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Assessment of aluminium tolerance in maize using a rapid screening procedure
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Paula Mendes --- , M. P.W. Farina --- , P. Channon --- ,Routine testing for Al tolerance requires that screening procedures be both rapid and simple. Growth-chamber techniques, developed in the USA, show considerable promise in this regard and were used in this study to compare the Al tolerance of 10 maize... -
Effect of the amount of surface maize residue on infiltration and soil loss from a clay loam soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.M. Lang --- , Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- , Republic of South AfricaSix levels of maize stover, expressed as percentage ground cover (0–75%) were compared under a rainfall simulator to assess the effect of surface residues on infiltration and soil loss on a clay loam soil with a 3,5% slope. Increasing the... -
Screening for DIMBOA (benzoxazinone) concentration among South African inbred maize lines and sorghum cultivars
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , J.H. Visser --- Department of Botany, H.A. van de Venter --- Department of Botany,Twenty-seven popular South African inbred maize lines, four commercial maize cultivars, two sweet corn cultivars and two grain sorghum cultivars were screened by means of a rapid, semi-quantitative method to determine DIMBOA concentration. Significant differences were found between inbred lines... -
Growth responses of inbred maize lines with high and low DIMBOA (benzoxazinone) contents to atrazine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , J.H. Visser --- Department of Botany, H.A. van de Venter --- Department of Botany,The growth response of five inbred maize lines with high and low DIMBOA content were compared in the presence of 3 and 12 ppm atrazine. A growth-promoting effect of atrazine on roots, mesocotyls and coleoptiles was observed in dark-grown seedlings... -
Practical means of scheduling irrigation of maize using a programmable pocket calculator
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R. Mottram --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, R. St. E. Clemence --- ,The irrigation scheduling model IRRISCHED-4, here described, enables the irrigator to choose one of four techniques for estimating crop water use, depending upon data available. Daily inputs include maximum and minimum temperatures, sunshine hours, leaf area index, crop factor, rain,... -
Potassium effects on stalk strength, premature death and lodging of maize (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Maria Melis --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, M. P.W. Farina --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre,In a field trial with maize, applications of potassium (K) proved to have a highly significant effect on stalk strength, premature death, root lodging and stalk breakage. A week prior to harvest the percentage of lodged plants varied from 77%... -
Importance of rainfall oscillations in agricultural planning
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.L. du Pisani --- ,Evidence seems to indicate that the rainfall in the summer rainfall area of the RSA exhibits an oscillatory nature with a period of 16–20 years. To help maize farmers in planning for a dry or wet cycle the most recent... -
Geographical variation in the seasonal moth flight activity of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , M.C. Walters --- , J.H. Giliomee --- Department of Entomology,The seasonal abundance of Busseola fusca moths at five localities in the maize production area of South Africa was monitored by means of Robinson light traps. Geographical variation in the flight pattern was shown to exist between localities from east... -
A comparison of several nitrogen- availability indices on four Natal maize-producing soils
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B.L. Schroeder --- , Republic of South Africa M. P.W. Farina --- , Republic of South Africa M.V. Fey --- Department of Soil Science and Agrometeorology, Republic of South AfricaFour methods used in obtaining nitrogen-availability indices were compared using soil and plant samples taken from maize trials conducted on four widely differing Natal soils. NO3 − N was determined after extraction of the soil with NH4HCO3, Ca(OH)2 and KCl,... -
Reduced leaf diffusive resistance with re-exposure of maize (Zea mays L.) to atrazine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.R. le Court de Billot --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaApplication and subsequent removal of atrazine in a nutrient solution resulted in changes in leaf diffusive resistance in maize. Re-exposure to atrazine elicited lower responses in leaf diffusive resistance, suggesting an improved tolerance to atrazine by maize. The time elapsed... -
Influence of sub-optimal imbibition temperatures on seed vigour and respiration in maize (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.A. van de Venter --- , N. Grobbelaar --- ,Germination and coleoptile growth of nine seed lots of maize (representing seven cultivars) were studied at 25°C (constant), 13°C (constant) and also at 7°C (7 days) followed by 25°C. Relative germination response to sub-optimal temperatures reflected relative differences in germination... -
Qualitative estimation of atrazine, hydroxyatrazine and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazinone (MBOA) in maize plants
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , Republic of South Africa J.H. Visser --- Department of Botany, Republic of South Africa H.A. van de Venter --- Department of Botany, Republic of South AfricaA rapid and simple method for the extraction and quantification of the herbicide atrazine, the atrazine hydroxylating agent in maize plants DIMBOA, and the hydroxylated product hydroxy-atrazine, is described. These substances were quantified by means of HPLC techniques, employing a... -
In vivo atrazine hydroxylation in maize plants exposed to five different temperature regimes
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , J.H. Visser --- Department of Botany, H.A. van de Venter --- Department of Botany,Maize plants exposed to atrazine at temperatures ranging from 10°C to 30°C showed increased hydroxylation of atrazine to form the non-toxic hydroxy-atrazine metabolite as temperature increased to 25°C, above which hydroxylation decreased again. When exposed to 12 ppm atrazine, accumulation... -
Rol van tekorte aan sekere makro-elemente by verdraagsaamheid van mielies (Zea mays L.) teenoor atrasien
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. Reinhardt --- Departement Plantproduksie, P.C. Nel --- Departement Plantproduksie, N. M.J. Vermeulen --- Departement Biochemie, Z. Apostolides --- Departement Biochemie, D. J.J. Potgieter --- Departement Biochemie,Die verdraagsaamheid van mieliesaailinge (Zea mays L. kv SSM2041) teenoor atrasien is in 'n glashuis ondersoek. Plante is in potte gekweek, in voedingsoplossings met tekorte aan sekere makro-elemente. Atrasien in die voedingsoplossings is periodiek bepaal met behulp van hoëdrukvloeistofchromatografie. Tekorte... -
Anorganiese stikstof in mieliegronde van die Oranje-Vrystaat en Transvaal met planttyd, 1984
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.C. du Preez --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-Afrika R. du T. Burger --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaOndersoek is ingestel na die hoeveelheid anorganiese stikstof wat met planttyd gedurende die 1984/85-seisoen in mieliegronde van die Oranje-Vrystaat en Transvaal teenwoordig was. By 82 lokaliteite, wat verspreid oor hierdie gebied voorkom, is grondmonsters ingesamel. Grondmonsters is op 300 mm... -
The effect of tillage system on lodging in maize resulting from a severe rainstorm
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.M. Lang --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, J.B. Mallet --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, W. A.J. Berry --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre,Severe lodging in maize lands on Cedara on the 24 February 1985 was caused by a rainstorm registering Force 10 on the Beaufort scale. Large differences in lodging existed between plots in three tillage trials. In two identical primary tillage... -
Relationship between DIMBOA content and atrazine tolerance in maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , Republic of South Africa M.R. le Court de Billot --- , Republic of South AfricaData of two independent studies are presented to illustrate the relationship between DIMBOA content of maize inbreds and their tolerance to atrazine. Polynomial regression curves best described this relationship. R-squared values of 0,48 and 0,87 between DIMBOA content and tolerance... -
Atrazine metabolism in field-grown maize and the effect of atrazine phototoxicity on yield
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , Republic of South Africa J.H. Visser --- Department of Botany, Republic of South Africa H.A. van de Venter --- Department of Botany, Republic of South AfricaMaize was grown under field conditions, applying conventional farming practices. Atrazine was sprayed pre- emergence at concentrations of 1,25 I ha−1ai. and 5 I ha−1ai. Severe phytotoxicity symptoms were visible from the first- to about the sixth-leaf stage i.e. 25–30... -
Water storage, soil temperatures and maize (Zea mays L.) growth for various tillage practices
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. A.J. Berry --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, Republic of South Africa P.L. Greenfield --- Department of Crop Science, Republic of South AfricaFour tillage treatments ranging from conventional mouldboard ploughing through to direct-drilling were repeated during the second season of an ongoing experiment. At commencement of the new season, differences in plant- available water (PAW) in the top 600 mm of the... -
Reproduktiewe opbrengskomponente van mielies (Zea mays L.) soos beïnvloed deur verskillende grondvrugbaarheids- en be- sproeiingspeile
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.E. Steynberg --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-Afrika P.C. Nel --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-Afrika P.S. Hammes --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie reproduktiewe opbrengskomponente van mielies (Zea mays L.) is gedurende die 1982/83-seisoen gemonitor by sekere behandelings van 'n langtermyn bemestings- en besproeiingsproef met twee peile elk van besproeiing (W), stikstof (N), fosfor (P), kallum (K) en kompos (M). Addisionele besproeiing... -
The effect of tillage system and rate and time of nitrogen application on maize performance on a sandy Avalon soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.M. Lang --- , Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- , Republic of South AfricaFour nitrogen fertilizer regimes were superimposed on a tillage trial on a sandy Avalon soil at Dundee in 1985 in order to investigate whether the rate and time of N fertilizer application influenced the poor early-season growth and reduced yields... -
Preliminary evaluation of two maize (Zea mays L.) growth-simulation models
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.N. de Vos --- , Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- , Republic of South AfricaTwo maize growth-simulation models developed in the U.S.A., CERES-Malze and CORNF, were evaluated with South African data using graphical and numerical techniques. The results indicate that both models agree well with observed values of total above-ground plant dry mass, leaf... -
The influence of rainfall on the seasonal abundance and flight activity of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa G. D.J. van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa J.H. Giliomee --- Department of Entomology, Republic of South Africa M.C. Walters --- , Republic of South AfricaThis study attempts to demonstrate the extent to which seasonal fluctuations in the number of Busseola fusca (Fuller) moths can be explained by precipitation data. Daily flight activity is shown to be enhanced by cool, humid conditions and restricted by... -
Typifying late-season weather for maize yield prediction
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B. St. E. Clemence --- , Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- , Republic of South AfricaLong-term weather data were used to generate typical weather records. By substituting typical weather data for actual late-season weather data it was possible to compute yield predictions using the model CERES-Maize, and compare these with predictions based on full season... -
The effect of tillage: maize residue interactions upon soil water storage
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. A.J. Berry --- , Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- , Republic of South AfricaFour months before planting a crop of maize, a study was commenced on a well-drained clay loam soil to test the effect of tillage and surface maize residue on soil water storage. Tillage main plots were split into bare (residue... -
Effects of four herbicides on the infestation of maize by the nematode Pratylenchus zeae
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: ElizabethM. Jordaan --- , Republic of South Africa D. de Waele --- , Republic of South AfricaThe effects of atrazine, alachlor, EPTC and 2, 4-D on penetration and reproduction rate of Pratylenchus zeae on maize, were evaluated. The herbicides had no significant influence on the nematode populations. -
The effect of simulated rain on the efficiency of herbicides in the presence of maize stubble
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T.C. van Eeden --- , Republic of South Africa D. du Toit --- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Republic of South AfricaThe effect of the amount of simulated rain and stubble on the efficiency of herbicides was examined in a glasshouse study. Four different amounts of maize stubble (0–3 500 kg ha-1) and nine different amounts of simulated rain (0–20 mm)... -
Interaction of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation water salinity on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in a two-way line-source sprinkler system
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.E. Steynberg --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa D. Magnusson --- , Israel Y. Ben-Asher --- , Israel M. Silberbush --- , IsraelMaize was planted in a line-source sprinkler experiment in the Negev Desert in Israel. A double line-source system was used with one line source at right angles to the other. It was possible to create a gradient of salt concentration... -
Drought sensitivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to soil fertility and water stress during different growth stages
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.E. Steynberg --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.S. Hammes --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaMaize was grown under controlled conditions in a pot experiment to determine how drought sensitivity would be affected by differential soil fertilities. Soil was obtained from a fertilization field trial where soil fertility differences developed over a period of 45... -
The effect of removing maize surface residue from the seed-row on seedzone temperature, soil water and maize development
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. A.J. Berry --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, Republic of South Africa J.B. Mallett --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, Republic of South AfricaEarly maize development is generally less rapid in the cooler soils of tillage systems which maintain large amounts of crop residues (stubble) on the soil surface. However, soil water storage tends to increase with increasing amount of surface cover, and... -
Die invloed van bemestingplasing op wortelontwikkeling van mielies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. du Toit --- , Republiek van Suid-AfrikaVier behandelings waar bemesting op verskillende dieptes geplaas is, asook 'n geen-bemestingspeil as kontrole, is onder 'n stoppelbewerkingstelsel geëvalueer. Wortelontwikkeling is op drie stadiums gedurende die groeiseisoene ondersoek. Diep plasing van bemesting stimuleer afwaartse wortelontwikkeling, veral gedurende die vroeë vegetatiewe... -
Spruitvorming by mielies: 'n Vergelyking van enkelstammige en spruitvormende plante
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.F. Verwey --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-Afrika P.S. Hammes --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie groei en opbrengs van enkelstammige en meerstammige mielieplante uit dieselfde stand is vergelyk om vas te stel wat die effek van spruitvorming hierop is. Spruitontwikkeling het nie 'n wesentlike invloed op planthoogte en blaaroppervlakte van hoofstamme gehad nie. Spruite... -
Bepaling van donkerrespirasie by mielies (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W.H. du Preez --- Landboufakulteit, Republiek van Suid-Afrika J.J. Human --- Landboufakulteit, Republiek van Suid-Afrika L.P. de Bruyn --- Landboufakulteit, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaTwee mieliecultivars wat in potte onder glashuistoestande met optimale watervoorsiening gekweek is, is gedurende die agtblaarstadium en stuifmeelstort tot baardverskyning aan stremming onderwerp deur watertoediening te weerhou. Die CO2-uitvloeitempo is op sekere tye gedurende die nagperiode gemonitor. Hierdie waardes het... -
Host plant preference by the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa J. van den Berg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaSome graminaceous fodder crops were compared to maize and grain sorghum for ovipositional preference by Busseola fusca (Fuller) under laboratory conditions. The infestation potential of different crops was increased by the incidence of tillering, infestation being enhanced by the availability... -
Application of a model for the identification of maize inbred lines for use in single cross improvement
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T.K. Stanger --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, Republic of South Africa H.O. Gevers --- Summer Grain Sub-Centre, Republic of South Africa B. Cilliers --- Department of Genetics, Republic of South AfricaA model for the identification of maize inbred donors which genetically will be best for the improvement of quantitative traits in single cross parents was evaluated using local lines of maize. For this material, the assumption by the model that... -
The importance of certain insects as pollinators of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.P. du Toit --- , Republic of South AfricaThis study reports the effects of Apis mellifera L. (honeybees), Astylus atromaculatus Blanchard (spotted maize beetles), Heliothis armigera Hübner (American bollworm larvae) and Musca domestica L. (house flies) on seed set in commercial sunflower. The pollination efficiency of these insects... -
A multivariate approach to a specific problem of grouping maize cultivars
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: MarieF. Smith --- , Republic of South AfricaThe use of multivariate techniques in the analysis of multivariate problems is illustrated by comparing the results of univariate and multivariate techniques applied to the problem of establishing the nutritional requirements of, and the acid tolerance differences between maize cultivars... -
A comparison of seed vigour tests for maize (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.A. van de Venter --- , Republic of South Africa H.W. Lock --- , Republic of South AfricaA number of seed vigour tests were conducted on two groups of maize seed lots. One group consisted of six seed lots of different cultivars while the other group consisted of six sub-lots of one cultivar, artificially aged for different... -
Nitraatontledings as hulpmiddel by stikstofbemestingaanbevelings in die westelike mielieproduserende gebiede van Suid-Afrika
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.P. van der Walt --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika C.C. du Preez --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie ondersoek is onderneem om vas te stei of nitraatontledings gebruik kan word om die huidige stikstof- bemestingsriglyne in die westelike mielieproduserende gebiede te verfyn. Verskeie stikstofbemestingsproewe is by verskillende terreine in die gebiede uitgevoer. By elk van die 14... -
Unavoidable losses in insecticidal control of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize and grain sorghum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. ven den Berg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa J. B.J. van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaSingle applications of insecticide against Chilo partellus at different times in the pre-flowering stages of maize and from early whorl to soft dough stage in grain sorghum were compared with multiple applications. Based on yield and the incidence of damaged... -
Resistance of South African maize hybrids to maize streak virus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: G. D.J. van Rensburg --- , Republic of South Africa J.H. Giliomee --- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Republic of South Africa K.L. Pringle --- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Republic of South AfricaData from maize cultivar trials at Vaalharts over a five-year period were used to evaluate the level of resistance to maize streak virus (MSV) in commercial maize hybrids, and to determine the potential value of such resistance. Maize hybrids presently... -
Invloed van omgewingsfaktore en opbergingstydperk op kieming van benfurakarb-behandelde mieliesaad (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.P. Terblanche --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika H.A. van de Venter --- , Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie invloed van benfurakarb saadbehandeling op kieming by mieliesaad is onder gunstige en suboptimale temperatuur sowel as na opberging en in waterstrestoestande ondersoek. Konsentrasies van 1 350 en 1 800 g a.b. 100 kg−1 saadmassa en opberging na behandeling lei... -
The effect of Oxalis latifolia competition in maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P. E.L. Thomas --- Summer Grain Sub-centre, Republic of South AfricaThe competitive effect of Oxalis latifolia H.B.K, (red garden sorrel) in maize has been investigated in the past four seasons at Cedara. The site chosen had a heavy O. latifolia infestation. In each of the four seasons initial weed control... -
The potassium requirements of maize and soyabean on a high K-fixing soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: V. Kovačević --- Department of Crop Production, Yugoslavia V. Vukadinović --- Department of Crop Production, YugoslaviaSevere K nutritional problems in maize (Zea mays L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) are common on the strongly K-fixing gleysols of east Croatia, Yugoslavia. There is, however, little information currently available regarding the K fertilizer requirements of these... -
Predictive estimation of maize yield loss caused by Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Riana Bate --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa J. B.J. van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaThe effect of Chito partellus (Swinhoe) on growth and yield of maize was investigated in two field experiments, using artificial infestation in cages. The first experiment consisted of five infestation levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 eggs per... -
Fertilizer placement of maize: I. Grain yield and plant growth
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. du Toit --- , Republic of South Africa J.J. Human --- , Republic of South AfricaNormal fertilizer placement, two deeper than normal, broadcast and no fertilizer treatments were compared in a stubble tillage system in the north-western Free State. Plant growth, as indicated by leaf area, leaf dry mass and stem dry mass, was evaluated... -
Die invloed van straling op die groei van mielies (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.M. Hurn --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiekvan Suid-Afrika P.S. Hammes --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiekvan Suid-AfrikaAangesien stralingsintensiteit met plek en tyd varieer, is die invloed daarvan op groei en ontwikkeling van mielies in 'n veldproef ondersoek. Drie stralingsintensiteite (100%, 75% en 42% van voile sonlig) en drie plantpopulasies (1.2, 2.7 en 5.5 plante m−2) is... -
Effect of Busseola fusca on the incidence of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme and Stenocarpella maydis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B.C. Flett --- , Republic of South Africa J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , Republic of South AfricaThe influence of Busseola fusca incidence and damage on Fusarium moniliforme and Stenocarpella maydis ear rots was studied in the field using artificial infestation with B. fusca, mechanical damage and pathogen inoculation. B. fusca infestation increased the incidence of F... -
Maize response to plant population and soil water supply: I. Yield of grain and total above-ground biomass
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. van Averbeke --- Department of Agronomy, J.N. Marais --- Department of Agronomy,The effect of the level of water deficit on the yield of grain and total above-ground biomass of maize planted at greatly differing densities was investigated in a strictly controlled field experiment, repeated for four seasons. Differences in water supply... -
Soil and plant potassium optima for maize on a kaolinitic clay soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M. P.W. Farina --- , Republic of South Africa P. Channon --- , Republic of South Africa G.R. Thibaud --- , Republic of South Africa J.D. Phipson --- , Republic of South AfricaIn South Africa, there is an extreme paucity of information relating maize (Zea mays L.) yields to soil and plant K levels and most K fertilizer recommendations are highly subjective. Controversy also surrounds the practice of relating K fertilizer recommendations... -
Thermal time bias in maize growth simulation due to mesoscale weather effects
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. A.J. Berry --- , Republic of South Africa B. S.E. Clemence --- , Republic of South AfricaThe effect of cold air advection on the estimates of daily thermal time with a base temperature of 8°C (DTT8), calculated using maximum and minimum screen temperatures (max./min. values), was examined. Screen temperature data for at least three maize-growing seasons... -
Evaluation of maize hybrids for kernel colonization by Fusarium moniliforme and F. subglutinans
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B.C. Flett --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaMaize kernels from six commercially grown hybrids were collected from various localities for three seasons. The incidence of kernel colonization by Fusarium moniliforme and F. subglutinans was determined by plating out 400 representative kernels per sample onto a Fusarium spp... -
Maize response to plant population and soil water supply II. Plant barrenness and harvest index
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. van Averbeke --- Department of Agronomy, Ciskei J.N. Marais --- Department of Agronomy, CiskeiThe effects of level of water deficit and plant population density on plant barrenness and harvest index were investigated in a strictly controlled field experiment, repeated for four seasons. Differences in soil water supply were obtained by the seasonal variation... -
Evaluering en kalibrering van CERES-Maize 2. Groeistadia voorspellings
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.S. du Toit --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrka J. Booysen --- Departement Plantkunde, Republiek van Suid-Afrika J.J. Human --- Departement Agronomie, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaMidsomerdroogte tydens blom het 'n vernietigende effek op mielie-opbrengs. Deur die plantdatum te manipuleer kan die effek van midsomerdroogte op oesopbrengs verminder word. Gewasgroeisimulasiemodelle kan gebruik word om die optimum plantdatum per cultivar te bepaal. CERES-Maize se fenologiese voorspellingswaarde is... -
Evaluering en kalibrering van CERES-Maize: 3. Rywydtes in die westelike Hoëveld
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.S. du Toit --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika J. Booysen --- Departement Plantkunde, Republiek van Suid-Afrika J.J. Human --- Departement Agronomie, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaIn die westelike-Hoëveld waar reënval die mees beperkende hulpbron is, is lae plantpopulasie en wye rye erkende produksiepraktyke vir mielies. Die praktyke verskil beduidend van die praktyke waaronder CERES- Maize ontwikkel is. Ten einde CERES-Maize te evalueer ten opsigte van... -
Simulation of main stem mature leaf area of maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. Singels --- Department of Agrometeorology, Republic of South Africa J.M. de Jager --- Department of Agrometeorology, Republic of South AfricaThe accuracy of different models for simulating the area of mature leaves on the main stem (PLA) of maize using thermal time was investigated. The accuracy of sub-models for simulating the area of individual mature leaves (LAn) and the number... -
New sources of resistance to the stalk borers Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Chilo partellus Swinhoe in maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa J. van den Berg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaA number of maize genotypes reportedly resistant to various stem borer species were evaluated for resistance to the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca, and the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus. Based on larval mass gain after two weeks of feeding... -
Effek van residuele plus toegediende stikstof op graanopbrengs van mielies in die Hoëveldstreek
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Bloem --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika R.O. Barnard --- Departement van Grondkunde en Plantproduksle, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie behoefte in Suid-Afrika aan stikstofbemestingsriglyne wat op 'n meer fundamentele basis berus, het aanleiding gegee dat drie veldproewe in die 1992/93 groeiseisoen begin is. Residuele NO3-N is na oes (Julie 1993) en voor plant (November 1993) op dieptes van... -
Fertilizer placement of maize. II. Root growth and water use
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. du Toit --- , Republic of South Africa J.J. Human --- , Republic of South AfricaNormal fertilizer placement, two placements deeper than normal, a broadcast application and a non-fertilized control were compared to maximize production in a stubble tillage system. Root growth was evaluated at three growth stages from tassel initiation to flowering during the... -
An evaluation of inoculation techniques inducing Stenocarpella maydis ear rot on maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.J. Bensch --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaFour Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) Sutton inoculation techniques were compared over two seasons at Potchefstroom and Bethlehem on six maize cultivars differing in ear rot susceptibility. The techniques showed differentiation between cultivar susceptibility. Application of a conidial suspension behind the ear... -
Release of streak-resistant maize inbred lines
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.C. Kühn --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa J. B.J van Rensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South AfricaThe streak disease-resistant Vaalharts maize composite was used as the non-recurrent parent in crosses with the USA inbred lines Mo17 and B73, and local elite breeding material, representative of the F and M heterotic groups, to develop resistant inbred lines... -
A preliminary investigation of the potential for maize - legume intercropping in the semi-arid area of Sidamo region, Ethiopia. I. Maize response
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Y.B. Alemseged --- , Australia G.W. King --- , Australia L.R. Coppock --- International Livestock Centre for Africa, Ethiopia J.C. Tothill --- International Livestock Centre for Africa, EthiopiaAn intercropping trial involving four legumes, three maize planting densities and two legume planting times was undertaken at Dembela Wacho in the Sidamo region of Ethiopia during the 1987 growing season. The objective was to explore the potential of intercropping... -
A preliminary investigation of the potential for maize - legume intercropping in semi-arid area of Sidamo region, Ethiopia. II. Legume response
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Y.B. Alemseged --- , Australia G.W. King --- , Australia L.R. Coppock --- International Livestock Centre for Africa, Ethiopia J.C. Tothill --- International Livestock Centre for Africa, EthiopiaAn intercropping trial of maize (Zea mays) with two dual-purpose and two forage legumes was undertaken at Dembela Wacho in the Sidamo region of Ethiopia during the 1987 growing season. The objective was to explore the potential of intercropping in... -
Response of maize to ammonium nitrate, urea and cogranulated urea-urea phosphate
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: O.A. Yerokun --- Department of Soil Science, ZambiaUrea fertilizers may lose N by ammonia volatilization when applied in the field. In order to reduce this loss, modified urea compounds are being used. Not all of them reduce ammonia loss and improve crop yields. A field study was... -
Resistance of elite maize inbred lines to isolates of Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) Sutton
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. Van Rensburg --- , South Africa MariaJ. Ferreira --- , South AfricaFifteen maize inbred lines were evaluated for resistance to ear rot, using artificial inoculation of plants with isolates of Stenocarpella maydis from 13 localities in the South African maize production area. Five inbreds and four isolates were common to the... -
A technique to evaluate ENSO-based maize production strategies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. Singels --- Department of Agrometeorology, South Africa A.B. Potgieter --- Free State Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, South AfricaDrought occurs frequently in southern Africa, which causes harm to crop production and food security. Atmospheric and oceanic phenomena such as EL Niño/Southern Oscilation (ENSO) may be used to forecast drought. Crop production strategies could then be adapted to mitigate... -
Number of isolates of maize root fungi in different crop rotation systems
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: E. Smit --- , South Africa G. D.J van Rensburg --- , South Africa F. H.J. Rijkenberg --- , South AfricaThe effect of monoculture maize and rotation with soybeans, sunflower and groundnuts on the incidence of maize root rot were studied in a long-term rotation trial for three seasons. The number of isolates of the common root colonizing fungi was... -
Susceptibility of maize hybrids to grey leaf spot under two tillage systems in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. M.J. Ward --- , South Africa D.C. Nowell --- , South Africa M.D. Laing --- Department of Plant Pathology, South Africa M.I. Whitwell --- , South AfricaGrey leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and E.Y. Daniels) has seriously decreased the yields of maize in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and has been identified in neighbouring provinces and countries. Since no commercially grown hybrids have been identified to be resistant... -
Use of linear regression and correlation matrix in the evaluation of CERES3 (Maize)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.S. du Toit --- , South Africa J. Booysen --- , South Africa J.J. Human --- UOVS, Department of Agronomy, South AfricaA historical data set (soil water content, growth, phenology and yield) consisting of six cultivars and three planting dates was used to evaluate the CERES3 crop growth model. Linear regression and correlation matrix were used to identify algorithms in the... -
Evaluation of plant resistance to the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) in maize germplasm improved for resistance to other borer species
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J van Rensburg --- , Republic of South AfricaNineteen maize genotypes resistant to various stalk borer species were evaluated for resistance to the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), using artificially infested plants grown in a greenhouse. The inbred line GT-FAWCC (C5) resistant to the fall armyworm Spodoptera... -
Calibration of CERES3 (Maize) to improve silking date prediction values for South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.S. du Toit --- , Republic of South Africa J. Booysen --- , Republic of South Africa J.J. Human --- Department of Agronomy, Republic of South AfricaSilking which coincides with the mid-summer drought in South Africa, could have a significant negative effect on maize yield. Errors in the prediction of silking date could contribute to errors in kernel number simulation, and consequently to errors in yield... -
Complex of root infecting fungi isolated from maize grown under various tillage practices
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Elbé Smit --- , Republic of South AfricaMaize root rot is common in South Africa and various factors may influence disease severity. Phoma spp., Trichoderma spp., Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Exserohilum pedicellatum (Henry) Leonard and Suggs are the primary fungi isolated from infected roots... -
Effect of tied ridges on grain yield response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to application of crop residue and residual N and P on two soil types at Alemaya, Ethiopia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. Belay --- , Ethiopia H. Gebrekidan --- , Ethiopia Y. Uloro --- , EthiopiaField experiments were conducted on two soil types over a period of five years (1986–1990) to investigate the effects of tied ridges and planting systems on the grain yield response of maize to applications of crop residue and residual N... -
Evaluation of Bt.-Transgenic maize for resistance to the stem borers Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. Van Rensburg --- , Republic of South AfricaThe gene Cry1Ab derived from the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is currently deployed commercially for control of Pyralid stem borers of maize in the USA. In this study various events of the Bt-gene were evaluated in maize inbred lines and... -
Biology of Cicadulina leafhoppers and epidemiology of maize streak virus disease in West Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: NilsaA. Bosque-Pérez --- Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, USA I.W. Buddenhagen --- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, USAStudies have been conducted in Nigeria on biology of Cicadulina leafhopper vectors of maize streak virus (MSV), the role of indigenous grasses as reservoirs of virus and vectors, and on incidence and severity of MSV in relation to maize varietal... -
Pre-emergence weed control with metolachlor/flumetsulam mixtures
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. van Biljon --- , Republic of South Africa K.J. Hugo --- , Republic of South Africa C.J. van der Merwe --- , Republic of South Africa L.J. van Wyk --- , Republic of South AfricaMetolachlor (2—chloro—6′—ethyl—N-(2—methoxy—1—methylethyl)acet—o—toluidide) / flumetsulam (2′6′—difluoro—5-methyl[1,2,4] triazolo [1,5—a] pyrimidine—2—sulfonanilide) mixtures were evaluated in 77 field experiments in maize (Zea mays L.), groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), soya beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr and dry beans (Phaseolus spp). Many broadleaf weeds, including Tribulus... -
Historical overview of breeding for durable resistance to maize streak virus for tropical Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: I.W. Buddenhagen --- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, USA NilsaA. Bosque-Perez --- Department of Plant, USAMaize streak virus (MSV) was first studied by Storey in Kenya in the 1920s and resistance transferred into East African maize in the 1960's. Yet the majority of farmers of East Africa are still growing streak-susceptible maize. At the International... -
Sucrose synthesis and translocation in Zea mays L. during early growth, when subjected to N and K deficiency
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.C. Pretorius --- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Republic of South Africa D.T. Nieuwoudt --- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Republic of South Africa Diana Eksteen --- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Republic of South AfricaBy omitting N and K either separately or in combination from the rooting medium, a nutrient stress condition was created with the aim of ascertaining whether sucrose synthesis or its translocation was linked to nutrient availability (N, K) in young... -
Effect of planting date of maize on damage and yield loss caused by the stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Lesotho
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Ebenebe --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Republic of South Africa J. van den Berg --- , Republic of South Africa T.C. van der Linde --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Republic of South AfricaThe effect of the time of planting of maize on the incidence of infestation and yield loss caused by Busseola fusca (Fuller) was studied using five successive plantings (early November to early January) during the 1995/96 and 1996/97 growing seasons... -
A critical soil sulphur level for maize (Zea mays L.) grown in a glasshouse
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: L. Grobler --- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Republic of South Africa A.A. Bloem --- Department of Agriculture North West Province, Republic of South Africa A.S. Claassens --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Republic of South AfricaSulphur is an essential nutrient for the production of the amino acids cysteine and methionine, which are important for protein syntheses. Previous studies showed that sulphur deficiencies are becoming common because of the tendency to use more concentrated and liquid... -
Response of local maize varieties and commercial hybrids to natural infestation by Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Lesotho
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Ebenebe --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Republic of South Africa J. van den Berg --- , Republic of South Africa T.C. van der Linde --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Republic of South AfricaThe response of farmers' varieties and maize hybrids commonly grown in Lesotho was evaluated in field trials under natural infestations of Busseola fusca (Fuller). Plant response of varieties and hybrids was evaluated in relation to a susceptible and resistant maize... -
Agronomic evaluation of streak resistant maize germ plasm derived from the improved Vaalharts maize composite
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , Republic of South AfricaStreak resistant maize inbred lines released by the Grain Crops Institute in 1995 were evaluated in the absence of streak disease as hybrid combinations in field trials. The evaluation of single crosses between three lines in each of a B73... -
Effect of crop rotation on the severity of grey leaf spot on maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: E. Smit --- , Republic of South Africa B.C. Flett --- , Republic of South AfricaGrey leaf spot (GLS) caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Daniels has become the most important foliar disease of maize in South Africa. Crop rotation has been applied successfully to control or reduce the incidence and severity of plant diseases... -
An explanation of genotype by environment interaction for maize in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.C. Laubscher --- , Republic of South Africa C.Z. Roux --- Department of Genetics, Republic of South Africa J. M.P. Geerthsen --- Department of Genetics, Republic of South AfricaThe causes of genotype interaction with the environment was investigated using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) analysis. AMMI quantified environments by means of E_IPCA1 (first principal component analysis for environment) such that it was highly significantly correlated (r... -
Influence of residual manure on selected nutrient elements and microbial composition of soil under long-term crop rotation
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. Belay --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Republic of South Africa A.S. Claassens --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Republic of South Africa F.C. Wehner --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Republic of South Africa J.M. de Beer --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Republic of South AfricaA study was conducted on a long-term field experiment at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, that was established in 1939. The aim was to investigate the effects of residual manure on the characteristics of the total and microbial biomass... -
Larval mortality and injury patterns of the African stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) on various plant parts of Bt-transgenic maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , Republic of South AfricaDuring the 1998/99 season considerable stem damage was caused by B. fusca in commercial plantings of Bt-maize, without leaf feeding damage during the vegetative stages of plant development. This indicated that larvae may survive on some less toxic plant part... -
Laboratory assay to determine efficacy of insecticides for control of the spotted maize beetle, Astylus atromaculatus Blanchard (Coleoptera: Melyridae), a pest of sorghum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H. du Plessis --- , South Africa J. van den Berg --- , South AfricaSpotted maize beetle, (Astylus atromaculatus), African boll- worm, (Helicoverpa armigera) and various aphid species attack sorghum from flowering onwards. The possibility of simultaneous control of these pests with a single application of an insecticide exists. The efficacy of insecticides registered... -
Factors influencing the tolerance of maize to atrazine and terbuthylazine applied post-emergence
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: N. G.R. Khorommbi --- , South Africa C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, South AfricaHerbicide damage to maize seedlings reported in the 1997/98 season from certain maize-growing areas where atrazine or atrazine/terbuthylazine was applied post-emergence, prompted this investigation. Pot experiments were conducted to assess the role of growth stage, cultivar and temperature on the... -
Effect of application rate and beetle age on efficacy of imidacloprid (Gaucho®) against black maize beetle, Heteronychus arator Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T.W. Drinkwater --- , South AfricaLaboratory trials were conducted to study the effect of application rate and beetle age on damage inflicted by black maize beetle, Heteronychus arator, to maize seedlings treated with imidacloprid. Application rate was evaluated in two trials using young adults during... -
Soil nutrient contents, microbial properties and maize yield under long-term legume-based crop rotation and fertilization: a comparison of residual effect of manure and NPK fertilizers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. Belay --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Sciences, A.S. Claassens --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Sciences, F.C. Wehner --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South AfricaA study was conducted in a field experiment that has been ongoing for over 60 years at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. The aim was to compare the residual effects of manure and NPK fertilizers on selected soil nutrients,... -
Phytotoxicity of seven graminicides on maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. E.J. Saayman-du Toit --- , South AfricaPhytotoxicity of single and double dosages of metolachlor, dimethenamid, acetochlor A and B, alachlor, flufenacet and a mixture of atrazine-sulcotrione, were evaluated on maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse, using soil with a clay content of less than 10%... -
Phytotoxicity resulting from a combination of a pre-emergence herbicide and a pesticide seed dressing in maize (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. E. J. Saayman-du Toit --- , South AfricaThis study was prompted by reports from maize producers, indicating phytotoxicity to occur when using pre-emergence herbicides in combination with seed dressings under cold conditions on sandy soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in which the insecticide imidacloprid and the... -
Breeding for resistance to ear rot of maize, caused by Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) Sutton. 1. Evaluation of selection criteria
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.D. Rossouw --- , South Africa J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , South Africa C.S. van Deventer --- Department of Plant Breeding, South AfricaThe objective of this study was to provide a better understanding of the interrelationship between methods of screening for resistance to ear rot, caused by Stenocarpella maydis. The inheritance of resistance as well as genetic and phenotypic correlation of various... -
Comparisons of using fitted (calculated) and determined (measured) genetic coefficient G2 in CERES-Maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.S. du Toit --- , South AfricaGenetic coefficients reflect simulated differences in cultivar growth and development. These are not readily available for most South African maize cultivars. They could either be fitted or determined experimentally. This study showed that the determined values of genetic coefficients are... -
Evaluation of chemical control measures for termites in maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.F. Riekert --- , South Africa J. Van den Berg --- ,Field trails were conducted from the 1994/95 to 2000/2001 growing seasons to evaluate various insecticides for preventative and corrective control of the fungus-growing termites, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes sp. and Allodontermes sp. in maize. The incidence of lodged maize plants was... -
Inheritance of resistance in maize to the African stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.M. André --- Department of Plant Breeding, South Africa J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , South Africa M.T. Labuschagne --- Department of Plant Breeding, South AfricaThe inheritance of resistance to the African stem borer, Busseola fusca, in maize was investigated by means of line x tester analyses in the F1 to F4 generations of crosses between 18 susceptible inbred lines and two resistant testers of... -
Evaluation of maize cultivars and rotation crops for resistance to damage by fungus-growing termites
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.F. Riekert --- , South Africa J. van den Berg --- , South AfricaThe fungus-growing termites, Microtermes spp. and Allodontermes spp. are important maize pests in sub-Saha- ran Africa. The use of sunflower and sorghum as alternate or rotation crops with maize to reduce termite infestations was evaluated in field trials in South... -
Effect of planting and harvesting dates on fungus-growing termite infestations in maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. van den Berg --- , South Africa H.F. Riekert --- , South AfricaFungus-growing termites (Microtermes spp. and Allodontermes spp.) damage maize roots and cause lodging. The pattern of attack, incidence of lodging, and the effect of planting and harvesting dates on damage and yield were studied in field trials over five seasons... -
Productivity and stability of grain yield in wheat and maize as affected by rotational cropping systems in the eastern Free State
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Nel --- , Republic of South Africa J.L. Purchase --- , Republic of South Africa A. Barnard --- , Republic of South AfricaThe use of crop rotation in the Eastern Free State to enhance profitability and reduce financial risk related to mono-cropped maize and wheat, has rekindled this research. The aim of this research was firstly to quantify the effect of dry... -
New generation maize inbred lines resistant to diplodia ear rot, caused by Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) Sutton
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J van Rensburg --- , South Africa J.D. Rossouw --- , South Africa C.S. van Deventer --- Department of Plant Sciences, South AfricaIn an attempt to obtain superior levels of resistance to Stenocarpella maydis ear rot, three elite maize inbred lines (DO620Y, E739 and B37) from different genetic backgrounds that had previously been shown to have useful levels of resistance were crossed... -
Ultrastructural changes caused by metazachlor on maize seedling leaves and root cells
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: L. Kanyomeka --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, South Africa C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, South AfricaMaize (Zea mays L.) genotypes exhibit differential tolerance to metazachlor (2-chloro-N-(pyrazol-1-ylme-thyl)acet-2′-6′-xylidide) in the greenhouse and in the field. However, since little is known on the effect of metazachlor on the ultrastructure of maize seedlings, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine... -
Description of spore stages of Puccinia sorghi in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B.J. Dunhin --- Department of Plant Sciences, South Africa Z.A. Pretorius --- Department of Plant Sciences, South Africa C.M. Bender --- Department of Plant Sciences, South Africa F.J. Kloppers --- , South Africa B.C. Flett --- , South AfricaThe life-cycle of Puccinia sorghi, a heteroecious fungus, consists of five well-defined spore stages. The uredinial and telial stages are completed on the primary maize host whereas pycnial and aecial stages occur on Oxalis comiculata (creeping sorrel), a perennial and... -
Recurrent selection for resistance in maize to the African stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , South Africa J. Klopper --- , South AfricaStem borer resistant inbred lines Mp704 and Mp706 of Mississippi origin were used as donor parents in a recurrent selection programme, to develop locally adapted germplasm with improved resistance to the stalk borer Busseola fusca. The segregating progenies of crosses... -
Productivity and stability of grain yield in maize and sorghum as affected by rotational cropping systems in the north western Free State
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.L. Loubser --- , Republic of South Africa A.A. Nel --- , Republic of South AfricaThe beneficial effects of crop rotation have long been researched and recognised in the world. Research results on crop rotation in South Africa are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crop rotation with groundnut,... -
Threshold values for sulphur in soils of the main maize-producing areas of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. van Biljon --- , Republic of South Africa D. Fouche --- , Republic of South Africa A. D.P. Botha --- , Republic of South AfricaFertilizers introduced to South Africa after World War 2 contained sufficient sulphur (S) to satisfy the demands of all crops. However, dramatic shifts to high-analysis NPK fertilizers containing little or no S and restriction on sulphur dioxide emissions by industries... -
Development of a simple empirical model for predicting maize yields in a semi-arid area
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T.B. Zere --- Department of Soil, Republic of South Africa C.W. van Huyssteen --- Department of Soil, Republic of South Africa M. Hensley --- Department of Soil, Republic of South AfricaA yield prediction model is necessary, together with long-term climate data, to calculate the long-term yields needed for making a quantitative productivity evaluation of a crop ecotope in the form of a cumulative probability function (CPF). In this study the... -
Effects of seed priming and water potential on germination of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in laboratory assays
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: F.S. Murungu --- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agriculture, Zimbabwe P. Nyamugafata --- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Zimbabwe C. Chiduza --- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zimbabwe L.J. Clark --- , UK W.R. Whalley --- , UKSub-optimal crop emergence and establishment is a problem in crop production owing to low soil moisture. The effects of seed priming (seed soaking) on cotton and maize germination at different water potentials (0, −10 kPa, −100kPa, −200 kPa, −500 kPa... -
Prediction of the chemical composition of winter grain and maize with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M. Viljoen --- Elsenburg Agricultural Research Centre, South Africa T.S. Brand --- Elsenburg Agricultural Research Centre, South Africa D.A. Brandt --- , South Africa L.C. Hoffman --- Department of Animal Sciences, South AfricaNear infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated as a tool for the fast and inexpensive prediction of nutritional values of feedstuffs. NIRS calibrations were developed for winter grain samples collected over three years in the Western Cape region of South... -
Phenotypic diversity for morphological and agronomic traits in traditional Ethiopian highland maize accessions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T. Beyene --- Department of Plant Sciences, A.M. Botha --- Department of Genetics, South Africa A.A. Myburg --- Department of Genetics, South AfricaFarmers in the highlands of Ethiopia have developed locally adapted maize varieties for more than 300 years. In order to assess the phenotypic diversity among traditional Ethiopian highland maize accessions, a total of 180 accessions were evaluated for agro-morphological traits... -
Analysis of Spray Aid's residue curve for timing fungicide applications for grey leaf spot on maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: N.C. van Rij --- , South Africa N.W. Quinn --- , South Africa P.M. Caldwell --- , South Africa M.J. Savage --- , South AfricaMaize grey leaf spot is still a problem in commercial maize production, although the effect has been reduced with the widespread use of resistant varieties. It is estimated that, with a yield reduction of 1 %, annual economic losses of... -
New streak resistant maize lines derived from the Vaalharts composite
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J van Rensburg --- , South AfricaExperimental white and yellow maize inbred lines of US Corn Belt derivation were improved for streak resistance using the improved Vaalharts Composite in yellow kernel colour (VHC2) and its counterpart in white (VHCW) as donor parents. Using natural infection and... -
Contribution of Tithonia diversifolia to yield and nutrient uptake of maize in Malawian small-scale agriculture
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.P. Ganunga --- , Zambia O.A. Yerokun --- , Zambia J. D. T. Kumwenda --- , MalawiLocally available non-traditional green manure plants could potentially contribute to reversing the trend of declining soil fertility and raise maize yield in small-scale farms. In this study, Tithonia diversifolia was tested as a low cost green manure in Malawi. In... -
Crop rotation in the summer rainfall area of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Nel --- ,Crop rotation is the successive growing of different crop species on fields with the aim to assist sustainability. Monoculture cropping, the opposite of crop rotation, of maize was and still is the main practice in the summer rainfall area of... -
Bromide movement and uptake under bare and cropped soil conditions at Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: K. Tilahun --- , Ethiopia J.F. Botha --- Institute for Groundwater Studies, Republic of South Africa A. T.P. Bennie --- Department of Soil, Crop, and Climate Sciences, Republic of South AfricaThe worst-case scenario of NO3-N leaching is often determined using conservative tracers since it undergoes complex and interdependent transformations in the soil. However, few tracer studies have hitherto been done under cropped soil conditions. In this study, a field experiment... -
Comparative genetic analysis of highland maize inbred lines using AFLP and SSR markers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B.W. Legesse --- , Ethiopia A.A. Myburg --- Department of Genetics & Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South Africa K.V. Pixley --- , A.M. Botha --- Department of Genetics & Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South AfricaThe objectives of the study were (1) to compare the informativeness of SSR and AFLP markers in genetic diversity analysis of highland maize inbred lines, and (2) to compare their effectiveness in classifying the inbred lines into heterotic groups. Thirty-two... -
Evaluating the maize production potential of a semi-arid ecotope with four production techniques
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T.B. Zere --- Department of Soil, South Africa C.W. Huyssteen --- Department of Soil, South Africa M. Hensley --- Department of Soil, South AfricaWater conservation production techniques are needed to boost crop production in semi-arid areas. The in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique has been developed for this purpose, and found to be successful on clay and duplex soils, but has not yet been... -
The delta yield procedure for nitrogen fertilisation of maize in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Nel --- , Republic of South Africa A.A. Bloem --- Department of Agriculture, Republic of South AfricaThe nitrogen fertilisation requirement for maize in South Africa is generaly estimated through the optimum yield-nitrogen rate procedure. The efficacy of this procedure is questionable. Delta yield, the difference between the maize grain yield at the economic optimum and that... -
Persistence of the pesticidal Bacillus thuringiensis protein expressed in Bt maize plant materials in two soils of the Central Eastern Cape, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P. Muchaonyerwa --- Department of Agronomy, South Africa S.M. Waladde --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaEnvironmental effects of genetically modified plants are not yet fully understood. Experiments were conducted to determine relative amounts of the bioactive Bt protein in roots, leaves and stems of Bt maize and persistence of the protein in two soil forms... -
Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its components in selected maize inbred lines
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: D.W. Gissa --- Bako Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia H. Zelleke --- , Ethiopia M.T. Labuschagne --- , South Africa T. Hussien --- , Ethiopia H. Singh --- , EthiopiaInformation on heterosis and combining ability of adapted maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines is essential to maximize their use for variety development. This study was conducted to determine heterosis and combining ability of selected inbred lines for yield and... -
Gene action determining Phaeosphaeria leaf spot disease resistance in experimental maize hybrids
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. Derera --- , Republic of South Africa P. Tongoona --- , Republic of South Africa B.S. Vivek --- , Zimbabwe N. van Rij --- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa M.D. Laing --- , Republic of South AfricaPhaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis Henn.) has the potential to cause substantial yield losses in maize. Maize is grown by small-scale farmers without fungicides; hence there is need to breed for resistance in regionally adapted germplasm. Little information about the... -
First report of field resistance by the stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) to Bt-transgenic maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. B.J. van Rensburg --- , South AfricaReports of severe damage caused by the African stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) to Mon810-transgenic maize (Bt) prompted a study in which the survival of progenies of diapause larvae collected from both a Bt and non-Bt planting were compared when... -
An evaluation of the basic cation saturation ratio concept in sandy soils of the Free State Province, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. van Biljon --- , Republic of South Africa D.S. Fouche --- , Republic of South Africa A. D.P. Botha --- , Republic of South AfricaResults of the first plantings of field trials conducted at six localities on sandy soils in the Free State Province of South Africa are presented. The effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ as a percentage of the... -
The lower and upper threshold values, biological optimum and mineralization of nitrogen in the main maize producing soils of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. Van Biljon --- , 2021 Republic of South Africa D.S. Fouche --- , 2021 Republic of South Africa A.D.P. Botha --- , Republic of South AfricaThere is still no consensus in South Africa on the parameters used to advise maize farmers on the quantity of N needed for optimum yields. In order to determine the lower and upper threshold values for nitrogen (N), the biological... -
Threshold values and sufficiency levels for potassium in maize producing sandy soils of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. van Biljon --- , Republic of South Africa D.S. Fouche --- , Republic of South Africa A.D.P. Botha --- , Republic of South AfricaSouth African maize farmers apply only two thirds of the potassium (K) which is annually removed in the grain, causing a deficit of more than 13 000 tons K per season. It is expected that these maize fields will gradually... -
The relative abundance of maize stem borers and their parasitoids at the Tshiombo irrigation scheme in Venda, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: W. Krüger --- , South Africa J. van den Berg --- , South Africa H. van Hamburg --- , South AfricaMaize is an important resource in many small-scale farming areas in South Africa and especially on irrigation schemes in the Limpopo Province where this crop is cultivated under irrigation in sub-tropical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine... -
Additive mean effects and multiplicative interaction analysis of maize yield trials in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: S. H. Ma’ali --- , South AfricaThirty five maize hybrids were evaluated over 98 environments for genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability under dry land conditions during the 2003 to 2006 seasons in the eastern and western maize production regions of South Africa. The... -
Maize fertilizer research over the last 25 years – an overview
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. van Biljon --- ,Maize yield as well as fertilizer practices have changed over the last 25 years. Average maize yield for South Africa increased from approximately 2.3 tons ha−1 in the early 1980s to approximately 3.5 tons ha−1 in recent years. The early... -
Targeting of early to intermediate maize hybrids for yield performanceand yield stability using SREG model
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.S. Setimela --- , Zimbabwe J. Crossa --- CIMMYT Km, D.F Mexico M. Bänziger --- CIMMYT Km, D.F MexicoThe effectiveness of targeting and predicting maize (Zea mays.L) hybrid performance is difficult when the magnitude of genotype x environment (GE) interaction and yield prediction cannot be interpreted and is only based on genotypes (G) and GE means. The traditional... -
Anew optimum value for zinc in the main maize producing sandy soils of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J.J. Van Biljon --- , Republic of South Africa C.A. Wright --- , Republic of South Africa D.S. Fouche --- , Republic of South Africa A.D.P. Botha --- , Republic of South AfricaSouth African farmers commenced applying zinc (Zn) during the 1960s at a rate of approximately 2 kg Zn ha−1. Although good yields were produced and Zn levels increased in South African maize fields, a recent survey revealed that maize meal... -
Crop rotational effects on irrigated winter and summer grain crops at Vaalharts
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.A. Nel --- , S.C. Lamprecht --- ,The beneficial effect of crop rotation on yield is well known on annual dryland cropping while knowledge is lacking on the rotational effect in short cycle cropping with two annual irrigated crops. Canola, barley and wheat were rotated with groundnut,... -
Effects of liming and inorganic fertiliser application on soil properties and maize growth and yield in rural agriculture in the Mbizana area, Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: DJ Beukes --- , South Africa TC Mapumulo --- , South Africa TP Fyfield --- , South Africa GG Jezile --- , South AfricaA five-year study was conducted to assess the seasonal and medium-term effects of liming and fertilisation of an acid clay loam topsoil on soil properties and on the growth and yield of maize under dry land. Treatments consisted of a... -
A vetch winter cover crop can improve response to nitrogen fertiliser and profitability of no-till maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Ernest Dube --- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, South Africa Cornelius Chiduza --- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, South Africa Pardon Muchaonyerwa --- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaA high nitrogen (N) fertiliser requirement can be a deterrent to the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA). A field trial was carried out to test whether a high biomass-yielding vetch (Vicia dasycarpa L.) winter cover crop can be used to... -
Dry matter yield and nutritional value of companion crops, intercropped with maize, for grazing purposes in northwestern KwaZulu-Natal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: EA van Zyl CS DannhauserThe northwestern part of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa is suitable for sheep farming as well as crop production. However, there are some constraints to animal production due to the low quality of natural vegetation during winter. Alternative winter feeding... -
Influence of undersowing perennial forages in maize on grain, fodder yield and soil properties in the sub-humid region of western Ethiopia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: A Hassen L Gizachew NFG Rethman WA van NiekerkIn the densely populated mixed farming areas of western Ethiopia, the integration of forages with food crops may be crucial to the achievement of sustainable crop and livestock production. This study investigated the effects of pure grass (Chloris gayana), legumes... -
Genetic diversity of maize germplasm lines and implications for breeding Maize streak virus resistant hybrids
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Nothando Mafu --- Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Roobavathie Naidoo --- Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Pedro Fato --- African Centre of Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Jedidah Danson --- African Centre of Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa John Derera --- African Centre of Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Mark D Laing --- Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaEvaluation of genetic distances between maize inbred lines can be used to maximise heterosis in hybrids. This study was conducted to determine genetic distances among 25 maize inbred lines in the Maize streak virus disease (MSVD) QTL region to develop... -
The Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers and Manure on Maize Yields in South Western Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: J. S. Ademba --- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Kisii, Kenya J. K. Kwach --- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Kisii, Kenya A. O. Esilaba --- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Headquarters, Kenya S. M. Ngari --- Egerton University, KenyaPhosphorus, nitrogen and Striga hermonthica are the major constraints to maize production in the Nyanza Province of Kenya. Field trials were conducted on-farm in Nyanza Province to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizers and manure on maize yields. The experimental... -
Prospecting cyanobacterial formulations as plant-growth-promoting agents for maize hybrids
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Radha Prasanna --- Division of Microbiology, India Firoz Hossain --- Division of Genetics, India Santosh Babu --- Division of Microbiology, India Ngangom Bidyarani --- Division of Microbiology, India Anurup Adak --- Division of Microbiology, India Shikha Verma --- Division of Microbiology, India Yashbir Singh Shivay --- Division of Agronomy, India Lata Nain --- Division of Microbiology, IndiaCyanobacteria represent environment-friendly inputs that can lead to savings of nitrogenous fertilisers, in addition to improving plant growth and soil fertility. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the potential of cyanobacteria inoculants as nutrient-management and plant-growth-promoting options for maize hybrids,... -
Statistical assessment of maize leaf nutrient and yield relationships in rural agriculture in the Mbizana area, Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Danie J Beukes --- Agricultural Research Council–Institute for Soil, South Africa Gcina G Jezile --- Agricultural Research Council–Institute for Soil, South Africa Thembisile C Mapumulo --- Agricultural Research Council–Institute for Soil, South Africa Thomas P Fyfield --- Agricultural Research Council–Institute for Soil, South AfricaA medium-term study was conducted under dry land to develop regression models to predict maize yield from leaf analyses for cost-effective fertiliser recommendations. Treatments consisted of lime, organic and inorganic fertiliser applications in a randomised complete block design with three... -
DNA fingerprinting of open-pollinated maize seed lots to establish genetic purity using simple sequence repeat markers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Peter S Setimela --- Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Zimbabwe Marilyn L Warburton --- Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, USA Tertia Erasmus --- INCOTEC South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South AfricaMaize (Zea mays L.) plays a dominant role in farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There has been a four-to-five-fold increase in the number of seed companies in SSA in the last decade, and yet more than half of small-holder... -
Consumer acceptance of yellow, provitamin A-biofortified maize in KwaZulu-Natal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: K. Pillay --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, J. Derera --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, M. Siwela --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Fj Veldman --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition,Objectives: To assess the acceptance of popular maize food products (phutu, thin porridge and samp), prepared with yellow, provitamin A-biofortified maize varieties, in 212 subjects between the ages of three and 55 years, from rural KwaZulu-Natal. -
Acceptance of a complementary food prepared with yellow, provitamin A-biofortified maize by black caregivers in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: L. Govender --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, K. Pillay --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, J. Derera --- Associate Professor, Plant Breeding, M. Siwela --- Dietetics and Human Nutrition,Objectives: The objective was to assess the sensory acceptability and consumer perceptions of soft porridge made with yellow, provitamin A-biofortified maize by black African female infant caregivers from rural KwaZulu-Natal. -
Design and fabrication of an improved maize shelling machine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: Pius Bamidele Mogaji --- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NigeriaThe objective of this work is to design and develop an improved maize shelling machine in terms of better time management, affordable cost, portability and mechanical efficiency. The method used involved selecting appropriate materials, and utilisation of theories of failure... -
Hierarchical analysis of Swainson’s Spurfowl Pternistis swainsonii habitat use on Highveld maize and livestock farms
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology • Authors: Johann H van Niekerk --- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, South AfricaThis paper explains habitat use by Swainson’s Spurfowl Pternistis swainsonii on maize Zea mays and livestock farms on the Highveld south-east of Johannesburg, South Africa. The purpose is to describe habitat modification methods to manipulate the abundance of Swainson’s Spurfowl... -
Key maize production constraints and farmers’ preferred traits in the mid-altitude maize agroecologies of northern Tanzania
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Lameck Nyaligwa --- African Centre for Crop Improvement, South Africa Shimelis Hussein --- African Centre for Crop Improvement, South Africa Mark Laing --- African Centre for Crop Improvement, South Africa Habteab Ghebrehiwot --- African Centre for Crop Improvement, South Africa Beyene A Amelework --- African Centre for Crop Improvement, South AfricaMaize productivity in Tanzania is very low, owing to various biotic and abiotic production constraints. Examining production constraints and farmers’ preference in maize-growing agroecologies will assist in designing improvement strategies based on farmers’ priorities. The objective of this study was... -
Evaluating maize yield variability and gaps in two agroecologies in northern Ghana using a crop simulation model
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Dilys S MacCarthy --- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Ghana Samuel G Adiku --- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Ghana Bright S Freduah --- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Ghana Alpha Y Kamara --- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria Stephen Narh --- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Ghana Alhassan L Abdulai --- Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, GhanaThe yield gap and variability in maize under smallholder systems in two agroecologies in northern Ghana were evaluated using a decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT). The model was used to assess (1) the potential yield of maize (YPOT),... -
Impact of Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technology on maize productivity in northern Nigeria: A treatment effect approach
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: L. J. S. Baiyegunhi --- Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa M. B. Hassan --- Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa G. F. Ortmann --- Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaThis paper evaluates the impact of adopting Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technologies on maize productivity among rural households of northern Nigeria. The study utilizes cross-sectional data collected in 2014 from a randomly selected 643 households. A treatment effect regression model... -
The effectiveness of price limits in the South African white maize futures market
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Investment Analysts Journal • Authors: Ayesha Sayed --- Finance Division, South Africa Christo Auret --- Finance Division, South AfricaFutures markets perform two essential functions by creating a platform for price discovery and permitting low cost hedging of risk. Some futures markets impose limits on the amount asset prices can change within a trading day to prevent the market... -
Effect of graded levels of dietary carbohydrate on growth, feed utilisation and intestinal microbial community structure in dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus fed a pelleted diet
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: NC Mabasa --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa PJ Britz --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa CLW Jones --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa A Nel --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South AfricaThe ability to utilise carbohydrates is limited for many predatory marine fishes. Graded levels of dietary carbohydrate (4.1–24.6%) were formulated using pregelatinised maize starch, to determine optimal levels for dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus, an emerging mariculture finfish for which pelleted... -
Design, construction and performance evaluation of a flat screen hammer mill machine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: B. O. Ezurike --- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria O. J. Osazuwa --- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria C.A. Okoronkwo --- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria K.I. Okoji --- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NigeriaThe detailed design procedure for a hammermill machine is presented. The system designed is a modification to the conventional hammer mill with a circular bottom casing and a semi-circular screen. The major problems associated with the conventional machine are longer... -
Measuring maize production efficiency in the eastern Ethiopia: Stochastic frontier approach
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: Musa Hasen Ahmed --- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ethiopia Aemro Tazeze --- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ethiopia Alem Mezgebo --- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ethiopia Eden Andualem --- Department of Agricultural Economics, EthiopiaThis study evaluated the technical, economic and allocative efficiency of maize production in eastern Ethiopia using cross-sectional data collected from 480 maize plots. The stochastic production function, fitted using the Cobb–Douglas production function, indicated that the amount of seed, land... -
Maize responses to reduced tillage, different plant residue mulch and nitrogen fertiliser on granitic sandy soils of Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Walter Mupangwa --- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, Zimbabwe Isaiah Nyagumbo --- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, Zimbabwe Eleanor Mutsamba --- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, Zimbabwe Blessing Mhlanga --- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, Zimbabwe Jefias Mataruse --- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, ZimbabweMulching in smallholder conservation agriculture (CA) systems is constrained by lack of adequate crop residues. A three-year study assessed the effects of reduced tillage systems combined with different plant residue mulch and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on nitrogen uptake using the... -
Performance of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties under Water Harvesting Technologies in the Coastal Region of Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: M.B. Muli --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya D. Kengo --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya A. Mzingirwa --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya R. Musila --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, KenyaThe average annual rainfall in coastal Kenya is 450–700 mm per annum in most places while the total annual evapotranspiration is 1200–1800 mm. In arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), farmers grow maize varieties for medium to high rainfall zones without considering the... -
Evaluation of agroforestry systems for maize (Zea mays) productivity in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Misheck Musokwa --- Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Paramu Mafongoya --- Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Simon Lorentz --- Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaMaize (Zea mays L.) is the staple food crop grown by most smallholder farmers in South Africa. Decline in soil fertility and expensive chemical fertilisers affect maize production by these farmers. Smallholder farmers cannot afford chemical fertilisers because these are... -
Volatility transmission in maize futures markets of major exporters
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Investment Analysts Journal • Authors: Ayesha Sayed --- Lecturer of Finance, School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa Christo Auret --- Head of Finance Division, School of Economic and Business Sciences, South AfricaThe United States, Brazil, Argentina and South Africa are the largest exporters of maize. This paper examines volatility transmission in maize futures listed on SAFEX, CBOT, MATBA (Argentina) and BMF (Brazil). Four multivariate GARCH models are employed to investigate the... -
Nitrogen Deficiency in Semi-Arid Kenya: Can Pigeonpea fix it?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: K. Kwena --- University of Nairobi, Kenya G. N. Karuku --- University of Nairobi, Kenya F. O. Ayuke --- University of Nairobi, Kenya A. O. Esilaba --- Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), KenyaFew studies have evaluated improved pigeonpea varieties developed and released in Kenya for soil fertility improvement and contribution to the productivity of cereal-based cropping systems prevalent in marginal areas. A study comprising field and greenhouse experiments was conducted between 2009... -
The effects of uncertainty on investor expectations and volatility in the South African white maize futures market
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Investment Analysts Journal • Authors: Christo Auret --- , South Africa Ayesha Sayed --- , South AfricaGiven the rapidly changing nature of financial markets, volatility indices often influence the trading behaviour of market participants, as they identify market patterns, predict market risk and gauge market sentiment. This paper examines the effects of uncertainty on the expectations... -
Adoption of maize varieties on smallholder farmers’ market participation in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: Abadi Teferi Alemaw --- , Ethiopia Alem Mezgebo Hailu --- , Ethiopia Shishay Teklay Kahsay --- , EthiopiaAgricultural technologies have been introduced to Ethiopia. Farmers adopt such technologies for bettering their livelihoods by increasing farm production. However, increasing production by itself may not necessarily enhance farmers’ livelihoods. Among other factors that can result in enhanced livelihoods, farmers... -
Influence of soil organic carbon, fertiliser management, and weeding regime on weed dynamics and maize productivity on sandy soils in eastern Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Justin Chipomho --- , Zimbabwe Cosmas Parwada --- , Zimbabwe Joyful T Rugare --- , Zimbabwe Stanford Mabasa --- , Zimbabwe Regis Chikowo --- , Zimbabwe Arnold B Mashingaidze --- , ZimbabweLabour bottlenecks and multiple operations at the start of a cropping season often result in inadequate early weed control and subsequent poor crop performance. Therefore, there is a need to establish management practices that provide the best opportunities for the... -
Weed species diversity and shifts in Conservation Agriculture-based crop rotation systems on the Highveld area of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Elbé Hugo --- , South Africa Maryke Craven --- , South Africa Andries A Nel --- , South AfricaThe occurrence and infestation levels of weed species are known to vary greatly within Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems as weed species will react differently to different habitats. Two on-farm CA trial sites, near Buffelsvallei and Viljoenskroon respectively, were established during... -
Soil fertility trends and management in Conservation Agriculture: a South African perspective
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: GP Nortjé --- , South Africa MC Laker --- , South AfricaConservation Agriculture (CA) is an integrated approach that consists of a suite of practices, namely no-till farming, cover crops, and crop rotation that includes at least three crops. In the global context, CA is implemented widely in South America (Argentina... -
Comparison of seed germination and vigour in low and high phytic acid maize synthetic populations and commercially available hybrids
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Mohammed A Elgorashi Bakhite --- , South Africa Nkanyiso J Sithole --- , South Africa Lembe S Magwaza --- , South Africa Alfred O Odindo --- , South Africa John Derera --- , South AfricaPlant breeders have focused on reducing phytic acid in maize seeds to improve grain nutritional quality. However, this could have negative effects on seed quality. The objective of this study was to compare seed performance of low and high phytic... -
Contribution of temperate germplasm to the performance of maize hybrids under stress and non-stress environments in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Sphiwokuhle Shandu --- , South Africa Edmore Gasura --- , Zimbabwe Kingstone Mashingaidze --- , South Africa John Derera --- , South AfricaIncreases in genetic gains are crucial to maize breeding programmes. The objectives of this study were to identify higher-yielding and stable maize hybrids across stress and non-stress environments, to identify representative test environments for testing and selection of superior maize... -
Influence of cropping sequences on labile carbon and phosphorus fractions in a wheat-based conservation agriculture system
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: NZ Sosibo --- , South Africa E Dube --- , South Africa P Muchaonyerwa --- , South Africa TJ Tsilo --- , South AfricaWhile conservation agriculture (CA) has largely been successful in many areas, some reports suggest that certain farmers have not realised the benefits they had hoped for, especially in Africa. The benefits of CA could depend on the cropping sequences involved... -
Drivers of youth participation in maize value addition in Gulu district, Uganda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: Martin Maku --- Gulu University, Uganda Enos Kitambo --- Gulu University, Uganda Basil Mugonola --- Gulu University, UgandaThis study focused on drivers of youth participation in maize value addition in Gulu district. The study identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the participating and non-participating youth and further ascertained the drivers of youth participation in maize value addition. A... -
Is the use of commercial organic ameliorants for cropping justified?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T C Baloyi --- ARC-Grain Crops, South Africa F R Kutu --- ARC-Grain Crops, South Africa C C du Preez --- University of the Free State, South AfricaLarge areas of soils in sub-Saharan Africa are poor in organic matter and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilisation is essential for cropping. Most farmers are smallholders who cannot afford NPK fertilisers but they could consider alternatives like commercial organic ameliorants.This applies also... -
Gender-disaggregated analysis of sustainable intensification practices adoption: A case of northern Ghana
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: Abdulai Adams --- SD. Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies, Ghana Emmanuel Tetteh Jumpah --- Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic Asaah Sumaila Mohammed --- CK. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, GhanaAgricultural productivity has remained low in Africa, especially among smallholder farmers. Women often suffer resource constraints and access to certain technologies needed to increase productivity relative to men. This study analyzes the effect of gender on the adoption of selected... -
Maize farmers’ perceptions of the use of agrochemicals and their impact on the environment: A case study of Iringa District Council, Tanzania
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: Caphlene Japhet Peter --- University of Dar es Salaam, Mkwawa University College of Education, Department of Geography and Economics, Tanzania Sospeter Jibunge Charles --- University of Dar es Salaam, Mkwawa University College of Education, Department of Geography and Economics, Tanzania Michael Elias Mgalula --- University of Dar es Salaam, Mkwawa University College of Education, Department of Geography and Economics, TanzaniaThis study examines farmers’ perceptions of agrochemical use in maize production and their harmful environmental effects. A convergent parallel mixed design was used to collect quantitative data from 254 respondents via structured interviews and qualitative data through in-depth interviews and... -
Investigation on the foraging ecology of black crowned cranes at Lake Tana, Ethiopia, in the context of climate change impacts
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: SA Zelelew --- Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia C Relton --- , South AfricaThere are significant gaps in understanding the food resources of the black crowned crane in the Lake Tana wetlands. This study examined macroinvertebrates in crane habitats, investigated the impact of rainfall on macroinvertebrates in relation to pollution tolerance, and identified...