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Fertilising Commercial Forest Species in Southern Africa: Research Progress and Problems (Part 1)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: M.A. Herbert --- , South Africa A. P.G. Schönau --- , South AfricaSince the inception of forest fertiliser research in Southern Africa in 1926, eight eucalypt, six pine and four acacia species have been tested, encompassing a wide range of sites in summer, winter and uniform rainfall areas. Marked deficiencies of P,... -
Influence of Soil Organic Matter Content on the Responsiveness of Eucalyptus grandis to Nitrogen Fertiliser
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: A.D. Noble --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa M.A. Herbert --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaIt is widely recognised that the inherent nitrogen (N) mineralisation capacity of a soil is directly related to the organic matter content. Consequently, in estimating the N requirements of Eucalyptus grandis at planting this mineralisation potential must be taken into... -
The Relationship between Soil Water Status, Rainfall and the Growth of Eucalyptus grandis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: D.I. Boden --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaAvailable soil water is recognised as the main factor influencing the growth of commercial plantations in southern Africa. This is of strategic importance as successive rotations of demanding species such as Eucalyptus grandis may be depleting the soil water reserves... -
In Vitro Propagation of Eucalyptus radiata
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: D. G.M. Donald --- Department of Forest Science, Republic of South Africa D.J. Newton --- Department of Forest Science, Republic of South AfricaIn vitro propagation of Eucalyptus radiata is described. Low rates of in vitro plant multiplication were achieved with most. tested E. radiata clones on Nitsch & Nitsch (1967) medium (NN-67), supplemented with indole butyric acid. (IBA), kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzyl... -
Comparison of Eucalyptus grandis Provenances and Seed Orchards in a Frost Frequent Environment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: D.L. Rockwood --- Department of Forestry, USA G.F. Meskimen --- , USAAn international provenance trial of Eucalyptus grandis was established in southern Florida in 1980 and measured for growth and frost-tolerance through 8,8 years. The trial compared 20 Australian provenances 1) among themselves and 2) with seed orchard stock from Florida... -
Effect of Initial Spacing and Thinning on Some Wood Properties of Eucalyptus grandis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: F.S. Malan --- Division of Forest Science and Technology, M. Hoon --- Division of Forest Science and Technology,A study was made of the effect of thinning intensity on wood density and some wood anatomical properties and their within-tree variation patterns, as well as the extent to which the development of growth-stress splits in logs and sawn boards... -
The Use of Roots to Test N, P and K Deficiencies in Eucalyptus Nutrition
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: John Dighton --- , HelenE. Jones --- ,Bioassays have been developed which can provide diagnostics of the nutritional status of trees. They measure the flux of N, P or Rb for K into roots from standard solutions where the rate of influx is inversely related to nutrient... -
Stimulation of Bud Production in Eucalyptus globulus by Paclobutrazol Application
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: S. Hetherington --- , K.M. Jones --- Department of Primary Industries New Town Research Laboratories, Australia T.B. Koen --- Department of Primary Industries New Town Research Laboratories, AustraliaTrunk injection of paclobutrazol (Clipper) significantly increased the bud crop on 7-year-old Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) seed orchard trees, within one year of application. This is the first reported stimulation of reproduction to occur, with eucalypts, in the season of application... -
Field Application of Carbosulfan for the Protection of Eucalypt Transplants from Termite Attack
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R. Mazodze --- , ZIMBABWEThree trials were set up to test five different field application rates of 10% carbosulfan to protect eucalypt transplants from termite attack. A standard nursery treatment was also included in the trials. -
Micropropagation of Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Using Explants from Mature and Coppice Material
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: S.H. Chang --- Department of Forestry, RSA D. G.M. Donald --- Department of Forestry, RSA G. Jacobs --- Department of Horticulture, RSANodes from young field-grown coppice regrowth and branches of a mature tree of Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata were cultured on a MS medium containing BA and NAA. BA at 0,5 mg/ℓ and NAA at 0,01-0,1 mg/ℓ were most effective in... -
The Effects of Phosphorus and Dolomitic Lime on the Production and Volumetrical Conversion Factors of Eucalyptus grandis Wood
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: S.V. Valeri --- , Brazil I.B. Aguiar --- , Brazil L. Corradini --- , Brazil S.F. Alvarenga --- , BrazilThe effects of phosphorus and dolomitic lime applications on the stacked wood volume, dry wood weight and form, bark and stacking factors of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden trees are presented. The rates of phosphorus (0 kg, 200 kg and... -
The Wood Properties and Qualities of Three South African-Grown Eucalypt Hybrids
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: F.S. Malan --- Division of Forest Science and Technology,Hybridisation is becoming an increasingly important technique in tree breeding to improve yields, adaptability and wood quality. In this study, sample material from crosses of Eucalyptus grandis with E. tereticornis, E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla established on sites of which... -
Depletion of nutrients in adjacent crop lands by Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Jiregna Gindaba --- Department of Horticultural Science, South Africa Andrey Rozanov --- Department of Soil Science, South Africa Legesse Negash --- Department of Biology, EthiopiaFine root distribution of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh and effects on soil fertility attributes were studied under field conditions in Badessa, Eastern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from inside the stand, edge of the stand and 10 m away from the... -
The effect of harvesting operations, slash management and fertilisation on the growth of a Eucalyptus clonal hybrid on a sandy soil in Zululand, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: ColinW Smith Ben du ToitHarvesting operations during clearfelling and extraction of timber from commercial plantations result in many processes that may affect long-term site productivity such as soil compaction and residue manipulation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of various... -
The present status of Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of the Eucalyptus snout beetle Gonipterus scutellatus, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: G. D. TribeThe egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Girault) was successfully introduced into South Africa in 1926 to control the Eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal. However, outbreaks of the beetle on the Highveld in the 1980s questioned the efficacy of the parasitoid... -
Kraft Pulping Properties of Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus grandis Grown in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. Muneri --- , AustraliaPulpwood samples from 8-year old Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus grandis plantations grown in Zimbabwe were evaluated for kraft pulping, bleaching and papermaking properties. The possibility of co-pulping the two species was also investigated. -
A Site-growth Study of Eucalyptus grandis in the Mpumalanga Escarpment Area
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.H. Louw --- ,A site-growth study was conducted on Eucalyptus grandis on the granitic soils of the Mpumalanga escarpment area. The objectives were twofold, namely to identify those site factors that can be related to the growth of the species, as well as... -
Fourteen Year Performance of Eucalyptus Species/Provenances, Casuarina equisetifolia, Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea at Michafutene, Mozambique
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: A.G. Mugasha --- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Tanzania P.A. Wate --- Centro de Experimentacao Florestal (CEF), S. A.O. Chamshama --- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, TanzaniaVariation in performance of several Eucalyptus species/provenances/land races, Casuarina equisetifolia, Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea was evaluated in two 14—year old trials planted at Michafutene, Mozambique. At the age of 6, 10, and 14 years, data were collected of survival,... -
Relationships between growth, mineral nutrition and site factors for Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh) planted in some communal areas of Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Abisai Mushaka --- Forest Research Centre, ZimbabweThe Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe has been implementing a Rural Afforestation Project since 1983. The main species promoted were the eucalypts, especially Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh). A survey of twenty-seven woodlots of E. camaldulensis with ages between I and 10 years... -
Nutrient levels of three Eucalyptus species/provenances, measured over four seasons in a trial along the sandy, dry, Cape West Coast of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: F. Ellis --- Faculty of Forestry, A. van Laar --- Faculty of Forestry,Foliage nutrient content of 3 to 6-year old Eucalyptus species/provenances (E. camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. grandis x E. tereticornis) were analysed for eleven elements over a four-year period. The trial was planted on three sites, adjacent to each other,... -
A review of site-growth studies in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.H. Louw --- ,The intensive nature of the South African forest industry requires reliable decision support systems to enhance site-specific silviculture. Furthermore, the principle of ecologically sustainable forest management requires a profound improvement in the understanding of the factors controlling tree growth and... -
The survival, growth and wood basic densities of 14 year old Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Michafutene, Mozambique
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: P.A. Wate --- Centro de Experimentacao Florestal (CEF), Mozambique S. A.O. Chamshama --- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry & Nature Conservation, Tanzania A.G. Mugasha --- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry & Nature Conservation, TanzaniaA species and provenance trial for Eucalyptus (11 Eucalyptus camaldulensis provenances and 1 Eucalyptus tereticornis) was established at Michafutene, Mozambique in March 1982. Data on survival, growth, yield, stem characteristics and wood basic density have been analysed. Assessments were done... -
Predicted and realized genetic gain in Eucalyptus grandis breeding seedling orchard in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: W.J. GapareResults are presented of a fourth generation breeding seedling orchard of Eucalyptus grandis Hill Maiden of 30 half-sib families. Measurements at one and half and five years were available. Analysis of one and half year data showed no significant differences... -
Water use efficiency in South African Eucalyptus plantations: A review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: PeterJ. Dye --- Faculty of Science and Agriculture,The relation between rainfall and Eucalyptus stem growth is investigated using data recorded at three ICFR espacement trials in kwaZulu-Natal. These data show that, for a given rainfall amount, large differences in stem growth may occur at different sites. The... -
Some Effects of Pruning on Growth and Timber Quality of Eucalyptus grandis in Zululand
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre, F.S. Malan --- , W.E. Conradle --- ,A pruning trial in Eucalyptus grandis with six pruning regimes and a control displayed negligible effects on growth rates. Recovery after removal of up to 50% of the live crown was rapid. Gains in knot-free timber were insignificantly small while... -
The Silvicultural Treatment of Eucalypt Plantations in Southern Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.J. Poynton --- Department of Water Affairs, Forestry and Environmental Conservation,Approximately 500 000 ha has been afforested in Southern Africa with Eucalyptus spp.—principally E. grandis—for the production of mining timber, pulpwood, rough building and fencing materials and fuel on a short rotation of 6 to 10 years, for telegraph and... -
Inbreeding Effects in Eucalyptus grandis in Relation to Degree of Relatedness
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: G. van Wyk --- Department of Water Affairs, Forestry and Environmental Conservation,Introductory remarks refer to the detrimental effects of selfing in E. grandis. How do other types of inbreeding such as the mating of half-sibs or full-sibs compare with out-crossed material? Results from two trials are presented comparing growth performance of... -
Application of a Factorial Design to a Thinning Experiment in Eucalyptus grandis, with Intermediate Results
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. P.G. Schönau --- , South AfricaThe background is given to the choice of experimental design for a thinning experiment in E. grandis. A 34 factorial experiment confounded in randomised incomplete blocks of nine units was preferred with thinning intensity, age of first thinning, interval between... -
Final Findings on the Response of Eucalyptus grandis to Fertilising at De Kaap, Eastern Transvaal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: M.A. Herbert --- , South Africa D.A. Jackson --- , South Africa R.Verloren van Themaat --- , South AfricaThe final results are presented of a pair of fertiliser experiments with a seedling crop of Ecucalyptus grandis on fully cultivated sites, one of which incorporated the application of dolomitic lime. Liming had a strong effect on the response of... -
Volume Regression Equations for Eucalyptus Grandis on the Coastal Plain of Zululand
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre,Separate volume regression equations for pulpwood, sawtimber and over-mature Eucalyptus grandis are presented. An investigation of Schumacher and Hall's volume equation indicated that a better fit may be obtained by adding a constant to the dbh as predictor variable. The... -
Rectangular Espacement Does Not Cause Stem Ellipticity in Eucalyptus grandis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: Brian Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre, Department of Environment Affairs,Eucalyptus grandis grown with varying degrees of rectangularity of growing space showed that stem ellipticity could not be attributed to proximity of nearest neighbours. Stem ellipticity was markedly orientated along wind directions prevailing in the Eastern Transvaal. Extreme rectangularity of... -
Relationship between Growth Rate and Foliar Concentrations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium for Eucalyptus grandis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. P.G. Schönau --- , Republic of South Africa M.A. Herbert --- , Republic of South AfricaThe growth responses to applications of N, P, K and lime are described briefly for four comprehensive fertiliser experiments with Eucalyptus grandis. Foliar concentrations of N, P and K were determined for these experiments, and their relationship to growth rate... -
The Response of Eucalyptus grandis to Fertilising with Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Dolomitic Lime on a Mispah Soil Series
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: M.A. Herbert --- , South AfricaThe final results are presented of a comprehensive N, P,K and dolomitic lime factorial experiment with Eucalyptus grandis planted on a fully cultivated Mispah soil series. On this marginal site, fertilising had a marked effect on the growth of E... -
Pre-commercial Thinning of Eucalyptus grandis for Mining Timber Production
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre, C.J. Schutz --- Natal Forestry Research Centre,Eucalyptus grandis was thinned before a commercial yield could be expected. in an attempt to narrow the distribution of diameters and so raise the proportion of timber within mining timber standards. It IS shown that a mid-rotation thinning will not... -
Predicting Growth of Eucalyptus grandis: A Worked Example
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre,A worked example demonstrates the simulation of growth patterns in unthinned stands of Eucalyptus grandis. It is shown how response to thinning can be deduced and projections of diameter and height growth can be made for sites differing in growth... -
Effects of Spacing and Age on Growth of Eucalyptus grandis on a Dry Zululand Site
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- ,The response of unthinned Eucalyptus grandis to initial stand density ranging from 25 to 6 670 stems per hectare up to 22 years of age is described using simple quadratic functions. This method resulted in distorted estimates of growth parameters... -
8. A Different Approach to Site Evaluation and Some Preliminary Results
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. P.G. Schönau --- , R.C. Purnell --- de Wet Forestry Research Centre,This paper describes a new approach towards site evaluation of exotic tree species which have a limited and non-representative occurrence. Instead of applying the classical site factor analysis and measuring a considerable number of sample plots of different ages at... -
The Effect of Nitroacta (Urea Formaldehyde) on the Growth and Development of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.F. Loxton D. G.M. DonaldA pot trial testing the effect of four rates of urea formaldehyde, applied in two forms, on the growth of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii is described. It is concluded that the eucalypt responded linearly to this slow-acting nitrogen source... -
Variation in Wood Properties of Eucalyptus nitens in a Provenance Trial on the Eastern Transvaal Highveld in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.C. Purnell --- D.R. de Wet Forestry Research Centre,Eucalyptus nitens is one of the four important cold-tolerant eucalypts grown for mining timber and pulpwood on the eastern Transvaal highveld in South Africa. In 1983 an active genetic improvement programme was initiated to improve growth rate, stem form and... -
Alternative eucalypt species for Zululand: Seven year results of site: species interaction trials in the region
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R A W Gardner --- , South AfricaThe ICFR initiated a search for alternative eucalypt species for the Zululand Coastal Plain region during 1992 by establishing a series ofsite: species interaction trials in the area. Sixteen pure species (seedlings), one E. grandis intra-specific clone and five inter-specific... -
Prospects of eucalypt species, including interspecific hybrids from South Africa, for hardwood plantations in marginal subtropical environments in Queensland, Australia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: D J Lee --- , D G Nikles --- , G R Dickinson --- ,In Australia, there has been rapid expansion in recent years of commercial plantations of hardwood timber species, especially of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. In tropical and sub-tropical Queensland the land most likely to be readily available for this planting is in... -
Interspecific hybrids in Zimbabwe: status review and future challenges
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: D.P. Gwaze --- , USASeveral F1 eucalypt and pine interspecific hybrids have been tested in Zimbabwe. The first hybrids tests were of pine species, and these were established in 1973. The results from these early tests were not spectacular and interest in hybrids was... -
Harvesting genetics for productive plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: S.D. Verryn --- Tree Improvement Business Area, Environmentek CSIR,Tree breeding has had significant impacts on the success of the South Mrica forest industry. Examples are cited for tree growth rate, where for instance, a mean genetic improvement of39% has been measured in F2 E.grandis over unimproved controls over... -
Genetic improvement of Eucalyptus grandis using breeding seedling orchards and multiple population breeding strategy in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: W. J. Gapare --- Forest Sciences Centre, Canada R. D. Barnes --- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom D. P. Gwaze --- Forest Science Laboratory, College Station, USA B. I. Nyoka --- Forest Research Centre, ZimbabweEucalyptus grandis is commercially important in Zimbabwe and a breeding program has been in progress since 1962. A classical breeding strategy was used initially but, in 1981, the Multiple Population Breeding Strategy (MPBS) was implemented and the concept of the... -
Site and stand analysis for growth prediction of Eucalyptus grandis on the Zululand coastal plain
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: M. du Plessis --- , J Zwolinski --- ,The integration of site information with that of tree growth is of special importance in Zululand, where sustainable supply of timber is essential for local processing and export commitments. Site prediction growth models need to be based on easily attainable... -
Effects of site management operations on the nutrient capital of a eucalypt plantation system in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Ben du Toit --- , South AfricaThe Karklo of Project is a case study ofthe effects ofintensive site management operations during the interrotational period, on (a) the nutrient capital of the system, and (b) the availability of growth resources (nutrients and water) in a commercial Eucalyptus... -
Early selection of Eucalyptus clones in retrospective nursery test using growth, morphological and dry matter criteria, in Republic of Congo
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Jean-Marc Bouvet --- , France Philippe Vigneron --- , France Rachel-Aubain Saya --- , République du Congo Raphaël Gouma --- , République du CongoWithin the framework of the eucalyptus breeding programme in the Congo, two retrospective tests were conducted using mature clones in the field and young cuttings under nursery conditions with two hybrids: 13 clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis* Eucalyptus grandis for the... -
Modelling maximum canopy conductance and transpiration in Eucalyptus grandis stands not subjected to soil water deficits
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J. M. Campion --- , Republic of South Africa P.J. Dye --- Environmentek, CSIR, c/o Agrometeorology, Republic of South Africa M.C. Scholes --- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Republic of South AfricaThere is much current interest in predicting the maximum amount of water that can be transpired by Eucalyptus trees. It is possible that industrial waste water may be applied as irrigation water to eucalypts and it is important to predict... -
Cold tolerant eucalypts in South Africa—Growth information for informed site-species matching in SA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: T.L. Swain --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, Africa R.A.W. Gardner --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, AfricaSite-species matching is very important in managing the various limiting site and climatic factors in the more temperate forestry areas in South Africa. Information has been gathered from ICFR site-species interaction trials and provenance/progeny trials and summarised into a format... -
Relative success of self and outcross pollen after mixed- and single-donor pollinations in Eucalyptus grandis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: TN Horsley --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South Africa SD Johnson --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South AfricaA previous observation that self-pollen tubes traversed the style at a slower rate than cross-pollen tubes in Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla suggested the presence of cryptic self-incompatibility (CSI) in these species. The aim of the present study was, with... -
Insights from full-rotation Nelder spacing trials with Eucalyptus in São Paulo, Brazil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: JL Stape --- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, USA D Binkley --- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, USAThe choice of spacing among trees for operational plantations is typically based on one or more experimental plantations that test for the response of tree and stand growth to a range of tree-to-tree distances. The most common design for spacing... -
Rapid estimation of kraft pulp yield and lignin in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Leucaena leucocephala by diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: P Ramadevi --- , India R Meder --- , Australia M Varghese --- , IndiaNear-infrared spectroscopy has been used to develop calibration models for the rapid determination of kraft pulp yield (KPY) and lignin in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Leucaena leucocephala. The correlation coefficient for cross-validation is 0.90 for KPY and 0.95 for lignin prediction,... -
Susceptibility of Corymbia species and hybrids to arthropod herbivory inAustralian subtropical hardwood plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: HF Nahrung --- Agri-Science Queensland, Australia R Waugh --- Agri-Science Queensland, Australia DJ Lee --- Agri-Science Queensland, Australia SA Lawson --- Agri-Science Queensland, AustraliaCorymbia hybrids are becoming significant plantation varieties in subtropical and tropical Australian plantation forestry. Although primarily developed for disease resistance and amenability to clonal propagation, they have also proven to have good growth rates and site plasticity. Here we examined... -
A technique to identify annual growth rings in Eucalyptus grandis usingannual measurements of diameter at breast height and gamma raydensitometry
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: S Naidoo --- , South Africa F Ahmed --- , South Africa NW Pammenter --- , South Africa A Zboňák --- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, AustraliaMany eucalypt species do not show distinct growth rings because cambial activity does not show a strong response to seasonal variation in climate. Eucalyptus grandis, one of the most important commercial hardwood species in South Africa, is one such example... -
Growth and yield models for Eucalyptus grandis grown in Swaziland
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: M du Plessis --- , South Africa H Kotze --- , South AfricaThe aim of this study was to develop a stand-level growth and yield model for short-rotation Eucalyptus grandis grown for pulp wood production at Piggs Peak in Swaziland. The data were derived from a Nelder 1a spacing trial established with... -
Vermicompost leachate improves seedling emergence and vigour of aged seeds of commercially grown Eucalyptus species
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: LS Kandari --- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South Africa MG Kulkarni --- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South Africa J van Staden --- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South AfricaVermicompost leachate (VCL) is a liquid generated by earthworms and microorganisms during the conversion of organic matter into vermicompost. Vermicompost leachate is rich in nutrients and believed to contain both known and unknown plant growth substances, which are beneficial to... -
A single dominant Ganoderma species is responsible for root rot of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus in Sumatra
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MPA Coetzee --- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South Africa BD Wingfield --- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South Africa GD Golani --- , Indonesia B Tjahjono --- , Indonesia A Gafur --- , Indonesia MJ Wingfield --- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South AfricaGanoderma root rot is the most serious disease affecting commercially planted Acacia mangium in plantations in Indonesia. Numerous Ganoderma spp. have been recorded from diseased trees of this species and to a lesser extent Eucalyptus, causing confusion regarding the primary... -
Measurement of cellulose content, Kraft pulp yield and basic density in eucalypt woodmeal using multisite and multispecies near infra-red spectroscopic calibrations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: GM Downes --- , Australia R Meder --- , Australia H Bond --- , Australia N Ebdon --- , Australia C Hicks --- , Australia C Harwood --- , AustraliaPrevious descriptions of multisite and multispecies near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopic calibrations for predicting cellulose content (CC) and Kraft pulp yield (KPY) in eucalypt woodmeal demonstrated that large, single calibrations provide precise predictions for a wide range of sites and species... -
Biomass harvesting in Eucalyptus plantations in Western Australia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MR Ghaffariyan --- CRC for Forestry, Australia M Brown --- CRC for Forestry, Australia M Acuna --- CRC for Forestry, Australia J Sessions --- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, USA M Kuehmaier --- Institute of Forest Engineering, Austria J Wiedemann --- CRC for Forestry, AustraliaAustralia is at an early stage of exploring the use of forest biomass to generate energy. This study evaluated the biomass yield and the productivity rates of equipment for harvesting biomass in a poor-quality eucalypt plantation. The operation consisted of... -
Nutrient fluxes in rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in Eucalyptus stands on the Zululand coastal plain, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: SB Dovey --- , South Africa B du Toit --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa W de Clercq --- Department of Soil Science, South AfricaAtmospheric deposition was assessed at two sites over a four-year period in post-canopy-closure (mature) Eucalyptus stands in the northern Dukuduku and southern KwaMbonambi commercial plantation forestry areas of Zululand, South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the... -
Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus spp.: current status and future perspectives
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Glória Pinto --- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Portugal Clara Araújo --- Altri Florestal SA, Portugal Conceição Santos --- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Portugal Lucinda Neves --- Altri Florestal SA, PortugalForest tree improvement programs benefit from the emergence of new biotechnological strategies that complement plant developmental biology and discovery of genes associated with complex multigenic traits. Recently, significant progress has been made in the area of plant regeneration via somatic... -
Stomatal characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrids in response to water stress
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: AlanaB Eksteen --- School of Life Sciences, South Africa Valerie Grzeskowiak --- Sappi Forests, South Africa NickyB Jones --- Sappi Forests, South Africa NormanW Pammenter --- School of Life Sciences, South AfricaThis study describes the stomatal response occurring during water stress and subsequent recovery of three Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrids. The aim was to investigate the degree to which stomatal conductance (g s) and stomatal density differ between the clonal hybrids... -
Growth response at age 10 years of five Eucalyptus genotypes planted at three densities on a drought-prone site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jacob Crous --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Louisa Burger --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Giovanni Sale --- Sappi Forests, South AfricaSouth Africa's climate is characterised by the occurrence of regular droughts. An assessment of drought mortality in KwaZulu-Natal during 1999 could not provide accurate information regarding the effect of species or planting density on mortality because of confounding species-site allocations... -
Growth potential of Eucalyptus cypellocarpa as an alternative species for the mid-altitude summer rainfall region of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Christopher Komakech --- Forestry and Forestry Products, South Africa Tammy-L Swain --- , South Africa Annabel Fossey --- Biotechnology, South AfricaEucalyptus grandis is predominantly cultivated in the humid, warmer temperate, subtropical regions in South Africa for pulp and paper production because of its rapid growth and desirable wood properties. With forestry expanding into mid-altitude drier and warmer, or drier and... -
Genetic characterisation of a Eucalyptus nitens base breeding population in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Tammy-L Swain --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa SteveD Verryn --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa MarkD Laing --- School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaThe measurement and statistical analysis of data from eight Eucalyptus nitens trials, established in the summer rainfall forestry region of South Africa during the 1980s and 1990s, have enabled the characterisation of the Institute for Commercial Forestry Research's breeding population... -
Growth potential of Eucalyptus globulus subsp. bicostata provenances for the mid-altitude summer rainfall regions of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Komakech T Swain A FosseyEucalyptus grandis is cultivated extensively in the humid, warmer temperate and subtropical regions in South Africa. With forestry expanding into mid-altitude drier and warmer, or drier and colder, sites the search to identify reasonably well-performing species/provenances for such 'low productivity'... -
Growth responses of Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens to pruning and fertiliser treatments in a plantation managed for solid-wood products
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: D Wiseman E Pinkard T Wardlaw C Mohammed M Hall C BeadleThe responses of Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens to pruning (removal of 0 or 60% of the green crown depth) in two lifts and nitrogen (N) fertiliser application (0 [N0], 100 [N1], 300 [N3] and 500 [N5] kg N ha–1)... -
The influence of tree improvement and cultural practices on the productivity of Eucalyptus plantations in temperate South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: GR Boreham RN PallettThe South African forestry industry is dependent on a resource of fast-growing, low-cost wood to remain globally competitive. Land availability and the legislative requirements for afforestation in South Africa are limiting factors for future growth and therefore increasing the productivity... -
Genetic control of wood density and bark thickness, and their correlations with diameter, in pure and hybrid populations of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: ECL Retief TK StangerTree diameter under and over bark at breast height (dbh), wood density and bark thickness were assessed on samples from control-pollinated families of Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla, E. grandis × E. urophylla and E. urophylla × E. grandis. The material... -
Developing and evaluating a multisite and multispecies NIR calibration for the prediction of Kraft pulp yield in eucalypts
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: GM Downes R Meder C Hicks N EbdonOver recent years the application of near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy to the prediction of wood properties has been demonstrated in many proof-of-concept studies. Previous work has demonstrated that NIR measurements can be used to predict basic density from woodmeal, chainsaw... -
Cryopreservation as a tool for the conservation of Eucalyptus genetic variability: concepts and challenges
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: K Padayachee MP Watt N Edwards DJ MycockAn essential criterion of Eucalyptus tree breeding programmes employed by the commercial forestry sector is the maintenance of potentially important species and genotypes for periods commensurate with field testing. Current methods for this purpose include conservation stands, clonal hedges and... -
Individual tree growth differences in a clonal eucalypt blanking trial at four years
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: RN Pallett TL MachakaAchieving a well-stocked stand at time of planting is important to compartment productivity and yield in clonal eucalypt stands for pulpwood production. The window period in which individuals that replace those that died after initial planting (blanks) still contribute meaningfully... -
A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infect Eucalyptus in native and non-native environments
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: B Slippers T Burgess D Pavlic R Ahumada H Maleme S Mohali C Rodas MJ WingfieldThe Botryosphaeriaceae cause endophytic infections of leaves and bark of various trees, including Eucalyptus, and they apparently persist in this state for extended periods of time. Under conditions of stress, these fungi cause many different disease symptoms on Eucalyptus, of... -
Reproductive biology of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata and effective pollination across its native range in Queensland, Australia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: CFE Bacles J Brooks DJ Lee PM Schenk AJ Lowe A KremerThe spotted gum species complex represents a group of four eucalypt hardwood taxa that have a native range that spans the east coast of Australia, with a morphological cline from Victoria to northern Queensland. Of this group, Corymbia citriodora subsp... -
Genetic parameters of pure and hybrid populations of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla and implications for hybrid breeding strategy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: ECL Retief TK StangerIn order to review Sappi Forests' breeding strategy for E. urophylla × E. grandis hybrids, information is required regarding the genetic control of certain traits and the correlations between them. A hybrid seedling progeny trial was planted, comprising material generated... -
A comparison of deterministically predicted genetic gains with those realised in a South African Eucalyptus grandis breeding program
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: SD Verryn CL Snedden KA EatwellTree breeders attempt to predict the genetic gains that are likely to be achieved through selection and breeding of new generations, using stochastic or deterministic modelling. There are many factors that may cause a discrepancy between the predicted and realised... -
Damage to foliage and stems caused by fungal pathogens in young eucalypt plantations in Zambia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: A Muimba-Kankolongo --- School of Natural Resources, Zambia IN Nawa --- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zambia J Roux --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa P Ng'andwe --- School of Natural Resources, ZambiaPlantations consisting of non-native tree species were established on the Copperbelt of Zambia to supplement timber supply from natural forests and to meet the increasing demand of round wood and fuel wood for the copper mines. In early 2004, a... -
Estimating biomass and macronutrient content of some commercially important plantation species in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: SB Dovey --- , South AfricaThe removal of biomass, in any combination of stemwood, bark or branch harvesting, can cause a significant increase in nutrient loss from commercial timber plantations. Ensuring long-term site productivity of forest plantations is a key issue for forestry management. Managers... -
Productivity gains by fertilisation in Eucalyptus urophylla clonal plantations across gradients in site and stand conditions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: JM de Aguiar Ferreira --- , Brazil JL Stape --- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, USANutrition management in Eucalyptus plantations is fundamental for sustaining high production. Fertilisation is routinely used to improve tree nutrition, providing profitable returns on large investments. Growth responses to fertilisation differ dramatically among sites, however, so efficient investment decisions in fertilisation... -
Analysis of differences in field performance of vegetatively and seed-propagated Eucalyptus varieties I: survival and leaf gas exchange
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MEO Mokotedi --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, South Africa MP Watt --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, South Africa NW Pammenter --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, South AfricaThe aim of this study was to compare survival rates and leaf gas exchange of micro- and macro-propagated Eucalyptus grandis × E. nitens, and seed-propagated E. grandis and E. nitens, at a site in Hilton, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where the... -
The effect of cutting length on the rooting and growth of subtropical Eucalyptus hybrid clones in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: RD Naidu --- , South Africa NB Jones --- , South AfricaThe length of a cutting can affect both the rooting and plug colonisation of container-grown stock. Using hedges from conventional clonebanks established in the ground, four cutting length treatments (13, 10, 8 and 5 cm) were tested using five Eucalyptus... -
Performance of exotic tree species planted for poverty alleviation in Lesotho
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MM Pama J ZwolinskiThe people of Lesotho are among the poorest in the southern African region. The country is located in the Drakensberg mountains where winters are bitterly cold. Rural communities depend on woodfuels and cow dung for heating and cooking. Since the... -
Potential impacts of climate change on the climatically suitable growth areas of Pinus and Eucalyptus: results from a sensitivity study in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: ML Warburton RE SchulzeGlobal average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.74 °C over the most recent 100-year period. At a regional level in South Africa, detectable changes in both the rainfall and temperature patterns have occurred in the past 50 years. Climate... -
Solid-wood production from temperate eucalypt plantations: a Tasmanian case study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Beadle P Volker T Bird C Mohammed K Barry L Pinkard D Wiseman C Harwood R Washusen T Wardlaw G NolanSince 1988, there has been a major focus in Tasmania on research for the management of temperate eucalypt plantations for solid wood. This coincided with the formal transfer of large areas of native forest that had previously been part of... -
Clonal differences in log end splitting in Eucalyptus grandis in relation to age, parent performance, growth rate and wood density in two even-aged trials in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: FS MalanThis paper discusses the juvenile–mature correlation of log end splitting among Eucalyptus grandis clones from two trials and how differences in splitting relate to differences in wood density, pith-to-bark gradient and growth rate. Two approximately 20-year-old Eucalyptus grandis clonal trials... -
Forest and fibre genomics: biotechnology tools for applied tree improvement
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: A Myburg J Bradfield E Cowley N Creux M de Castro T-L Hatherell M Mphahlele M O'Neill M Ranik L Solomon M Victor H Zhou G Galloway T Horsley N Jones T Stanger A Bayley N Edwards B JanseEucalyptus tree breeders and geneticists stand to benefit tremendously from a recently announced effort to produce the first complete genome sequence for a eucalypt tree by 2010. A milestone for eucalypt research, the project will facilitate the development of new... -
Advances in reproductive biology and seed production systems of Eucalyptus: the case of Eucalyptus globulus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: BM Potts MH McGowen DR Williams S Suitor TH Jones PL Gore RE VaillancourtEucalyptus globulus is the main eucalypt species grown in Australian plantations. The focus on seedling deployment systems, coupled with exploitation of large, open-pollinated base populations for breeding purposes over the last two decades, has required a detailed understanding of the... -
Understanding and adding value to Eucalyptus fibre
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: CRE Clarke B Palmer D GoundenEucalyptus wood has become one of the most important hardwood resources for pulp mills worldwide. Furthermore, bleached Eucalyptus pulp is used extensively both in paper-making globally where it is included in such diverse products as tissue, packaging, as well as... -
Energy, chemicals and carbon: future options for the Eucalyptus value chain
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: S ChristieThis paper examines the current Eucalyptus value chain and the possible drivers that may impact upon it. The potential consequences of climate change on the growth and yield of Eucalyptus are discussed and the impact of the security of oil... -
Perspectives on genome mapping and marker-assisted breeding of eucalypts
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: D GrattapagliaIn Eucalyptus and forest tree breeding in general, the generalised application of molecular markers for directional selection is still an unfulfilled promise. In highly heterogeneous eucalypts, while conventional quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping has revealed useful markers that are currently... -
Realising the benefit of research in eucalypt plantation management
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: AR MorrisThe development of a plantation eucalypt wood-based forest products industry in South Africa is outlined. Forest research that has contributed to increasing wood production from the ultimately finite land resource available for industrial plantations is reviewed. The application of this... -
Difference in shade tolerance affects foliage–sapwood response to thinning by two eucalypts
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Rui Ling Yao --- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute, China Kevin Glencross --- Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry and Forestry Program, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Australia J Doland Nichols --- Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry and Forestry Program, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, AustraliaIn eucalypt plantations in subtropical Australia, Eucalyptus dunnii exhibits greater diameter increment after thinning than more shade-tolerant Corymbia citriodora. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this difference, we investigated relationships between tree leaf area and sapwood area following thinning in 11-year-old... -
Three new and important insect pests recorded for the first time in Colombian plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Carlos A Rodas --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Rubén Serna --- Universidad Nacional de Medellín, Colombia Brett P Hurley --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Maria D Bolaños --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Ginna M Granados --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Michael J Wingfield --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaSubsequent to 1950, commercially propagated and non-native trees, including Pinus, Eucalyptus and Cupressus species in Colombian plantations, have been damaged by several native defoliating insects, residing mainly in the Lepidoptera (Geometridae), Phasmatodea (Heteronemiidae) and the Hymenoptera (Formicidae). We report on... -
Growth models for six Eucalyptus species in Angola
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Cristobal Delgado-Matas --- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Angola Timo Pukkala --- Faculty of Science and Forestry, FinlandThis study developed growth models for Eucalyptus saligna Sm., E. camaldulensis Dehnh., E. macarthurii H.Deane & Maiden, E. resinifera Sm., E. siderophloia Benth. and E. grandis Hill ex. Maiden, for the central highlands of Angola, and used these models to... -
A tool for identifying potential Eucalyptus nitens seed orchard sites based on climate and topography
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Ilaria Germishuizen --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Robin AW Gardner --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaShy seed production in orchards of Eucalyptus nitens is a major barrier to the deployment of genetic gain in South African plantations. A machine learning method was used to identify optimal sites for the establishment of E. nitens seed orchards... -
Productivity and cost of whole‑tree harvesting without debarking in a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in Tasmania, Australia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Martin Strandgard --- University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Damian Walsh --- University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Rick Mitchell --- University of the Sunshine Coast, AustraliaThere is increasing interest worldwide in using tree harvesting biomass as an energy source. Bark retained on logs is commonly used as an energy source, but is generally removed from eucalypt logs during harvest. In order to evaluate the potential... -
Assessing the utility of ALOS PALSAR and SPOT 4 to predict timber volumes in even-aged Eucalyptus plantations located in Zululand, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Riyad Ismail --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Horst Kassier --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Morries Chauke --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Francesco Holecz --- Sarmap SA, Switzerland Nico Hattingh --- Sappi Forests, South AfricaIn commercial forestry, regular terrestrial enumerations of the growing stock are required for the valuation, sustain-able management and planning of current and future timber supplies. In this study we examined whether the combination of synthetic aperture radar (ALOS PALSAR) and... -
Biomass equations for selected drought-tolerant eucalypts in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Darius Phiri --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Pierre Ackerman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Brand Wessels --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Ben du Toit --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Marie Johansson --- Department of Building Technology, Sweden Harald Säll --- Department for Forestry and Wood Technology, Sweden Sven-Olof Lundqvist --- Wood and Fibre Measurement Laboratory, Innventia AB, Sweden Thomas Seifert --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaIn the water-scarce environment of South Africa, drought-tolerant eucalypt species have the potential to contribute to the timber and biomass resource. Biomass functions are a necessary prerequisite to predict yield and carbon sequestration. In this study preliminary biomass models for... -
A comparison of planting and coppice regeneration of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jacob W Crous --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Louisa Burger --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaResults from two coppice compared to replant trials are presented that originated from clone by site interaction (CSI) trials established on high‑ and low‑productivity sites in subtropical coastal KwaZulu‑Natal, South Africa. After the 84‑month CSI trial measurements were completed the... -
Fibre losses during debranching and debarking of Eucalyptus pulp logs using a single-grip harvester
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jaco-Pierre van der Merwe --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Reino Pulkki --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Pierre Ackerman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaMechanised harvesting operations are becoming more prevalent in South Africa, with the realisation that motor- manual and manual harvesting operations pose significant health and safety risks to workers. However, the potential damage caused by single-grip harvester feed rollers and delimbing... -
Using synergistic exogenous phytohormones to enhance somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of a Eucalyptus grandis clone
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Muhammad Nakhooda --- Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, South Africa Eshani Mandiri --- School of Life Sciences, South AfricaSomatic embryogenesis (SE) in Eucalyptus spp. has been limited to germinated seeds, flowers, lignotubers or zygotic embryos. The low yield of somatic embryos from leaf explants has hampered progress, even though leaves offer a more viable source of clonal explants... -
Monitoring eucalypt bud temperature using mobile temperature loggers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Robin AW Gardner --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Michael J Savage --- Agrometeorology Discipline, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Isa Bertling --- Horticultural Science Discipline, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaWinter chilling is a key environmental trigger of floral induction in temperate Eucalyptus. Over the past two decades, considerable site × eucalypt flowering interaction research has been undertaken over a range of high elevation (>1 100 m asl) forestry sites in... -
Product diversification in South Africa’s commercial timber plantations: a way to mitigate investment risk
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Verena C Griess --- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, Canada Britta Uhde --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Cori Ham --- Institute of Forest Management, Germany Thomas Seifert --- Institute of Forest Management, GermanyWe used the portfolio method to examine how a forest company can lower investment risk by producing a mix of timber products. We derived optimum combinations of pine (Pinus patula) saw timber production and eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) pulpwood production at... -
The impact of mechanical log surface damage on chip size uniformity during debranching and debarking Eucalyptus pulpwood logs using a single-grip harvester
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jaco-Pierre van der Merwe --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Pierre Ackerman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Reino Pulkki --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Dirk Längin --- , South AfricaMechanised harvesting operations are becoming more prevalent in South Africa with the realisation that motormanual and manual harvesting operations pose significant health and safety risks to workers. The damage inflicted by single-grip harvester feed rollers and delimbing knives on log... -
The economics of the carbon sequestration potential of plantation forestry in south-western Uganda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Isaac Kiyingi --- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Uganda Abdi-Khalil Edriss --- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Faculty of Development Studies, Malawi Alexander MR Phiri --- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Faculty of Development Studies, Malawi Buyinza Mukadasi --- School of Postgraduate Studies, Uganda Susan Tumwebaze --- School of Forestry, Environment and Geographical Sciences, Uganda Hillary Agaba --- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, UgandaThis study assessed the amount of carbon stored and the economic viability of the small-scale Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon offsets in Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus grandis plantations under varying rotations. Volume equations were used to estimate carbon stocks and... -
Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic gains for growth traits of two Eucalyptus urophylla populations in Zululand, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Gert J van den Berg --- Mondi Forests (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Steven D Verryn --- Creation Breeding Innovations cc, South Africa Paxie W Chirwa --- School of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, South Africa Francois van Deventer --- Mondi Forests (Pty) Ltd, South AfricaIn South Africa, Eucalyptus urophylla is an important species due to its disease tolerance to fungal diseases such as Crysoporthe austroafricana and the Coniothyrium sp. cankers. It is mainly planted as a parental species in a hybrid combination with E... -
The use of glyphosate for the management of secondary coppice regrowth in a Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla coppice stand in Zululand, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jonathan C Roberts --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa Keith M Little --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa Marnie E Light --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaIn South Africa, commercial eucalypt stands may be regenerated through the stepwise reduction of coppice shoots following felling. The development of secondary coppice regrowth following these reduction operations results in competition with the remaining stems, possibly resulting in a reduction... -
Modelling growth behaviour in monoculture in subtropical eastern Australia of two eucalypt species that differ in shade tolerance
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Philip W West --- Forest Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Australia Kevin Glencross --- Forest Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Australia J Doland Nichols --- Forest Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, AustraliaGrowth behaviour of the relatively shade-intolerant species Eucalyptus dunnii and the rather more shade-tolerant Corymbia citriodora was considered during several growth periods over 8–14 years of age in experimental plantation monoculture in subtropical New South Wales. Larger trees dominated growth... -
The annual pattern of sap flow in two Eucalyptus species established in the vicinity of gold-mine tailings dams in central South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Peter Dye --- Ecological Engineering and Phytotechnology Programme, Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Alistair Clulow --- Agrometeorology, South Africa Eric Prinsloo --- CSIR, Built Environment, South Africa Vivek Naiken --- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, c/o Agrometeorology, South Africa Isabel Weiersbye --- Ecological Engineering and Phytotechnology Programme, Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaSeveral hundred mine tailings dams occur in the Witwatersrand Basin Goldfields in central South Africa. Seepage of acid mine drainage (AMD) from these unlined structures is widespread, and a variety of contaminants is released into soil and groundwater. The ‘Mine... -
Relative performance of coppice versus seedlings of 16 eucalypt taxa over two rotations in northern coastal Zululand, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: KM Little --- , South Africa RAW Gardner --- , South AfricaFrom the 1980s, Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis (GC) and E. grandis × E. urophylla (GU) were planted as alternatives to E. grandis for improved productivity in the Zululand coastal regions of South Africa. Although these hybrid combinations provided a... -
Growing common plantation tree species in Kenya for sale of carbon and wood supply: what is the best bet?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Vincent Oeba --- African Forest Forum, c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kenya Larwanou Mahamane --- African Forest Forum, c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kenya Samuel CJ Otor --- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, Kenya James B Kung’u --- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, Kenya Muchiri N Mbae --- Kenya Forestry Research Institute, KenyaThe introduction of carbon finance as an incentive in forestry farming has a potential of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered. However, this has created a daunting task among investors in forestry to optimise the joint production of wood and... -
Investigating the environmental adaptability of promising subtropical and cold-tolerant eucalypt species in the warm temperate climate zone of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: RAW GardnerDuring 2001, a series of four site-species interaction trials was established by the ICFR (Institute for Commercial Forestry Research) in the warm temperate climate zone of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (mean annual temperature (MAT) range 16–19°C), to investigate the relative growth... -
Developmental rates and morphological properties of fibres in two eucalypt clones at sites differing in water availability
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: DM Drew NW PammenterOne of the ways in which the global forestry industry can remain competitive is to improve the predictability of properties of fibres produced, particularly in plantations. Since the properties of the fibres are determined by growth and developmental processes, it... -
Broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities in a South African cloned open-pollinated Eucalyptus grandis breeding population
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: CL Snedden CZ Roux SD VerrynGenetic variances and heritabilities of a 66-month old cloned Eucalyptus grandis breeding population of families, derived from open-pollinated selections, were estimated. The genetic variance for the growth traits was largely additive genetic variance, whereas the proportion of non-additive genetic variance... -
Diagnosing foliar nutrient dynamics of Eucalyptus grandis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using optimal element ratios and the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: JM Campion MC ScholesFertilisation is one of the most cost-effective methods of increasing and maintaining the productivity of Eucalyptus grandis plantations in South Africa. This silvicultural practice can be optimised by using the foliar nutrient ratios measured in plants at maximum growth as... -
Predicting Mycosphaerella leaf disease severity in a Eucalyptus globulus plantation using digital multi-spectral imagery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: E Pietrzykowski N Sims C Stone L Pinkard C MohammedDigital remote sensing is rapidly developing into an operational tool for forest health assessment at a range of scales. A key aspect of this development is the derivation of models relating spectral data contained in the images to the extent... -
Comparison of wood, fibre and vessel properties of drought-tolerant eucalypts in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Sven-Olof Lundqvist --- Innventia AB, Sweden Thomas Grahn --- Innventia AB, Sweden Lars Olsson --- Innventia AB, Sweden Thomas Seifert --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaThree drought-tolerant eucalypt genotypes have been investigated for a broad spectrum of properties to provide a basis for comparison on their suitability for various end-uses. The genotypes included were a Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis hybrid, E. gomphocephala and E... -
Survival and long-term growth of eucalypts on semi-arid sites in a Mediterranean climate, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Ben du Toit --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Gideon F Malherbe --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Anton Kunneke --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Thomas Seifert --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa C Brand Wessels --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaFour experiments were established on the semi-arid west coast plain of South Africa during the 1990s. The trails tested the survival and growth of several eucalypt species and hybrids, some of which were established in a climate that is drier... -
Genetic parameters and genotype by environment interaction of Eucalyptus grandis populations used in intraspecific hybrid production in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Gert J van den Berg --- Mondi Forests (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Steven D Verryn --- , South Africa Paxie W Chirwa --- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, South Africa Francois van Deventer --- Mondi Forests (Pty) Ltd, South AfricaIn South Africa, Eucalyptus grandis is an important species due to its fast growth and general suitability of its timber for a range of products. However, E. grandis is susceptible to fungal diseases such as Crysoporthe austroafricana and Coniothyrium sp... -
Realised genetic gains and estimated genetic parameters of two Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid breeding strategies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Gert J van den Berg --- Mondi Forests (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Steven D Verryn --- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, South Africa Paxie W Chirwa --- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, South Africa Francois van Deventer --- Mondi Forests (Pty) Ltd, South AfricaConventionally, Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla (GU) hybrid material is first tested as seedlings in progeny trials for at least four years before ortets are selected and ramets of the selected ortets are propagated to test in clonal trials. The... -
Harvesting and extraction impacts on Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla coppicing potential and rotation-end volume in Zululand, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Kylle Schwegman --- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Keith M Little --- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Andrew McEwan --- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Simon A Ackerman --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaFrom the early 2000s there has been a general shift in South Africa in harvesting and extraction systems from the use of semi- to fully-mechanised systems. Any increase in mechanisation, as is occurring in Zululand, will need to take into... -
The impact of log surface damage caused by harvester Eucalyptus debarking on pulp value recovery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jaco-Pierre van der Merwe --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Reino Pulkki --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Pierre Ackerman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Dirk Längin --- Mondi Ltd, South AfricaMechanised harvesting operations are growing in popularity in South Africa, as motor-manual and manual harvesting operations pose significant health and safety risks to workers. Potential damage inflicted by single-grip harvester feed rollers and delimbing knives on the log surface during... -
Alternative eucalypts for commercial pulpwood production at moderately dry sites in the warm temperate zone of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Robin AW Gardner --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Keith M Little --- School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Arnulf Kanzler --- Sappi Forest Research, South Africa Thimagren N Naidoo --- Sappi Forest Research, South AfricaDuring 2001, a series of four site–taxa interaction trials was established in the warm temperate (mean annual temperature range 16–19 °C) forestry climatic zone of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The main objective was to investigate the commercial forestry potential of... -
First record of Quadrastichus mendeli, a parasitoid of Leptocybe invasa, in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Samantha J Bush --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Gudrun Dittrich-Schröder --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Stefan Neser --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Caitlin Gevers --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Kwabena O Baffoe --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Bernard Slippers --- Department of Genetics, South Africa Brett P Hurley --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaLeptocybe invasa, the blue gum chalcid, is a well-known pest of Eucalyptus globally. Since it was first observed in the Mediterranean and Middle East in 2000, it has spread to other countries where Eucalyptus have been planted. Efforts to control... -
Rotation-end financial performance of vegetation control on Eucalyptus smithii in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Keith M Little --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa Anssi Ahtikoski --- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finland Andrew R Morris --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaControl of competing vegetation during eucalypt regeneration is important but the cost-benefit of varying levels of control is not well understood. A trial was initiated to quantify the impact of five vegetation control treatments on Eucalyptus smithii R.T.Baker. to determine... -
A comparison of the cost-effectiveness of different eucalypt cut-stump control management options to reduce competition from coppice regrowth during stand establishment in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Jonathan C Roberts --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa Keith M Little --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa Marnie E Light --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaSelected cut-stump (Cut_surface) and basal frill (Basal_frill) treatments were tested on Eucalyptus macarthurii cut stumps that had previously been coppiced multiple times. Treatments included the application of herbicide (triclopyr as an amine salt, 360 g L−1), either to the cut-surface... -
Factors influencing the production of structural plywood in Tasmania, Australia from Eucalyptus nitens rotary peeled veneer
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: David Blackburn --- Centre for Sustainable Architecture with Wood, School of Architecture and Design, Australia Mario Vega --- Centre for Sustainable Architecture with Wood, School of Architecture and Design, Australia Robert Yong --- Ta Ann Tasmania Pty Ltd, Australia Donovan Britton --- Ta Ann Tasmania Pty Ltd, Australia Gregory Nolan --- Centre for Sustainable Architecture with Wood, School of Architecture and Design, AustraliaHarvested logs supplied from five fibre-managed Eucalyptus nitens plantation coupes with different growing environments were assessed for quality and stiffness. Billets extracted from the logs were rotary peeled for veneer. When averaged across the five coupes, 30% of veneer recovered... -
Pathogens and Pests Threatening Plantation Forestry in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: L. Jimu --- Department of Natural Resources, Zimbabwe L. Mujuru --- Department of Natural Resources, ZimbabweThe Zimbabwean forestry industry, which contributes significantly to the economy, was introduced in the 1940s and is dominated by Pinus spp., Eucalyptus spp. and Acacia mearnsii De Wild. This paper assembles and consolidates literature on diseases and pests of forest... -
The bionomics of whitegrub species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) affecting commercial forestry re-establishment in representative areas of the South African summer-rainfall region
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Derian Echeverri-Molina --- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa Prem Govender --- Research and Postgraduate Studies Directorate, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South AfricaSouth African commercial forestry plants mainly Eucalyptus, Pinus and Acacia species. Invertebrate pests play a significant role in the establishment phase of these exotic trees. Whitegrubs, in particular, are known to affect seedling survival during this period. Their pest status... -
Lesion size induced by Chrysoporthe fungal pathogens varies between Eucalyptus species and geographic locations in Zambia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Donald Chungu --- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Zambia Jedrick Siyingwa --- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Zambia Phillimon Ng’andwe --- Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, School of Natural Resources, Zambia Bertha Chitala Chungu --- School of Business, ZambiaChrysoporthe canker disease is one of the serious threats facing planted Eucalyptus in southern Africa. In order to manage this disease, planting of less susceptible species of Eucalyptus has been promoted in many countries but it is not clear which... -
Influence of site in the wood quality of Eucalyptus in plantations in Brazil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Thiago Leite Barbosa --- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Brazil José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira --- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Brazil Sofia Maria Gonçalves Rocha --- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Brazil Ana Paula Câmara --- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Brazil Graziela Baptista Vidaurre --- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Brazil Antônio Marcos Rosado --- Celulose Nipo-Brasileira SA (CENIBRA), Brazil Fernando Palha Leite --- Celulose Nipo-Brasileira SA (CENIBRA), BrazilGenetic materials interact with the environment in specific ways, therefore their responses in wood need to be better understood. The present study sought to evaluate the influence of different climatic conditions in Minas Gerais, Brazil on Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus... -
An evaluation of the economics and productivity of fully mechanised tree seedling planting in Brazil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra --- School of Agronomic Sciences, Brazil Rafael Ribeiro Soler --- School of Agronomic Sciences, Brazil Guilherme Corrêa Sereghetti --- School of Agronomic Sciences, Brazil Guilherme Oguri --- Forestry Science and Research Institute, BrazilFrom an economic point of view, Eucalyptus is the most important forest genus in Brazil, covering more than 5 million ha. However, most of the silvicultural practices have a low level of mechanisation compared with harvesting and logging operations. This... -
Eucalypt susceptibility towards the invasive Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Samantha J Bush --- , South Africa Bernard Slippers --- , South Africa Brett P Hurley --- , South AfricaGlycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is a eucalypt feeder native to Australia. Infestations of G. brimblecombei can cause leaf wilt, dieback and death in weak or severely infested plants. In many countries where G. brimblecombei has been introduced, patterns of susceptibility... -
Optimisation of micropropagation protocols for temperate eucalypt hybrids in South Africa, with a focus on auxin transport proteins
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Rafael Keret --- , South Africa Muhammad Nakhooda --- , South Africa Nicoletta B Jones --- , South Africa Paul N Hills --- , South AfricaGlobally the demand for forestry resources is booming, and consequently innovative approaches to cultivate valuable hardwoods, such as eucalypts, are crucial. Although micropropagation offers a means to clonally propagate desirable cultivars, this technique is often variety-specific for eucalypts. Thus, recalcitrant... -
A serious shoot and leaf disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola discovered on eucalypts in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Myriam Solís --- , South Africa Michael J Wingfield --- , South Africa Izette Greyling --- , South Africa Nam Q Pham --- , South AfricaEucalypt plantations in South Africa make up an important part of the local forestry industry. Recently, one-year-old nursery plants of a Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla variety displayed symptoms of leaf and shoot anthracnose disease. Samples were collected from these... -
Time of permanence and rooting quality of minicuttings of eucalypt clones
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa Azevedo --- , Brazil Anderson Marcos de Souza --- , Brazil Gileno Brito de Azevedo --- , Brazil Paulo Eduardo Teodoro --- , Brazil Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro --- , Brazil José Raimundo Luduvico de Sousa --- , BrazilEstablishing the optimal time for rooting permanence and evaluation of the rooting quality of eucalypt clones allows us to optimise the production process and increase the quality of the seedlings produced. This study aimed to determine the optimal time for... -
Density effect on growth variables of eucalypt clones in a Nelder wheel experiment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Franciele Alba da Silva --- , Brazil Sylvio Péllico Netto --- , Brazil Alexandre Behling --- , Brazil Henrique Soares Koehler --- , Brazil Ataídes Marinheski Filho --- , Brazil Cláudio Cerqueira --- , BrazilNelder’s systematic design enables studies of tree plantation spacing in relatively small areas, which is of great interest for forest planning. However, dependence between observations can arise with this method, making it difficult to use classic statistics for evaluating an... -
Changing use of species and hybrids in South African forest plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Andrew R Morris --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South AfricaSouth Africa has 1.2 million hectares of plantations developed progressively through the 20th century. These occur from 23° to 34°S, from near sea level to 2 000 m above sea level and in both Mediterranean winter rainfall and summer subtropical... -
Estimation of genetic parameters for growth in a population of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens hybrids in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: W Brink --- Sappi Shaw Research Centre, South Africa G van den Berg --- Sappi Shaw Research Centre, South Africa A Nel --- Sappi Shaw Research Centre, South Africa B du Toit --- University of Stellenbosch, South AfricaHybridising Eucalyptus grandis with Eucalyptus nitens produces progeny intended to combine the favourable traits of both parents. E. grandis exhibits good growth, stem form, wood properties and rooting ability for vegetative propagation. E. nitens displays superior cold tolerance, including superior... -
Variation in survival, growth and stem straightness in Eucalyptus urophylla provenances in the Southern Highlands region of Tanzania
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MJ Sangiwa --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania SAO Chamshama --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania SMS Maliondo --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania JN Mwambusi --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania RP Mushumbusi --- Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Tanzania SM Mputa --- Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, TanzaniaLack of quality planting materials has significantly limited productivity and quality of commercial forestry plantations in Tanzania. A provenance/progeny trial of Eucalyptus urophylla was established to test performance in order to select the best planting materials for future plantation activities... -
Biomass production and nutritional efficiency in short rotation eucalypt clone plantations for energy in north-east Brazil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Welluma Teixeira Barros --- State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt Barreto-Garcia --- State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil Valdemiro da Conceição Júnior --- State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil Marcos Gervasio Pereira --- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Paulo Henrique Marques Monroe --- State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil Maicon dos Santos da Silva --- São Paulo State University, Brazil Mariana dos Santos Nascimento --- State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil Jaqueline Lima Morais --- State University of Southwest Bahia, BrazilSelecting adapted hybrids with greater efficiency in the use and return of nutrients is essential to ensure the success of forestry activities. Although topics on the nutritional sustainability of eucalypt biomass harvesting have frequently been discussed, few studies have focused... -
Early selection for rust resistance in eucalypt progenies and implications for other traits of interest in tree breeding
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Daniele Aparecida Alvarenga Arriel --- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil Lúcio Mauro da Silva Guimarães --- , Brazil Reginaldo Gonçalves Mafia --- , Brazil Edival Ângelo Valverde Zauza --- , Brazil Acelino Couto Alfenas --- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BrazilPlanting of resistant clones is the main control strategy for rust caused by Austropuccinia psidii on eucalypts in Brazil. Phenotyping for resistance to rust is performed at the last stage of the breeding programme on genetic material preselected for growth... -
Exploring the diversity of leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) associated with eucalypts in South African forestry nurseries and plantations, with a new report of Strepsicrates sp.
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Privilege T Makunde --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South Africa Bernard Slippers --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South Africa Brett P Hurley --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South AfricaA number of insect pests cause damage to eucalypts in South Africa. Their accurate identification is a key part of managing and controlling these pests. The aims of this study were to identify leafroller insect species in South African eucalypt... -
Provenance variation, genetic parameters, and potential gains in Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. nobilis tested in two high altitude cool temperate sites in the summer rainfall region of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Christopher Komakech --- , South Africa Annabel Fossey --- , South AfricaOver the past 50 years, commercial forestry in South Africa has expanded into mid and high altitude summer rainfall regions, predominantly planting Eucalyptus nitens and Eucalyptus macarthurii. However, the suitability of these sites is increasingly threatened by projected climate changes... -
Proxy variables to represent the productive capacity in a forest growth and yield model for eucalypt hybrid plantations in north-eastern Bahia, Brazil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Mariana Futia Taquetti --- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares --- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil Helio Garcia Leite --- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil Álvaro Augusto Vieira Soares --- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Brazil Gilson Fernandes da Silva --- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilThe present study aimed to evaluate proxy variables to represent the productive capacity of the sites in a forest growth and yield model for plantations of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid, considering them in a linear and a linear... -
Silvicultural intervention during re-establishment to reduce mortality in eucalypt plantations, South Africa: early results
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Ullrich Hechter --- Mondi South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Keith M Little --- School of Natural Resources Management, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa Julian Moreno Chan --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Jacob Crous --- Sappi Shaw Research Centre, South AfricaHigh mortality negatively affects rotation-end yield in pulpwood eucalypt stands. Most forest companies in South Africa aim to achieve +90% survival. To ensure optimal survival, companies implement preventative measures such as the use of high-quality plants and optimum re-establishment practices,...