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Determining Transpiration from Pinus patula Shoots—A Comparative Evaluation of the Cut-Shoot Method and Two Null-Balance Diffusion Porometers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: P.J. Dye --- D.R. de Wet Forestry Research Centre Division of Forest Science and Technology, S.I. Christie --- D.R. de Wet Forestry Research Centre Division of Forest Science and Technology, B.W. Olbrich --- D.R. de Wet Forestry Research Centre Division of Forest Science and Technology, E. Ferreira --- D.R. de Wet Forestry Research Centre Division of Forest Science and Technology, N. Tallon --- D.R. de Wet Forestry Research Centre Division of Forest Science and Technology,The cut-shoot method and two types of small-chambered null-balance diffusion porometer were evaluated for suitability in studies of stomatal conductance and transpiration in Pinus patula. In the course of the cut-shoot evaluation, excised shoots were found to transpire at a... -
Litterfall and Nutrient Release in Mature Pinus radiata in the South-western Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: D.B. Versfeld --- Division of Forest Science and Technology, CSIR, Jonkershoek F.R.C., D. G.M. Donald --- Faculty of Forestry,Fast-growing plantations of conifers have replaced areas of mediterranean shrubland in the south-western Cape. This study arises from the need to quantify the impacts of major changes in primary productivity, litterfall, and nutrient cycling in terms of the site utilisation... -
Evidence of Induced Nutrient Deficiency in Pine Plantings on Previously Cropped Lands
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: A.W. Schumann --- , South Africa A.D. Noble --- , South AfricaWidespread establishment failures of Pinus species have recently occurred on agricultural land acquired for commercial forestry in South Africa. These include about 10 000 ha of previously tilled soils in the north-eastern Cape belonging to Mondi Forests. A lettuce (Lactuca... -
Volume, Pulp and Paper-making Traits of Pinus maximinoi Provenances Planted at Two Sites in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.A. Wright --- Investigacion Forestal, Colombia B. Baylis --- Usutu Pulp Company, SwazilandTwo provenance trials of P. maximinoi H.E. Moore growing in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa, were assessed for growth, pulp and paper-making traits at approximately 11 years of age. Provenances were significantly (p<0,05) different for breaking length, burst index and... -
The Genetic Control of Ring Width, Wood Density and Tracheid Length in the Juvenile Core of Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.D. Barnes --- Forest Research Centre, Zimbabwe J.S. Birks --- , United Kingdom G. Battle --- Forest Research Centre, Zimbabwe L.J. Mullin --- Forest Research Centre, ZimbabweControlled crosses were made between six Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe plus trees selected in plantations. Six full-sib families and two commercial checks were planted in randomised complete block thrice-replicated progeny tests at two sites in Zimbabwe. At 7,5 years,... -
Modelling Diameter and Height Distributions through Dispersion Statistics in Even-aged Pine Plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: HorstW. Kassier --- , South Africa BrianV. Bredenkamp --- Department of Forest Science, South AfricaDiameter and height distribution recovery, in combination with standlevel projection modelling, is generally used in Southern Africa for predicting growth and yield in even-aged pine plantations. A different approach for modelling diameter and height distributions for five pine species commercially... -
A Field Demonstration of the Effect on Streamflow of Clearing Invasive Pine and Wattle Trees from a Riparian Zone
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: P.J. Dye --- Division of Forest Science and Technology, A.G. Poulter --- Division of Forest Science and Technology,Two portable weirs were used to quantify changes in streamflow following clearfelling of a dense stand of self-sown Pinus patula and Acacia mearnsii along a riparian zone on Kalmoesfontein, a SAPPI forest plantation south-east of Lydenburg, Eastern Transvaal. The weirs... -
Basic Density, Tracheid Length and Strength Properties of Juvenile and Mature Wood of Pinus patula Grown in Tanzania
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.C. Ishengoma --- Department of Wood Utilization, Faculty of Forestry, P.R. Gillah --- Department of Wood Utilization, Faculty of Forestry, S. Iddi --- Department of Wood Utilization, Faculty of Forestry,More than 70% of Tanzanian plantations consist of conifers, 60% of which are Pinus patula plantations. Juvenile wood is one of the most important sources of variability. -
The Effect of Site Preparation and Tending on the Growth of Pinus radiata in the Southern Cape: Five Year Results
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: Lee Cunningham --- ,This paper details the latest results of site preparation and tending experiments in Pinus radiata on regenerated sites, on both Kruisfontein Plantation in the Southern Cape District of the Western Cape Forest Region and Blueliliesbush Plantation in the Tsitsikamma Forest... -
Field response to P and K fertilizers of Lupinus albus cv. Kiev and L. angustifolius cv. Unicrop
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: V.D. Wassermann --- Department of Agriculture,A field trial is described, in which the response of Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius to three levels of P and five of K was measured. The P level of the soil was moderate, but the K content was extremely... -
Effects of plant density and row spacing on Lupiniis albus cv. Kiev
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: V.D. Wassermann --- Department of Agriculture, Republic of South AfricaTwo field trials in which the effects of plant density and row spacing on L. albus cv. Kiev were studied, are described. One trial was carried out on dryland and the Other under irrigation. Plant densities ranging from c. 20... -
An analysis of yield components of Lupinus albus L.
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. A.M. van der Mey --- , Republic of South Africa J. Middel --- , Republic of South Africa Amelia Me Donald --- , Republic of South AfricaLupinus albus or sweet white lupin is a crop producing its seed yield in succeeding orders of racemes on the plant. All combinations of 18 yield components of five cultivars grown in 11 environments were correlated with each other. An... -
Comparison of aluminium, basic cations and acidity in the soil of indigenous forests and pine stands in the southern Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.E. Clough --- Saasveld Forestry Research Centre, Republic of South AfricaLitter and topsoil were sampled in plantations of Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda and in adjacent indigenous forest in three different locations in the southern Cape, to study some of the effects on the soil of the establishment of pine... -
ON THE STATUS OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL) IN LARGE MAN-MADE LAKES IN RHODESIA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: B.E. Marshall --- Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management, RhodesiaData from some large man-made lakes in Rhodesia suggest that the populations of Clarias gariepinus have declined in these lakes. The reasons for this are not clear although commercial fishing does not appear to be responsible. -
THE HABITATS AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF
CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (PISCES: CLARIIDAE) IN A CLEAR COASTAL LAKE (LAKE SIBAYA, SOUTH AFRICA)Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: M.N. Bruton --- , South AfricaThe habitat preferences of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in a clear coastal lake, Lake Sibaya, are described. Larval and small juvenile catfish inhabit flotsam and the rootstocks of plants in very shallow marginal areas. Larger juveniles inhabit densely-vegetated marginal... -
UTILIZATION OF PLANT MATERIALS BY JUVENILE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN FISH CULTURE
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: Douglas Clay --- Department of Agriculture, ZimbabweJuvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus between 100 and 200 mm total length from Lake McIlwaine, Zimbabwe are able to digest plant proteins. The digestibility of three major plant proteins (maize, sunflower seed and soya meal) was 30,0, 65,4 and 84,3%... -
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF AGE DETERMINATION IN THE SHARPTOOTH CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: Douglas Clay --- Department of Zoology, U. K.Growth of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus from four southern African impoundments was estimated by back-calculating age from vertebrae and spines. Length frequency analysis supported the growth estimates derived from vertebrae but not those from spines.- Spines under-estimated the age... -
A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE HARTBEESPOORT DAM ENVIRONMENT ON PRODUCTION OF THE MAJOR FISH SPECIES
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: K.L. Cochrane --- , South AfricaThe dominant species of fish in Hartbeespoort Dam, in terms of mass composition of catches, are shown to be Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus and Clarias gariepinus Burchell. Minimum winter temperatures are demonstrated to have a major impact on... -
PRODUCTION OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) I. GROWTH, MORTALITY AND YIELD SOUTH OF THE ZAMBEZI
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: Douglas Clay --- Marine Fish Division, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, CanadaClarias gariepinus were sampled from eight water bodies in southern Africa between 1973 and 1975. Aging results indicate a similar growth pattern for most areas with a near linear age-length relationship. Between year growth compensation was found to be present... -
PRODUCTION OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) II. POPULATION PRODUCTION AS ESTIMATED FROM SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS FOR LAKE MCILWAINE, ZIMBABWE
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: Douglas Clay --- Marine Fish Division, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, CanadaThe population production of Clarias gariepinus was studied by Schaefer type surplus production models. The maximum sustainable yield of African catfish in Lake McIlwaine, Zimbabwe was found to be in the range of 33 000 to 41 000 kg (13,46... -
COMPARISON OF FISH GONADS AND FISH MEAL AS MAJOR COMPONENTS IN THE DIETS OF YOUNG AFRICAN SHARPTOOTH CATFISH, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences • Authors: L.C. Hoffman --- Aquaculture Research Unit, South Africa J.F. Prinsloo --- Aquaculture Research Unit, South Africa J. Theron --- Aquaculture Research Unit, South AfricaThe replacement of fish-meal (two sources, arbitrarily designated FMA and FMB), with either freeze dried (GVD) or oven dried (GOD) gonads of Clarias gariepinus in a starter diet for larvae of this species, was tested. No significant difference in larval... -
A COMPARISON OF ALLOZYME HETEROZYGOSITY AND LIFE HISTORY VARIABLES IN FOUR STRAINS OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences • Authors: J. P. Grobler --- , , L. C. Hoffman --- , , South Africa J. F. Prinsloo --- , , South AfricaWe studied allozyme polymorphism and its relation to morphological characteristics in 122 individuals from four lines of African catfish. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to screen 26 loci, of which five were polymorphic. Average heterozygosity levels differed moderately among lines... -
Forecasting volume and economic gains from intensive plantation management using different response curves
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: DavidB. South CurtisL. VanderSchaaf LarryD. TeeterProponents of intensive plantation management do not all use the same type of response curves when predicting future volume gains. As a result, some believe that continuously increasing the intensity of management will increase landowner profits and reduce the unit... -
Prescribed under-canopy burning in Pinus patula plantations of the Mpumalanga highveld: The effects of fire on tree growth
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: TheresaL. Bird MaryC. ScholesThe effect of controlled undercanopy burning on tree growth has been studied under 16-year-old Pinus patula trees in Mpumalanga. Three fire intensity treatments and a control "no-burn" treatment, were applied to 1 ha plots. Average fuel depth was 42cm with... -
Root volume and raising period affect field performance of Pinus patula cuttings in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R. G. Mitchell J. Zwolinski N. B. Jones A. D. BayleyThe propagation of pines through cuttings has become a commercial means of rapidly multiplying improved genetic material for operational use in forestry companies. Cuttings of pines are produced entirely in containers in South Africa. Containers, however, can negatively affect plant... -
Post establishment survival of Pinus patula in Mpumalanga, one year after planting
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J. W. CrousRecent evidence indicated that the pathogen Fusarium circinatum might be contributing significantly to post-planting mortality. Consequently, sixteen experimental sample plots, widely distributed over many localities in Mpumalanga, were established over two growing seasons to quantify the extent of pest and... -
The effects of ontogenetic maturation in Pinus patula – Part II: Hedge cycling and field performance
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R. G. Mitchell N. B. JonesEarly studies suggest that the juvenile period, during which favourable rooting can be achieved from Pinus patula seedling hedges, may be as short as 2 years from the date of sowing. If the effects of hedge maturation cannot be delayed,... -
A root-bound index for evaluating planting stock quality of container-grown pines
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: D.B. South R. G. MitchellPot-binding can adversely affect the performance of container-grown stock. One factor that affects pot-binding is the size of the root system in relation to the size of the container. The aim of this study was to determine if an objective... -
The wood properties and sawn-board quality of South African-grown Pinus maximinoi (HE Moore)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: F.S. MalanThis report summarises results of past research in South Africa on the wood properties and qualities of P. maximinoi, supplemented by results of a study performed recently on an approximately 15.5-year-old provenance trial at Wilgeboom after it had been severely... -
Palmer Drought Indices and Their Application to Plantation Establishment Strategies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.B. Zwolinski --- ,Palmer drought models are introduced as an objective measure of monthly moisture conditions and their application for forestry research is discussed. A case-study showed that Palmer Hydrological Drought Index was preferred to Palmer Drought Severity Index for deciding on establishment... -
Silviculture and Genetics of Pinus kesiya for Planting Degraded Pasture Land
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.A. Wright --- , USA N. Isaza --- , USAThe conifer species, Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, is an important part of the ecology within the indigenous range of South-east Asia as well as in sustainably managed plantations in a number of countries. Planting with the species in Colombia... -
Variation in Wood Density and Tracheid Length in Pinus patula grown in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. Muneri --- Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, V. Balodis --- ,Within-tree variation of wood density was studied for 14-and 25-year-old Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe trees grown at two plantation sites in Zimbabwe. Three trees of each age per site were selected and disc samples obtained at six relative height... -
A review of site-growth studies in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.H. Louw --- ,The intensive nature of the South African forest industry requires reliable decision support systems to enhance site-specific silviculture. Furthermore, the principle of ecologically sustainable forest management requires a profound improvement in the understanding of the factors controlling tree growth and... -
The minimum required yield for profitable sawtimber production from Pin us patula in the escarpment area of Mpumalanga
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: M.P. Falcão --- Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Mozambique H. J.E. Uys --- Department of Forest Science, South AfricaIn a recent study (1998) the minimum required yield for profitable sawtimber production from Pinus patula in the escarpment area of Mpumalanga was established. Net Present Value was used as financial profitability criterion. All cost components were 1996 costs (the... -
Pinus patula establishment problem associated with poor ectomycorrhizal development in previously cultivated soils
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: S. Khalil --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa N. Labuschagne --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa M.J. Wingfield --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South AfricaA field survey of Pinus patula Schlecht. et Cham. plantations at Mondi's Mooi River Estate, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa was conducted to assess the levels of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal colonisation. The objective was to determine whether the establishment problem (old land... -
An investigation into the occurrence and nature of genotype by environment interaction in Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: C.L. Snedden --- , South Africa S.D. Verryn --- , South AfricaThis study was conducted as part of a joint venture between the tree improvement teams of Safcol and the CSIR to develop a breeding, production and conservation strategy for Pinus patula. -
Targeted spot vegetation management in Pinus radiata and P. elliottii plantations, Tsitsikamma, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: S.F. Gous --- , New ZealandTowards the end of 1995, granular herbicides were introduced in South African forestry. Traditionally, weed control was done by manual slashing or herbicides were applied by knapsack sprayer. Targeted, spot herbicide application is more environmentally friendly, less expensive and easier... -
Controlled Pollination in Pinus Patula: Constraints and Possible Solutions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: C. Bester --- , L. H.C. van der Merwe --- , J.L. Malema --- ,Pinus patula is the most important commercial pine species grown in southern Africa and it is, therefore, very important to have well developed breeding and production strategies for this species. Strategies which have been developed for SAFCOL's breeding programme include... -
Fish migrations in two seasonal streams in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: Brian Gratwicke BrianE MarshallFish migrations into the streams of seasonally-flooded depressions (or dambos) that cover the central plateaus of Africa are a well-known phenomenon to scientists and lay people alike. However, the factors causing seasonal migrations are poorly understood and most scientific references... -
Histopathological changes in two potential indicator fish species from a hyper-eutrophic freshwater ecosystem in South Africa: a baseline study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MJ Marchand --- Department of Zoology, South Africa JC van Dyk --- Department of Zoology, South Africa IEJ Barnhoorn --- Andrology, Department of Urology, South Africa GM Wagenaar --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaHistopathological changes were identified in selected target organs from two freshwater fish species, Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis mossambicus, inhabiting the hyper-eutrophic Roodeplaat Dam near Pretoria. A histology-based fish health assessment protocol was used, including a semiquantitative histopathological assessment of the... -
Evaluation of the fish health assessment index in the Olifants River system, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: RM Watson --- Department of Zoology, South Africa D Crafford --- Department of Zoology, South Africa A Avenant-Oldewage --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaThe fish health assessment index (HAI) biomonitoring technique, developed in the USA and subsequently tested in South Africa, was re-evaluated in the Olifants River system using Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis mossambicus and Labeobarbus marequensis during drought and flood conditions in 1994–1997... -
A study of the ichthyofauna of a small tropical reservoir, south-eastern lowveld, Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: T Dalu --- Department of Biological Sciences, Zimbabwe BW Clegg --- Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe T Nhiwatiwa --- Department of Biological Sciences, ZimbabweFish diversity in Malilangwe Reservoir in the south-eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe was investigated in 2011 to determine the community structure. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of an artificial fish community in a small reservoir... -
Study on the Prepressing of Flakeboard Containing Waste Paper
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: Günther Gerischer --- Faculty of Forestry, Rep. of South Africa Dave Reeves --- Faculty of Forestry, Rep. of South AfricaThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the strength properties of a composite board containing waste paper as a core material, could be improved by the prior prepressing of the core material before pressing the product to final... -
Treatment Effects on Annual and Dry Period Streamflow at Cathedral Peak
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.M. Bosch --- Department of Forestry,Total annual streamflow and dry season flows of treated catchments at Cathedral Peak, Natal, were compared and related to those of index catchments. -
Initial Spacing of Pinus patula for Maximum Yield of Pulp-wood over a 16-year Rotation
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre,Analysis of previously published data showed that volume production of Pinus patula on a 16-year rotation reaches a maximum with initial espacements of 2 430 ± 620 stems/ha. Expected volume yields and diameters for a range of espacements are provided. -
Kauri pine—a place in South African forestry?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre,The growth of two provenances of Agathis robusta and a mixture of A. microstachya and A. atropurpurea under Zululand conditions is compared with that of Pinus elliottii. Volume regression equations and estimates of bark thickness and stem taper are supplied. -
Litter Fall and Decomposition in Stands of Mature Pinus radiata
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: D.B. Versfeld --- Department of Water Affairs, Forestry and Environmental Conservation,Rates of litter fall in mature stands of Pinus radiata D. Don have been monitored at the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Station since 1976. Decomposition trials were laid out in June 1977. Litter fall has been collected on six sites in... -
Stand Density and Litter Depth of Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: C.J. Schutz --- Natal Forestry Research Centre, B.V. Bredenkamp --- Natal Forestry Research Centre, M.A. Herbert --- Natal Forestry Research Centre,Investigation of litter layers in a Pinus patula spacing experiment showed the depth of such layers to be independent of stand stocking levels. The relationship between the depth and oven-dry mass of litter is curvilinear. -
A Comparison of Three Methods of Wood Density Assessment in a Pinus elliottii Progeny Test
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: G. Gough --- Forest Research Centre, R.D. Barnes --- ,Three methods of determining wood density of 15 Pinus elliottii Engelm. families in a progeny test were compared. The first was based on a segment cut from a disc, the second on an 8 mm increment core and the third... -
Row Thinnings Do Not Adversely Affect Yields or Form of the Final Crop in Improved Pinus taeda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: B.V. Bredenkamp --- , South AfricaA row thinning experiment with six treatments, ranging from removal of every second row to purely selective thinning, is described. The stand being thinned was of particularly uniform Pinus taeda and there were no lasting detrimental effects on the residual... -
Studies of Growth and Stand Structure in Plantations of Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: Y. de Villiers --- , A. van Laar --- Faculty of Forestry,Mensurational data collected for management inventories were used to obtain estimates for the parameters of equations with age, and in other cases with age, stand density and site index as predictor-variables, growth and stand structure characteristics as dependent variables. The... -
Pruning Studies in Pinus radiata
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: W. H.F. Hinze --- Forestry Branch, Department of Environment Affairs, A. van Laar --- Faculty of Forestry,Pruning trials were established in stands of Pinus radiata in three plantations in different climatic regions. The objective of the experiments was to assess the effect of a first, second, third and fourth pruning on mortality, on diameter, height and... -
The Effect of Nitroacta (Urea Formaldehyde) on the Growth and Development of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.F. Loxton D. G.M. DonaldA pot trial testing the effect of four rates of urea formaldehyde, applied in two forms, on the growth of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii is described. It is concluded that the eucalypt responded linearly to this slow-acting nitrogen source... -
Some Fungal Symbionts of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizae of Pines in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: G. C.A. van der Westhuizen --- Departement of Botany, A. Eicker --- Departement of Botany,Earlier research of mycorrhiza of pines in South Africa is reviewed. Twenty-one species of Basidiomycetes which are considered to be obligate symbionts of mycorrhizae of pines, were found in four major pine-growing areas of South Africa. These include 10 Agaricales,... -
The Effect of Long Term Stratification on the Germination of Pinus Pinaster Ait
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: D. G.M. Donald --- ,Trials to determine the effect of long term stratification on Pinus pinaster seed subjected to periods of room temperature storage following cold storage and cold storage only indicated that the former could reduce viability of the seedlots. Dormancy of all... -
The Effect of Ripping in Combination with Fertiliser to Ameliorate Forest Sites on the Harkerville Plateau, Southern Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. van Laar --- Faculty of Forestry,The effect of soil preparation combined with fertiliser treatment on mortality and early height growth of Pinus radiata was investigated on the Harkerville Plateau in the southern Cape Region of the Cape Province. The effect of soil preparation on mortality... -
Metal contamination of sediments and fish from the Vaal River, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: W Pheiffer --- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, R Pieters --- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, JC van Dyk --- Department of Zoology, NJ Smit --- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management,Mining and other economic activities have led to the pollution of the Vaal River with metals of mainly industrial origin, but the consequences of this for animal and human health are unknown. Based on chemical analysis and histological examination, we... -
Evolutionary relationships of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) with its temperate and tropical relatives
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R C Schmidtling --- USDA Forest Service, SRS, USA V Hipkins --- USDA Forest Service, USAAllozymes in bud tissue and monoterpene contents in xylem oleoresin of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) were analyzed from populations across the natural distribution, as well as those from other species in the AUSTRALES pines. Allozyme diversity measures of slash pine... -
Modelling growth and water use in four Pinus patula stands with the 3-PG model
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors:Accurate prediction ofgrowth andyield offorest plantations remains importantto the forestry industry for such purposes as assessing the benefits ofsilvicultural practices, matching species to site, understanding economic risks, predicting profitability and scheduling harvests. Conventional methodology is based on statistically-derived stand growth... -
The influence of site factors on nitrogen mineralization in forest soils of the Mpumalanga escarpment area: South africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.H. Louwa --- , M. Scholes --- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences,The complex biophysical environmental conditions that occur in South Mrican forestry plantations prompt appropriate guidelines for nutrient management applications. Nutrient budget studies in plantation ecosystems indicated a negative nitrogen (N) balance on many sites. Empirical fertilizer trails have shown that,... -
Abnormal compression wood in Pinus taeda: A review of current knowledge and proposed future strategy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: F.S. Malan --- Komatiland Forests (Pty) Ltd, Research Division, H.W. Kassier --- South African Forestry Company Ltd,Abnormal compression wood in P. taeda stands was first discovered in the early 1980s. Since then several research projects and surveys have been carried out in order to develop a better understanding of the problem and to try to find... -
Establisbment of embryogenic suspension cultures of Pinus radiata Don.
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: A. Jacoby --- Department of Plant Sciences (Botany and Genetics), South Africa A.J. van der Westhuizen --- Department of Plant Sciences (Botany and Genetics), South Africa A-M. Botha --- Department of Genetics/Forest and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South AfricaThe development of embryonal suspensor mass (ESM) from immature embryos of Pinus radiata on a solidified growth medium containing 0,5 mgl−1 benzyladenine, 3,0 mgl−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 500 mgl−1 casein hydrolysate and 250 mgl-1 L-glutamine was used as inoculum to establish... -
The effect of bottom heat on rooting Pinus patula and Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea stem cuttings in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.G. Mitchell --- Sappi Forests Research, South AfricaFive trials, testing the effect ofbottom heat on rooting, were set between January 1995 and December 1996 on P. patula and P. elliottii x P. caribaea cuttings as a method of improving root strike. In four out of five trials... -
Foliar nutrient levels as indicators of site quality for Pinus patula in the Mpumalanga escarpment area
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J.R. Louw --- , M.C. Scholes --- School of Plant, Animal & Environmental Sciences, South AfricaThe South African forest industry is based on intensively managed monoculture systems, and requires diagnostic tools for the development of site-related nutrient management policies. Worldwide, the evaluation of foliar nutrient concentrations is one of the most widely used techniques in... -
Genotype by environment interaction for volume growth at 6 years of age in a series of five Pinus patula progeny trials in southern Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Arnulf Kanzler --- Sappi Forest Research, South Africa Sieg F. Hagedorn --- , South Africa Gary R. Hodge --- CAMCORE, USA William S. Dvorak --- CAMCORE, USAGenotype x environment interaction was investigated in a series of 5 Pinus patula progeny trials planted by the Institute for Commercial Forestry Research in southern Africa. The trials were established from Mpumalanga to the North-eastern Cape in a balanced 7x7... -
Effect of planting depth on growth of open-rooted Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda seedlings in the United States
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Curtis L. VanderSchaaf --- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, USA David B. South --- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, USAThree studies in the Coastal Plain of Georgia were remeasured 7 or 8 years after planting to determine the effects of planting depth on field performance of open-rooted seedlings [root-collar diameter (RCD) ≤ 5 mm]. Average planting depth (i.e, shoot... -
Site and stand age effects on fertiliser responses in Pinus patula pulpwood plantations in Swaziland
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Andrew R. Morris --- Sappi Forests Research: Shaw Research Centre,Six fertiliser trials were establishedin separate stands in their 4th , 7th or 12th year on both granite and gabbro derived soils intheUsutu Forest, Swaziland. All trials compared the same factorial combination ofN, P and K fertilisers. Tree growth response... -
Potential for genetic improvement of yield of exotic softwood tree species in Rwandan plantation forestry1
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: C P Mugunga --- , Rwanda G. van Wyk --- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, South AfricaExotic softwoodtree species playamajorrole in Rwandan plantationforestry. Theyareusedto produce sawn timber used for various purposes. Pinus patula is the major commercial species. Growth and yield of this species were compared in terms of seed source variation based on two trials,... -
Effects of temperature on Pinus patula seedlings growing in pots in a controlled environment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: Colleen A. Carlson --- Horticultural Science Department, South Africa Ross Allan --- Shaw Research Centre, South Africa Andrew R. Morris --- Shaw Research Centre, South AfricaThe re-establishment of Pinus patula seedlings into sites with high harvesting residue (slash) loads can negatively affect the survival of these plants. Field trials have examined the role that insect pests and fungal diseases play in causing this phenomenon. Research... -
The effect of applying prophylactic measures on the post-planting survival of Pinus patula in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R. G. Mitchel --- , J. Zwolinski --- Forestry Programme, N. Jones --- Forestry Programme, T. Coutinho --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology,The observed survival of Pinus patula seedlings and cuttings has, on many occasions, been inadequate in nurseries and after field planting in South Africa. There have however, been several reports that survival can be improved if a fungicide is applied... -
The effects of ontogenetic maturation in Pinus patula - Part 1: nursery performance
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: R. G. Mitchell --- Sappi Forests Research, Africa J. Zwolinski --- Forestry Programme, Africa N. B. Jones --- Sappi Forests Research, AfricaThe age at which parent or donor hedges reach ontogenetic maturity has frequently been cited as a debilitating factor in the production of conifer cuttings. This point varies between species and prevailing environmental conditions. Among other things, a lack of... -
Phosphorus fertiliser source and weed control effects on growth of three-year-old second-rotation Pinus radiata on Orthic Pumice soil in New Zealand
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: AA Rivaie --- , Indonesia P Loganathan --- Soil and Earth Sciences, Institute of Natural Resources, New ZealandLittle information is available on the interactive effects of soluble and less-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilisers and weed control on growth and P nutrition of second-rotation Pinus radiata plantations. A study was initiated on three-year-old second-rotation P. radiata and to determine... -
Growth models for Pinus patula in Angola
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Delgado-Matas --- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Angola T Pukkala --- , FinlandThis study developed growth models for Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. for the Central Highlands of Angola for simulating the development of stand characteristics. The model set included dominant height, individual-tree diameter increment, individual-tree height and self-thinning models... -
The pulp and paper properties of Sirex noctilio infested and fire-damagedthermomechanically pulped, South African grown Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: M du Plessis --- , South Africa NJ le Roux --- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, South Africa S Gardner-Lubbe --- Department of Statistical Sciences, South Africa JPJ Swart --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa T Rypstra --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaPinus patula is the softwood species most extensively planted in South Africa. However, large portions of these plantings are under threat from Sirex noctilio infestation and occasional forest fires. In this exploratory investigation, the effects of tree age, Sirex noctilio... -
The use of near-infrared scanning for the prediction of pulp yield and chemical properties of Pinus patula in the Mpumalanga escarpment area of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Kipuputwa --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa V Grzeskowiak --- , South Africa JH Louw --- School of Natural Resource Management, South AfricaNear-infrared (NIR) scanning technology is regarded as a potential tool for rapid determination of wood properties, which can substitute time-consuming and costly traditional methods. Pinus patula is the most important softwood species in South Africa, and this study is aimed... -
The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: RG Mitchell --- York Timbers, Tree Breeding Division, South Africa ET Steenkamp --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South Africa TA Coutinho --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South Africa MJ Wingfield --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South AfricaFusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of mature pines and root/collar rot of pine seedlings/cuttings, has resulted in large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the world. The disease caused by this fungus is now regarded... -
Critical water stress levels in Pinus patula seedlings and their relation to measures of seedling morphology
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: CA Rolando --- , New Zealand NW Pammenter --- , South Africa KM Little --- , South AfricaA pot trial was implemented to determine the effect of soil water stress following transplanting on shoot water potential and stomatal conductance of Pinus patula seedlings. The relationship of seedling morphology to measures of water stress was also investigated. The... -
The flexural properties of young Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape and their prediction from acoustic measurements
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: CB Wessels --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa GP Dowse --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa HC Smit --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaThe objectives of this study were to determine the bending strength and stiffness properties of young Pinus elliottii x P. caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape, South Africa, and to evaluate the predictability of these properties from acoustic... -
Performance of two Pinus patula hybrids in southern Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: A Kanzler --- Sappi Forest Research, South Africa K Payn --- , South Africa A Nel --- Sappi Forest Research, South AfricaTwo Pinus patula hybrids, P. greggii × P. patula and P. patula × P. tecunumanii, were planted across a number of sites in southern Africa. The growth and survival for each species/taxon was assessed at either 5 or 8 years... -
Tolerance of Pinus patula full-sib families to Fusarium circinatum in a greenhouse study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: RG Mitchell --- , South Africa MJ Wingfield --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa ET Steenkamp --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa TA Coutinho --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South AfricaThe pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, has caused large-scale mortality of young Pinus patula Schiede and Deppe ex Schltdl. and Cham. seedlings in nurseries in South Africa since 1990. Diseased seedlings have been inadvertently carried to the field, which in... -
Future outlook for Pinus patula in South Africa in the presence of the pitch canker fungus (Fusarium circinatum)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: RG Mitchell --- , South Africa TA Coutinho --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa E Steenkamp --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa M Herbert --- , South Africa MJ Wingfield --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South AfricaApproximately 50% of the area planted to softwood trees in South Africa has been established with Pinus patula, making it the most important pine species in the country. More effort has gone into developing this species for improved growth, tree... -
The structural grading of young South African grown Pinus patula sawn timber
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: GeorgeP Dowse --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa C Brand Wessels --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaIn this study sawn timber from 16- to 20-year-old Pinus patula trees were obtained from a wide variety of sites along the Mpumalanga escarpment in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficiency of the current... -
Growth models based on radial increment observations for eight pine species in Angola
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Cristobal Delgado-Matas --- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Angola Timo Pukkala --- School of Forest Sciences, FinlandGrowth models for the Central Highlands of Angola were developed in this study for Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., P. kesiya Royle ex Gordon, P. devoniana Lindl., P. chiapensis (Martinez) Andresen, P. elliottii Engelm., P. greggii Engelm. ex Parl., P. montezumae Lamb... -
Development and validation of stem volume models for Pinus kesiya in Benguet province, Philippines
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Roscinto IanC Lumbres --- Department of Forest Resources, Korea Young Jin Lee --- Department of Forest Resources, KoreaStem volume equations (overbark) were developed, using established volume equation forms, and validated using a subset of the data collected for Pinus kesiya in Benguet province, Philippines. A total of 481 trees from Pinus kesiya stands in Benguet were measured... -
Effects of irregular stand structure on tree growth, crown extension and branchiness of plantation-grown Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Simon A Ackerman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Pierre A Ackerman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Thomas Seifert --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaThe practice of combining row and selective thinning in commercial pine plantation silviculture carries the risk of unwanted irregularities in tree distribution, a situation that is aggravated when tree selection during marking is poor. The potential consequences of poor tree... -
Generic linear mixed-effects individual-tree biomass models for Pinus massoniana in southern China
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Liyong Fu --- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, China Weisheng Zeng --- Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State Forestry Administration, China Huiru Zhang --- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, China Guangxing Wang --- Research Center of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, China Yuancai Lei --- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, China Shouzheng Tang --- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, ChinaQuantification of forest biomass is important for practical forestry and for scientific purposes. It is fundamental to develop generic individual-tree biomass models suitable for large-scale forest biomass estimation. However, compatibility of forest biomass estimates at different scales may become a... -
Mixed-effects height–diameter models for ten conifers in the inland Northwest, USA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Curtis L VanderSchaaf --- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, USATo demonstrate the utility of mixed-effects height–diameter models when conducting forest inventories, mixed-effects height–diameter models are presented for several commercially and ecologically important conifers in the inland Northwest of the USA. After obtaining height–diameter measurements from a plot/stand of interest,... -
Variation in strength, stiffness and related wood properties in young South African-grown Pinus patula
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Brand Wessels --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Francois S Malan --- Komatiland Forests, South Africa Daan G Nel --- Centre for Statistical Consultation, South Africa Tim Rypstra --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaThe objective of this study was to examine the variation in and intercorrelation among wood properties determining the suitability of 16- to 20-year-old South African-grown Pinus patula trees for structural timber. A total of 1 112 sawn boards from 340... -
Rapid biological assessment of the fishery potential of Xonxa Dam, near Queenstown, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: TJ Richardson AJ Booth OLF WeylRapid biological assessments have been proposed as the most cost-effective approach to identify suitable target species and to set initial catch and fishing effort levels for new fisheries. Xonxa Dam, a turbid irrigation dam situated in the White Kei catchment,... -
Growth and economic performance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed diets containing velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens, seed meal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: AZ Aderolu --- Department of Marine Sciences, VM Akpabio --- Department of Marine Sciences,The partial replacement of fishmeal with mucuna seed meal in the diet of cultured juvenile Clarias gariepinus was tested over 70 days to determine their growth, nutrient and economic performance. The 25% fishmeal component of the control diet was replaced... -
A histology-based fish health assessment of four commercially and ecologically important species from the Okavango Delta panhandle, Botswana
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: JC van Dyk --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South Africa MJ Marchand --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South Africa NJ Smit --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South Africa GM Pieterse --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South AfricaThe health status of four commercially and ecologically important fish species from the Okavango Delta was assessed, using a histology-based health assessment protocol, to establish baseline data for future toxicity studies. Following the calculation of a necropsy-based health assessment index... -
The effect of Sirex noctilio infestation and fire damage on the chemical composition of South African-grown Pinus patula pulpwood
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: M du Plessis NJ le Roux S Gardner-Lubbe JPJ Swart (Change Le to le) T RypstraThe infection and association between the wood wasp Sirex noctilio and the fungus Amylostereum areolatum is responsible for large-scale tree mortality in the Midlands of the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. An exploratory investigation on the effect of the infestation... -
Estimation of height growth patterns and site index curves for Pinus radiata plantations in New South Wales, Australia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: A HaywoodThe objective of this study was to estimate the mean top height growth patterns and site index curves (base index age 20 years) for Pinus radiata stands grown in New South Wales, Australia. Garcia's stochastic differential equation version of the... -
Effect of weeding and fertilisation on bark thickness and stem form of seven pine species on a low-elevation site at Usutu, Swaziland
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: JW Crous --- , South Africa AR Morris --- , South Africa S Khoza --- , SwazilandOn a low-elevation site at Usutu alternative species to Pinus elliottii, the species recommended in the past for such sites, were planted to evaluate growth differences. At rotation age, destructive stem profile analyses were conducted on some of the trees... -
Estimating biomass and macronutrient content of some commercially important plantation species in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: SB Dovey --- , South AfricaThe removal of biomass, in any combination of stemwood, bark or branch harvesting, can cause a significant increase in nutrient loss from commercial timber plantations. Ensuring long-term site productivity of forest plantations is a key issue for forestry management. Managers... -
Performance of exotic tree species planted for poverty alleviation in Lesotho
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MM Pama J ZwolinskiThe people of Lesotho are among the poorest in the southern African region. The country is located in the Drakensberg mountains where winters are bitterly cold. Rural communities depend on woodfuels and cow dung for heating and cooking. Since the... -
Potential impacts of climate change on the climatically suitable growth areas of Pinus and Eucalyptus: results from a sensitivity study in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: ML Warburton RE SchulzeGlobal average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.74 °C over the most recent 100-year period. At a regional level in South Africa, detectable changes in both the rainfall and temperature patterns have occurred in the past 50 years. Climate... -
A comparison of productive and non-productive green water-use efficiency of Podocarpus henkelii and Pinus patula in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Hartley H Bulcock --- Centre for Water Resources Research, South Africa Mark B Gush --- CSIR, South Africa Graham PW Jewitt --- Centre for Water Resources Research, South AfricaA number of studies undertaken in South Africa to quantify the green water-use (total evaporation) of introduced commercial forestry species have shown conclusively that green water-use from commercial forest plantations is substantially higher than from the original grasslands or fynbos... -
Comparison of the tolerance of Pinus patula seedlings and established trees to infection by Fusarium circinatum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: R Glen Mitchell --- York Timbers, South Africa Michael J Wingfield --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Emma T Steenkamp --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Jolanda Roux --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Steven Verryn --- Creation Breeding Innovations cc, South Africa Teresa A Coutinho --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South AfricaSince the first appearance of Fusarium circinatum in South Africa in 1990, foresters have been challenged with poor field survival of Pinus patula seedlings at establishment. One of the best long-term solutions is to improve the genetic tolerance of P... -
Association of the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum with grass hosts in commercial pine production areas of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Cassandra L Swett --- Department of Plant Pathology, USA Bernice Porter --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa Gerda Fourie --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa Emma T Steenkamp --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa Thomas R Gordon --- Department of Plant Pathology, USA Michael J Wingfield --- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South AfricaThe pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, has major impacts on production in pine nurseries and plantations in South Africa. Thus far, efforts to reduce local spread have focused on rouging of infected pines and sanitation to eliminate local sources of... -
Pinus patula and pine hybrid hedge productivity in South Africa: a comparison between two vegetative propagation systems exposed to natural infection by Fusarium circinatum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Craig M Ford --- Sappi Forests, Shaw Research Centre, South Africa Nicoletta B Jones --- Sappi Forests, Shaw Research Centre, South Africa Paxie WC Chirwa --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, South AfricaIn response to the Fusarium circinatum pine pathogen threat in southern Africa, research has been conducted on the development of F. circinatum-tolerant P. patula and P. patula hybrids. The objective of this study was to investigate the propagation potential of... -
Effect on nursery and field performance of Pinus patula seedlings after inoculation with Fusarium circinatum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Nicoletta B Jones --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Craig M Ford --- Sappi Forests, South Africa Marnie E Light --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Ryan L Nadel --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Izette Greyling --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Cooperative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Gerda Fourie --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Cooperative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Michael J Wingfield --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Cooperative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa Andrew R Morris --- Sappi Forests, South AfricaFusarium circinatum is an important fungal pathogen of Pinus species. In South Africa, it is the most significant pathogen of Pinus patula seedlings in forestry nurseries where it presents a substantial constraint to productivity and can continue to cause mortality... -
Re-use of seedling containers and Fusarium circinatum association with asymptomatic Pinus patula planting stock
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Andrew R Morris --- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, South Africa Gerda Fourie --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa Izette Greyling --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa Emma T Steenkamp --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South Africa Nicoletta B Jones --- Sappi Forests, Shaw Research Centre, South AfricaFusarium circinatum is a pathogen causing serious post-planting mortality of Pinus patula seedlings in southern Africa. Containerised planting stock that is asymptomatic but associated with F. circinatum in the nursery is thought to be the cause of this problem. The... -
Productivity and cost analysis of semi-mechanised and mechanised systems on the Viphya forest plantations in Malawi
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Elisha Ngulube --- Forest Postgraduate Programme, Plant Sciences Complex, South Africa Michal Brink --- Forest Postgraduate Programme, Plant Sciences Complex, South Africa Paxie W Chirwa --- Forest Postgraduate Programme, Plant Sciences Complex, South AfricaAt least 200 000 m3 of timber is harvested annually using semi-mechanised harvesting systems on the Viphya forest plantations in Malawi. Although these systems have long been used on the Viphya, no investigation on their productivity has so far been... -
Three new and important insect pests recorded for the first time in Colombian plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Carlos A Rodas --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Rubén Serna --- Universidad Nacional de Medellín, Colombia Brett P Hurley --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Maria D Bolaños --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Ginna M Granados --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Michael J Wingfield --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaSubsequent to 1950, commercially propagated and non-native trees, including Pinus, Eucalyptus and Cupressus species in Colombian plantations, have been damaged by several native defoliating insects, residing mainly in the Lepidoptera (Geometridae), Phasmatodea (Heteronemiidae) and the Hymenoptera (Formicidae). We report on... -
Predation on invasive redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus by native fishes in the Kafue River, Zambia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: AB. Tyser --- School of Biosciences, UK RJ. Douthwaite --- Kafue River Trust, UKThe stomach contents of eight species of predatory or omnivorous fish caught in gillnets in the Kafue River in May and June 2010 were examined to determine the relative importance, expressed as ‘prominence value’ (PV), of crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in... -
Aspects of the pathology of Lamproglena clariae (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) on gills of Clarias gariepinus from the Vaal River system, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: A.M. Tsotetsi --- Department of Zoology, South Africa A. Avenant-Oldewage --- Department of Zoology, South Africa S.N. Mashego --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaLamproglena clariae attaches to gill filaments of Clarias gariepinus, penetrates the gill tissue and consumes blood. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical damage caused by this parasite on gill filaments of the host. Infestation intensity... -
Invasion of a headwater stream by non-native fishes in the Swartkops River system, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Bruce R. Ellender --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa Olaf L. F. Weyl --- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, South Africa Ernst R. Swartz --- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, South AfricaIn South Africa, fishes in headwater streams are increasingly being threatened by non-native fish invasions. These invasions originate primarily from source populations in mainstream rivers and impoundments. In the Blindekloof stream, a Swartkops River headwater tributary, the non-native Micropterus salmoides... -
Potential density and tree survival: an analysis based on South African spacing studies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Klaus von Gadow --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Heyns Kotze --- Mondi, South Africa Thomas Seifert --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Kai Staupendahl --- Argus Forstplanung, Germany Juan G Álvarez González --- University of Santiago de Compostela, SpainBecause of the high cost of maintaining a series of unthinned, densely stocked stands over long periods of time, suitable data about potential forest density and tree survival for different planting espacements are difficult to find. Direct assessment of the... -
Biology, incidence and host susceptibility of Pineus boerneri (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Colombian pine plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Carlos A Rodas --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Rubén Serna --- Universidad Nacional de Medellín, Colombia Maria D Bolaños --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Ginna M Granados --- Forestry Protection Programme, Colombia Michael J Wingfield --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa Brett P Hurley --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaAdelgids (Hemiptera) in the genus Pineus have been reported as introduced insect pests causing serious losses to Pinus plantations worldwide. In 2008, Pineus boerneri was recorded for the first time in Colombia, with infestations noted on Pinus kesiya, P. tecunumanii,... -
Modelling primary branch growth based on a multilevel nonlinear mixed‑effects model: a Pinus koraiensis plantation case study in north‑east China
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Lingbo Dong --- Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry, China Zhaogang Liu --- Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry, China Fengri Li --- Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry, China Lichun Jiang --- Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry, ChinaOn the basis of a multilevel nonlinear mixed‑effects model approach, branch diameter and length growth models were developed for a Pinus koraiensis plantation in north‑east China. The models developed were able to better capture the residual variation successfully by partitioning... -
Potential use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for pine species discrimination by examination of needles
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Silvana Nisgoski --- Department of Forest Engineering and Technology, Brazil Mayara E Carneiro --- Department of Forest Engineering and Technology, Brazil Elaine C Lengowski --- Department of Forest Engineering and Technology, Brazil Felipe Z Schardosin --- Department of Forest Engineering and Technology, Brazil Graciela I Bolzon de Muñiz --- Department of Forest Engineering and Technology, BrazilThe correct identification of pine species is necessary for proper application of wood in forest‑based industries, since the quality of each species’ wood depends on factors intrinsic to the material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential... -
Family variation in diameter growth and acoustic velocity in three 5‑year‑old South African‑grown Pinus elliottii×Pinus caribaea progeny trials established on three diverse sites
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Francois S Malan --- Research Division, South AfricaThis paper discusses family differences in the stiffness of young Pinus elliottii×P. caribaea wood and how these differences relate to differences in growth rate and altitude. Trees for measurement were obtained from three 5‑year‑old progeny trials established at three diverse... -
The implication of using a fixed form factor in areas under different rainfall and soil conditions for Pinus kesiya in Zambia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Darius Phiri --- School of Natural Resources, Zambia Eliud Phiri --- 47 Second Street, Mindolo, Zambia Robby Kasubika --- School of Natural Resources, Zambia Donald Zulu --- School of Natural Resources, Zambia Chisala Lwali --- School of Natural Resources, ZambiaThe study was undertaken to evaluate form factors for Pinus kesiya growing in the three Zambia Forest and Forestry Industries Corporation (ZAFFICO) plantations – the Ndola, Ichimpe and Chati groups – under different rainfall (900–1 500 mm) and soil conditions (pH... -
Product diversification in South Africa’s commercial timber plantations: a way to mitigate investment risk
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Verena C Griess --- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, Canada Britta Uhde --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa Cori Ham --- Institute of Forest Management, Germany Thomas Seifert --- Institute of Forest Management, GermanyWe used the portfolio method to examine how a forest company can lower investment risk by producing a mix of timber products. We derived optimum combinations of pine (Pinus patula) saw timber production and eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) pulpwood production at... -
The economics of the carbon sequestration potential of plantation forestry in south-western Uganda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Isaac Kiyingi --- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Uganda Abdi-Khalil Edriss --- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Faculty of Development Studies, Malawi Alexander MR Phiri --- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Faculty of Development Studies, Malawi Buyinza Mukadasi --- School of Postgraduate Studies, Uganda Susan Tumwebaze --- School of Forestry, Environment and Geographical Sciences, Uganda Hillary Agaba --- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, UgandaThis study assessed the amount of carbon stored and the economic viability of the small-scale Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon offsets in Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus grandis plantations under varying rotations. Volume equations were used to estimate carbon stocks and... -
Growing common plantation tree species in Kenya for sale of carbon and wood supply: what is the best bet?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Vincent Oeba --- African Forest Forum, c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kenya Larwanou Mahamane --- African Forest Forum, c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kenya Samuel CJ Otor --- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, Kenya James B Kung’u --- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, Kenya Muchiri N Mbae --- Kenya Forestry Research Institute, KenyaThe introduction of carbon finance as an incentive in forestry farming has a potential of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered. However, this has created a daunting task among investors in forestry to optimise the joint production of wood and... -
Post-establishment vegetation control in two pine saw-timber stands in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: KM LittleIn pine plantations, the effect of shading following canopy closure reduces the growth of competing vegetation. In some pine stands, particularly those grown for saw-timber, full canopy closure is not achieved due to a combination of the low initial planting... -
Freeze injury to roots of southern pine seedlings in the USA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: DB SouthRoots of pine seedlings can be injured by freezing temperatures and the degree of injury is affected by genotype and stage of acclimation. Local sources of Pinus echinata and P. virginiana that were acclimated by cold temperatures were relatively freeze... -
Bark thickness and bark volume of Pinus patula in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal • Authors: A. van LaarIn South Africa, tree volume tables and volume functions are usually based on the under bark stem volume. Many forest management studies, however, give the estimated over bark volume, in which case equations are required that estimate bark volume and... -
Health effects in fish from the polluted Orlando Dam and Klipspruit wetland system, Soweto, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: TS Bengu --- Department of Geography, South Africa J du Plessis --- Department of Zoology, South Africa LS Modley --- Department of Geography, South Africa JC van Dyk --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaPollution of aquatic ecosystems often results in adverse environmental disturbances, including physiological and/ or histomorphological changes in fish. The health of Clarias gariepinus sampled from two polluted water bodies, Orlando Dam and a pond in the Klipspruit wetland catchment, Soweto,... -
The potential for using red claw crayfish and hybrid African catfish as biological control agents for Schistosoma host snails
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: C Monde --- Copperbelt University, Zambia S Syampungani --- Copperbelt University, Zambia A Rico --- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Water, Science and Technology Campus, Spain PJ van den Brink --- Wageningen University, The NetherlandsThe potential of red claw crayfish and hybrid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus and Clarias ngamensis) as predators for Schistosoma host snails was evaluated in 2014 by monitoring the consumption of snails by crayfish and catfish in experimental tanks over time... -
Variation in selected solid wood properties of young Pinus patula from diverse sites in the Mpumalanga escarpment area in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Barry G Muller --- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Josua H Louw --- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Francois S Malan --- Research Centre, South Africa (retired)Regression analyses identified ‘Growth Days’ (an index expressing site moisture availability) as the only site variable contributing significantly to the prediction to wood density (R2 = 0.57), whereas the model predicting grain angle included only ‘Altitude’ (R2 = 0.60). These... -
Biology of Litosermyle ocanae in Colombian Pinus patula plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Carlos A Rodas --- Forest Health Protection Programme, Colombia Brett P Hurley --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South Africa María D Bolaños --- Forest Health Protection Programme, Colombia Ginna M Granados --- Forest Health Protection Programme, Colombia Michael J Wingfield --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), South AfricaPlantations of Pinus spp. in Colombia are severely damaged by various phasmid (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae) insects. Of these, Litosermyle ocanae is one of the most serious defoliators. Since 1988, several outbreaks have been recorded in Pinus patula plantations, resulting in substantial... -
The use of field and artificial freezing studies to assess frost tolerance in natural populations of Pinus oocarpa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Lizette de Waal --- Forestry Division, South Africa R Glen Mitchell --- Kuching, Malaysia Gary R Hodge --- Camcore, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, USA Paxie W Chirwa --- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, South AfricaThe susceptibility of Pinus oocarpa to freezing temperatures limits the commercial deployment of the highly productive Pinus patula × P. oocarpa hybrid in South Africa. Identifying P. oocarpa germplasm with increased frost tolerance is important. Twenty-three P. oocarpa provenances, originating... -
Increased planting density as a means for improving Pinus elliottii lumber stiffness
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Gideon M Froneman --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa C Brand Wessels --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaFaster growth and reduced harvesting ages are causing a reduction in the stiffness of lumber from South African grown pine plantations. The objective of this study was to determine whether increased planting densities of Pinus elliottii would result in improved... -
The introduction, spread and ecology of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in the Zambezi catchment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: RJ Douthwaite --- Kafue River Trust, Holly Oast, United Kingdom EW Jones --- 3 Cwm Arthur, Myddleton Park, United Kingdom AB Tyser --- Kafue River Trust, Holly Oast, United Kingdom SM Vrdoljak --- Wildtracks Lodge, ZambiaTwo of the four crayfish species brought to Zambia for aquaculture since 1979 are now naturalised. Procamburus clarkii occurs in the Maramba River at Livingstone, close to a former fish farm, whereas Cherax quadricarinatus, deliberately introduced to a number of... -
Pathogens and Pests Threatening Plantation Forestry in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: L. Jimu --- Department of Natural Resources, Zimbabwe L. Mujuru --- Department of Natural Resources, ZimbabweThe Zimbabwean forestry industry, which contributes significantly to the economy, was introduced in the 1940s and is dominated by Pinus spp., Eucalyptus spp. and Acacia mearnsii De Wild. This paper assembles and consolidates literature on diseases and pests of forest... -
The bionomics of whitegrub species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) affecting commercial forestry re-establishment in representative areas of the South African summer-rainfall region
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Derian Echeverri-Molina --- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa Prem Govender --- Research and Postgraduate Studies Directorate, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South AfricaSouth African commercial forestry plants mainly Eucalyptus, Pinus and Acacia species. Invertebrate pests play a significant role in the establishment phase of these exotic trees. Whitegrubs, in particular, are known to affect seedling survival during this period. Their pest status... -
Improved parameters of Pinus greggii seedling growth and health after inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Rebeca Casique Valdés --- Department of Horticulture, Mexico Rosalinda Mendoza Villarreal --- Department of Horticulture, Mexico Fernando Galindo García --- Department of Horticulture, Mexico Susana González Morales --- Department of Horticulture, Mexico Sergio Sanchez Peña --- Department of Parasitology, MexicoPinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. is an endemic pine of Mexico with notorious adaptability to eroded, shallow and poor soils. It is widely used in reforestation programmes worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to develop an ectomycorrhizal fungi... -
Developing a taper model for the Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea var. hondurensis hybrid in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Madeleen Algera --- Planning Department, Komatiland Forest, South Africa Christoph Kätsch --- Postgraduate Forest Programme, South Africa Paxie W Chirwa --- Postgraduate Forest Programme, South AfricaA relatively new hybrid, Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea var. hondurensis (Pexc), for which a taper model does not exist, is being planted commercially in South Africa. This study primarily focused on developing a taper model for Pexc in South... -
Forest gap size can efficiently promote litter decomposition and nutrient release in south-western China
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Xun Li --- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, China Danju Zhang --- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, China Yan Zhang --- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, China Jian Zhang --- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, China Simeng Song --- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, China Yang Zhou --- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, ChinaForest gaps are important in forest dynamics and management; however, the gap size that is most conducive to the decomposition of litter and promotion of nutrient cycling in forests remains poorly understood. The mass loss and nutrient release from Pinus... -
The effect of planting density on the stem form of Pinus patula trees
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: RA Charlton --- , South Africa Z Naghizadeh --- , South Africa A Kunneke --- , South Africa CB Wessels --- , South AfricaIn this study the effect of planting density on the stem form of Pinus patula trees was investigated. Four different spacing treatments of 403, 1 097, 1 808, and 2 981 stems per hectare (spha), and four stem form properties... -
Impact of pine plantation establishment on soil properties and fungal communities of natural forests in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Luke Jimu --- , Zimbabwe Innocent W Nyakudya --- , Zimbabwe Charles Magogo --- , Zimbabwe Admore Mureva --- , ZimbabweGlobally, large expanses of land were cleared for the establishment of exotic pine and eucalypt tree plantations for commercial purposes. In Zimbabwe, these plantations resulted in the clearance of over 120 000 ha of native vegetation, especially miombo woodlands that... -
Grasses as a refuge for Fusarium circinatum L. – evidence from South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Darryl A Herron --- , South Africa Michael J Wingfield --- , South Africa Felix Fru --- , South Africa Brenda D Wingfield --- , South Africa Emma T Steenkamp --- , South AfricaFusarium circinatum L. is an important pathogen in countries that grow and manage Pinus species. Approximately 50% or 600 000 ha of South Africa’s commercial plantations are planted to Pinus spp. and some of these are threatened by this fungus... -
Growth and modulus of elasticity of pine species and hybrids three years after planting in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: O Nilsson --- , Sweden G R Hodge --- , USA L J Frampton --- , USA W S Dvorak --- , USA J Bergh --- , SwedenGrowth data and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 11 different pine species and hybrids were examined at six sites in three regions in South Africa. Growth traits and three MOE variables were measured at three years of age in order... -
Screening of ectomycorrhizal and other associated fungi in South African forest nurseries
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: V Chartier FitzGerald --- , South Africa J Dames --- , South Africa G Hawley --- , South AfricaThe South African forestry industry covers approximately 1.3 million hectares and is dependent on exotic pine and eucalypt species. Nursery seedlings are not inoculated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. This investigation assessed levels of naturally occurring ECM colonisation of Pinus patula... -
The effect of adjacent vegetation on fire severity in Afrotemperate forest along the southern Cape coast of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Brandon Giddey --- , South Africa Johan A Baard --- , South Africa Lufuno Vhengani --- , South Africa Tineke Kraaij --- , South AfricaRecently two large wildfires (around the towns of Knysna in 2017 and George in 2018) jointly burnt over 80 000 ha in the southern Cape, South Africa. Here, patches of closed-canopy Afrotemperate forest occur within a matrix of fire-prone (native)... -
Post-fire tree regeneration from seed of the endangered Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa in the Maule region of central Chile
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Persy Gómez --- , Chile Sergio Espinoza --- , Chile Pedro Garrido --- , Chile José San Martín --- , Chile Yony Ormazábal --- , ChileThe endemic ruil (Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa) forest is one of the most endangered forest ecosystems in central Chile, where its regeneration is challenged by factors such as low seedling germination capacity and recently by fire. In this study, we sampled... -
Wood extraction performance with a farm tractor in a mountainous region of Brazil: cycle time, productivity and costs of two different work crews
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Rafael Oliveira Brown --- , Brazil Kauê Augusto Oliveira-Nascimento --- , Brazil Renato César Gonçalves Robert --- , Brazil Daniel DeArmond --- , BrazilHarvesting is a complex and expensive step within forestry operations. In mountainous terrain timber harvesting is complex due to the risks and limitations that the terrain imposes on traditional forms of wood extraction. The objective of this study was to... -
Gradual increase in the intensity of machine traffic in timber harvesting: effects on soil composition and functionality
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Miriam Fernanda Rodrigues --- , Brazil Diego Rodrigues --- , Brazil André Pellegrini --- , Brazil Elisandra Pocojeski --- , BrazilThis study describes the effects of gradually increasing the intensity of machine traffic in timber harvesting of Pinus taeda L. in a cut-to-length system on the severity of compaction and changes in functionality of a subtropical Oxisol in southern Brazil... -
DNA barcoding of five economically important freshwater fish species from the Nile River, Sudan
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: Asma Mahmoud Hamza --- University of Kassala, Sudan Amna Taj Elsir Mahjoub Mohammed --- University of Kassala, SudanThe study was conducted to barcode five freshwater fish species obtained from Nile River tributaries (the Atbara River and the Blue Nile), in March 2019, using analysis of partial CO1 gene sequences. Fish samples were identified morphologically as Nile perch... -
Wide variation in aggressiveness and growth in South African Fusarium circinatum isolates with geographical origin as the primary determinant
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: BS Swalarsk-Parry --- University of Pretoria, South Africa L De Vos --- University of Pretoria, South Africa FF Fru --- University of Pretoria, South Africa QC Santana --- University of Pretoria, South Africa MA van der Nest --- University of Pretoria, South Africa BD Wingfield --- University of Pretoria, South Africa MJ Wingfield --- University of Pretoria, South Africa DA Herron --- University of Pretoria, South Africa JB Ramaswe --- University of Pretoria, South Africa C Dewing --- University of Pretoria, South Africa M Sayari --- University of Pretoria, South Africa NA van der Merwe --- University of Pretoria, South Africa S van Wyk --- University of Pretoria, South Africa FA Lane --- University of Pretoria, South Africa AM Wilson --- University of Pretoria, South Africa OO Adegeye --- University of Pretoria, South Africa NC Soal --- University of Pretoria, South Africa J-L Price --- University of Pretoria, South Africa ET Steenkamp --- University of Pretoria, South AfricaFusarium circinatum is a globally important fungal pathogen that causes pitch canker on a wide range of Pinus species. In this study, we considered mycelial growth in culture and aggressiveness of a South African population of F. circinatum isolates. The... -
Floristic and structural changes in a neotropical urban novel forest over 13 years
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Marcelly de Souza Ventura --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Thales Castilhos de Freitas --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Ricardo Montianele de Castro --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Mariana Couto Cruz --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Kelly Antunes --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Taísa Nascimento de Souza --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Breno Moreira --- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil Fabrício Alvim Carvalho --- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, BrazilThe ecological importance of non-native species is the main characteristic of novel ecosystems. Pinus elliottii species is highly invasive in tropical forests and is commonly found in secondary forests in Brazil. We investigated the floristic and structural changes in an... -
The flexural and sawn timber properties of Pinus patula × tecunumanii (low elevation) from the southern Cape, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Brand Wessels --- Stellenbosch University, South Africa Christel Malek --- MTO Group, South Africa Gary R Hodge --- North Carolina State University, USA Bruno Monteiro Balboni --- Stellenbosch University, South AfricaPinus species currently planted for saw log production in the southern Cape, South Africa, present various challenges for growers and processors, including susceptibility to Fusarium circinatum, poor stem form, and various wood quality concerns. In this study P. patula ×...