On Closure Operators, the Reals, and Choice

Original Articles

On Closure Operators, the Reals, and Choice


Abstract

The behaviour and the relationships between various closure operators are investigated for subspaces of the reals in the setting of ZF, i. e., Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice. Typical results: Equivalent are:

Every subspace of R is a k-space.

The compact closure operator is idempotent for all subspaces of R.

CC (R), the axiom of countable choice for subsets of R, holds.

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