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The relationship between the nitrogen and nitrate content and nitrate toxicity potential of Lolium multiflorum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: R.J. Eckard --- Department of Agriculture and Water Supply (Natal Region), Republic of South AfricaThe interrelationships between the nitrate‐N and nitrogen content and dry matter yield of Midmar ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar) were investigated. Data were collected from N fertility trials, from two seasons (1985 and 1987) on four soil sites (Metz, Griffin,... -
The effect of source of nitrogen on the dry matter yield, nitrogen and nitrate‐N content of Lolium multiflorum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: R.J. Eckard --- Department of Agriculture and Water Supply (Natal Region), Republic of South AfricaThree sources of N fertilizer (urea, limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and ammonium sulphate) showed no consistent significant trends in terms of the dry matter yield and nitrogen or nitrate‐N content of midmar ryegrass. Ammonium sulphate was found to acidify the... -
A preliminary survey of viruses in pasture grasses in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: SarahN. Salm --- , Republic of South Africa M.E. Christine Rey --- Department of Microbiology,Little work has been done in South Africa on the incidence of viruses in pasture grasses. The aim of this work was to carry out a survey of virus infections of some of the economically‐important pasture grasses in South Africa... -
Epidemiology of ryegrass mosaic virus in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: SarahN. Salm --- , Republic of South Africa M.E. Christine Rey --- Department of Microbiology, Republic of South AfricaThe distribution and seasonal occurrence of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV) in South Africa was determined. Italian ryegrass plants were collected from eight different research stations twice during the growing season in 1990 and 1991. Samples were tested for the presence... -
An evaluation of the problem of volunteer ryegrass in seed production
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. van Staden --- UN/CSIR Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, Department of Botany, N.S. Hendry --- UN/CSIR Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, Department of Botany,This investigation was conducted to establish the degree and means of eliminating unwanted volunteers of Lolium multiflorum from fields used for seed production of a cultivar of the same species. This information is necessary in order to make recommendations with... -
Soil water use and rooting depth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in a small plot experiment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.E. Steynberg --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa N. F.G. Rethman --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaItalian ryegrass is planted mainly under irrigation in the summer rainfall region of South Africa. Irrigation practices are often based on the assumption that Italian ryegrass has an extremely shallow root system. A small plot experiment was conducted to ascertain... -
Water use rate and crop factors of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) under simulated grazing conditions in a small plot experiment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.E. Steynberg --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa N. F.G. Rethman --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaNo species specific irrigation norms are available for pastures in South Africa. A small plot experiment was conducted to establish irrigation norms for Italian ryegrass. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated by the Penman-Monteith formula. Crop factors were determined as the ratio... -
The response of Italian ryegrass to sodium, lime and potassium on an acidic Natal soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.D. Manson --- , Republic of South AfricaUnless corrected, soil acidity and K deficiency frequently limit growth of intensive temperate pastures on highly weathered soils in South Africa. A field trial, with Italian ryegrass (cv. Midmar), was established on a Himeville sandy clay loam (typic Hapludox) for... -
The influence of applied nitrogen on herbage yield and quality of Lolium perenne L. pastures during the establishment year under subtropical conditions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: F.R. McKenzie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaThe dry matter (DM) yield, cellulase DM disappearance (CDMD) and herbage nitrogen (N) of sheep-grazed perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne (L.)] during its establishment year was evaluated. Yield and quality were monitored under N applications ranging from 120 to 720 kg... -
The effect of grazing frequency and intensity on the root development of Lolium perenne L. under subtropical conditions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: F.R. Mckenzie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaThe root organic matter (OM) per unit volume of soil of Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) was evaluated over two years under subtropical conditions. Root OM was measured on five separate occasions in four soil-depth categories (0–50, 50–100, 100–200 and... -
The response of Lolium multiflorum (Lam.) to applied phosphorus and potassium on a cricket pitch clay
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: N.M. Tainton --- Department of Range and Forage Resources, Republic of South Africa J.R. Klug --- Department of Range and Forage Resources, Republic of South Africa N. Miles --- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture, Republic of South Africa C.D. Morris --- , Republic of South AfricaLolium multiflorum cv. Barmultra was used to evaluate the P and K status of plants grown on a smectitic soil commonly used for the construction of cricket pitches in the coastal regions of South Africa. Bulli was treated with P... -
The effects of strategic nitrogen fertiliser application during the cool season on perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures in the Western Cape Province 1. Soil nitrogen dynamics
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. Labuschagne --- , South Africa M.B. Hardy --- Department of Agriculture Western Cape, South Africa G.A. Agenbag --- , South AfricaThe dynamics of soil inorganic-N in reaction to a single, strategic application of fertiliser N were studied during the period 2000 to 2002 in an Oakleaf soil with a clay content increasing from 10 to 30.8% with depth. Soil inorganic-N... -
The effects of strategic nitrogen fertiliser application during the cool season on perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures in the Western Cape Province 2. Dry matter production
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. Labuschagne --- , South Africa M.B. Hardy --- Department of Agriculture Western Cape, South Africa G.A. Agenbag --- , South AfricaThe response of an irrigated perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture to fertiliser nitrogen application rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 applied in either autumn, early winter, late winter, early spring or late spring was investigated over a... -
The effects of strategic nitrogen fertiliser application during the cool season on perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures in the Western Cape Province 3. Clover content
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. Labuschagne --- , South Africa M.B. Hardy --- Department of Agriculture Western Cape, South Africa G.A. Agenbag --- , South AfricaThe influence of a single application of fertiliser N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1) applied in either autumn, early winter, late winter, early spring or late spring on the grass-clover balance in a perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture... -
The influence of nitrogen and defoliation on the nitrogen content of Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: J F Theron W L J van Rensburg H A SnymanThe response of the nitrogen content in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar) to a variation in applied nitrogen (0kg N ha-1, 150kg N ha-1, 300kg N ha-1 and 450kg N ha-1) and defoliation intervals (every 2, 4, 6 and 8... -
The influence of nitrogen and defoliation on digestibility and fibre content of Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: JF Theron HA SnymanThe influence of different N fertiliser application levels (0, 150, 300 and 450kg N ha–1) in combination with different defoliation intervals (every 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and twice a season) on the digestibility and fibre component of ryegrass... -
Influence of nitrogen fertilisation on forage and animal production of a continuously grazed irrigated grass/clover pasture in the Rûens area of the southern Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: J.M. van Heerden --- Department of Agricultural Development, Republic of South Africa W. Durand --- Department of Agricultural Development, Republic of South AfricaThe production of an irrigated grass/clover pasture was evaluated under continuous grazing at a range of stocking rates (20.6 to 35.9 Merino ewe units ha‐1 and two nitrogen fertiliser treatments (0 and 300 kg N ha‐1 a‐1) over a period... -
Research Note: The use of Lolium multiflorum and uninoculated Trifolium subterraneum as reference crops in nitrogen fixation studies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: M. Trytsman --- Agricultural Research Council, Republic of South Africa W.D. Stock --- Department of Botany, Republic of South Africa C.J. Otto --- Agricultural Research Council, Republic of South AfricaThe 15N natural abundance and15 N dilution methods were used to determine the viability of using either Lolium multiflorum (annual ryegrass) or uninoculated Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover), as non‐fixing reference crops in N2‐fixation studies. The δ13N values for the15 N... -
Research note: Vernalization requirements of Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Tetrone
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: A. Landman --- Agricultural Research Council, Republic of South Africa P.J. Robbertse --- Department of Botany, Republic of South Africa A. Smith --- Agricultural Research Council, Republic of South AfricaThis study was undertaken mainly to attempt to understand why Italian type plants of Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) fail to become vernalized in certain climatic regions of South Africa. The vernalization requirements of seed and plants for the induction... -
Research note: The influence of applied nitrogen on the root development of Lolium perenne L. one year after establishment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: F.R. Mckenzie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South Africa C.D. Morris --- , Republic of South AfricaThe effect of different levels of applied nitrogen (N) (ranging from 120–720 kg N ha−1 a−1) on the root development of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was examined at the end of the establishment year. Increasing levels of applied N... -
Effect of grazing frequency and intensity on Lolium perenne L. pastures under subtropical conditions: Herbage production
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: F.R. Mckenzie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South Africa N.M. Tainton --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaThe dry matter (DM) production of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) pastures was evaluated under subtropical conditions for two years, under five combinations of grazing frequency and intensity, each applied in a rotational grazing system. Simulated continuous grazing (CG) was also... -
Effect of grazing frequency and intensity on Lolium perenne L. pastures under subtropical conditions: Herbage quality
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: F.R. Mckenzie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South Africa N.M. Tainton --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaThe cellulase dry matter disappearance (CDMD) and herbage nitrogen (N) of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) were evaluated for pastures grown under subtropical conditions for two years, under five combinations of grazing frequency and intensity, each applied in a rotational grazing... -
Influence of grazing frequency and intensity on aerial and reproductive tillering in Lolium perenne L. under subtropical conditions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: F.R. McKenzie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaReproductive and aerial tillering dynamics in Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) was monitored for two years under grazing. Reproductive tillers were observed from winter (June) to midsummer (February) with the main period of initiation occurring in spring to early summer... -
Influence of single applications of nitrogen on white clover nitrogen fixation in autumn and winter dairy pastures in south‐west Victoria, Australia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: F.R. McKenzie --- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Australia J.L. Jacobs --- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Australia P. Riffkin --- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Australia G. Kearney --- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, AustraliaEffects of nitrogen (N) (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg N ha−1) applied at five different times during autumn and early winter on the N fixation of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) in Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) /... -
The influence of nitrogen and defoliation on production and water‐use efficiency of Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: J.F. Theron --- Department of Agriculture, FSR‐E Unit, Republic of South Africa W.L.J. van Rensburg --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different nitrogen fertiliser application levels in combination with different defoliation intervals on the dry matter (DM) production and water‐use efficiency of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum,) cv. Midmar. In a field... -
Kikuyu over-sown with ryegrass and clover: dry matter production, botanical composition and nutritional value
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: PR Botha R Meeske HA SnymanThe seasonality of growth and low nutritional value of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture restrict milk production. The aim of the study was to determine the dry matter yield, botanical composition and nutritional value of irrigated kikuyu over-sown with annual ryegrass... -
Kikuyu over-sown with ryegrass and clover: grazing capacity, milk production and milk composition
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: PR Botha R Meeske HA SnymanThe high dry matter yield of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) under favourable conditions supports high stocking rates and milk production per hectare. However, the quality of kikuyu is generally low and consequently the milk production per cow is also low. The... -
Seasonal dry matter production, botanical composition and forage quality of kikuyu over-sown with annual or perennial ryegrass
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Janke van der Colf --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, South Africa Philip R Botha --- Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South Africa Robin Meeske --- Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South Africa Wayne F Truter --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, South AfricaThe seasonal growth and low forage quality of kikuyu restrict milk production. The aim of this study was to determine the yield and nutritional value of irrigated kikuyu over-sown with perennial, Italian or Westerwolds ryegrass grazed by dairy cows. The... -
Production potential of Italian and Westerwolds ryegrass established at different planting dates
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Philip R Botha --- Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Outeniqua Research Farm, South Africa Lethu B Zulu --- Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Outeniqua Research Farm, South Africa Janke van der Colf --- Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Outeniqua Research Farm, South Africa Pieter A Swanepoel --- Department of Agronomy, South AfricaFodder flow planning is essential for dairy-pasture systems because its implementation allows fodder to be available throughout the year. Italian and Westerwolds ryegrass varieties (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum and westerwoldicum, respectively) are temperate annuals often planted in the southern Cape... -
Crop rotation and tillage system effects on reducing ryegrass occurrence in spring wheat
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Sinovuyo M Nteyi --- Department of Agricultural Management, South Africa Raymond MB Auerbach --- Department of Agricultural Management, South Africa Michael I Ferreira --- Plant Sciences, South Africa Johan Labuschagne --- Plant Sciences, South AfricaUnder the Mediterranean climatic conditions of the Western Cape province, the Swartland region is intensively cropped, producing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), but due to ryegrass competition, yield is reduced. In addition, ryegrass has developed resistance to herbicides. This necessitates... -
Oat silage for grazing dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central Mexico
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Victor Andrés Burbano-Muñoz --- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Mexico Felipe López-González --- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Mexico Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores --- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Mexico Pedro Alan Sainz-Sánchez --- Institut für Tropische Agrarwissenschaften (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Fachgebiet Tierernährung und Weidewirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen, Germany Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán --- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, MexicoThe objective was to evaluate the provision of oat silage (Avena sativa) to supplement grazing dairy cows on pastures of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), festulolium (Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) during the dry season when...