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The role of insect damage in the colonization of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods by fungi
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. van Eeden --- , Republic of South Africa J. B.J van Flensburg --- Summer Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa T. C. de K. van der Linde --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Republic of South AfricaThe incidence of fungal infection in insect-damaged and healthy pods and the resultant colonization of kernels was determined from commercial fields at four localities over a period of two seasons. Based on number of colonies per 100 plates, the order... -
In-vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi by soluble potassium silicate
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T.F. Bekker --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, C. Kaiser --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, R. v.d. Merwe --- department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, N. Labuschagne --- department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology,Soluble silicon has been reported to suppress some plant diseases, but in vitro inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi has not been demonstrated. In the current study in-vitro dose-responses towards soluble potassium silicate (20.7% SiO2) were determined for Phytophthora cinnamomi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,... -
The antifungal activity of potassium silicate and the role of pH against selected plant pathogenic fungi in vitro
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: T. F. Bekker --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, South Africa C. Kaiser --- , USA N. Labuschagne --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, South AfricaIn-vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi grown on potassium silicate amended media has been demonstrated. In the current study the respective effects on fungal growth of changes in the pH of growth medium with increased concentrations of potassium... -
Post establishment survival of Pinus patula in Mpumalanga, one year after planting
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: The Southern African Forestry Journal • Authors: J. W. CrousRecent evidence indicated that the pathogen Fusarium circinatum might be contributing significantly to post-planting mortality. Consequently, sixteen experimental sample plots, widely distributed over many localities in Mpumalanga, were established over two growing seasons to quantify the extent of pest and... -
Fungi associated with Eichhornia crassipes in South Africa and their pathogenicity under controlled conditions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: P Ray --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa MP Hill --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaEichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae), water hyacinth, continues to be the world's worst aquatic weed. In South Africa, considerable research has been conducted on biological control agents associated with water hyacinth, with the release of six arthropods and one fungus,... -
Effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the protection of Uapaca kirkiana seedlings against root pathogens in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: K Ramachela --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South Africa JM Theron --- Department of Forest and Wood Science, South AfricaInvestigations carried out on the use of ectomycorhhizal fungi in the management of Uapaca kirkiana root diseases caused by three pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora parasitica and Pseudomonas solani) revealed that different mycorrhizal fungi vary in their ability to protect roots... -
Pruning quality affects infection of Acacia mangium and A. crassicarpa by Ceratocystis acaciivora and Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: M Tarigan --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa MJ Wingfield --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa M van Wyk --- Department of Genetics, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South Africa B Tjahjono --- , Indonesia J Roux --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, South AfricaPruning (singling) is a common silvicultural practice in commercial Acacia plantations because these trees tend to have multiple stems. The wounds resulting from pruning are susceptible to infection by pathogens. Ceratocystis acaciivora and Lasiodiplodia theobromae have been shown recently to... -
Global forest research, science education and community service positively impacted by a unique Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: EmmaT Steenkamp --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, DST–NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, South Africa MichaelJ Wingfield --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, DST–NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, South AfricaDespite their importance in ecosystems and biodiversity, very little is known about the health of trees in the native environments of South Africa. The vision and primary goal of the Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) is therefore... -
A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infect Eucalyptus in native and non-native environments
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: B Slippers T Burgess D Pavlic R Ahumada H Maleme S Mohali C Rodas MJ WingfieldThe Botryosphaeriaceae cause endophytic infections of leaves and bark of various trees, including Eucalyptus, and they apparently persist in this state for extended periods of time. Under conditions of stress, these fungi cause many different disease symptoms on Eucalyptus, of... -
Ceratocystis species: emerging pathogens of non-native plantation Eucalyptus and Acacia species
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: J Roux MJ WingfieldThe fungal genus Ceratocystis includes many economically important tree pathogens. Until the 1980s, this genus of plant pathogens was not known from non-native plantation-grown forestry species. However, during the course of the last 20 years, a number of reports have... -
Health and nutrition of plantation eucalypts in Asia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: B Dell G Hardy T BurgessUnderstanding site fertility constraints has lifted productivity of eucalypt plantations in East and South-east Asia through targeted application of inorganic fertilisers. Whilst most attention has been given to the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in silvicultural prescriptions, and inoculation with... -
Eucalypt pests and diseases: growing threats to plantation productivity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MJ Wingfield B Slippers BP Hurley TA Coutinho BD Wingfield J RouxPlantations of eucalypts (species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia), particularly in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere, have expanded dramatically during the course of the last 100 years. The nature of these plantations has changed substantially as selection, breeding, hybridisation, vegetative propagation... -
Morphological identification of the ryegrass hybrid Lolium multiflorum × Lolium perenne and isolation of the pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum in the Western Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Michael I Ferreira --- Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South Africa Carl F Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, South Africa Sandra C Lamprecht --- Agricultural Research Council–Plant Protection Research Institute, South Africa Marna Sinclair --- Veterinary Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South Africa Liezl MacKenzie --- Directorate Research Support Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South Africa Gert van Coller --- Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South AfricaWeed resistance to herbicides present one of the greatest current economic challenges to agriculture. Herbicide resistant ryegrass (Lolium spp.) is a serious problem in Western Cape grain-producing areas. Morphological and pathogenic analyses were performed on ryegrass samples. Morphologically, 50% of... -
Histological confirmation of epizootic ulcerative syndrome in two cyprinid species from Lake Liambezi, Zambezi Region, Namibia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Kyle J. McHugh --- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa Kevin W. Christison --- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa Olaf L.F. Weyl --- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity,, South Africa Nico J. Smit --- Water Research Group (Ecology), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, South AfricaEpizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is a fish disease caused by an infection of the oomycete, Aphanomyces invadans. During a fish biodiversity assessment of Lake Liambezi, Zambezi Region, Namibia, in August 2011, two Barbus haasianus and three Barbus unitaeniatus with circular... -
Early rheumatoid arthritis: focus on RA in the developing world
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: Mahmood MTM Ally --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, South Africa Pieter WA Meyer --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, South Africa Ronald Anderson --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, South AfricaA review was undertaken of pathogenic mechanisms in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and strategies for cost-effective management of RA in the developing world. Pitfalls in early disease are explored and the importance of aggressive measurable disease control is emphasised. -
Epidemiology of cystic fibrosis respiratory pathogens isolated at a South African Hospital, 2006–2010
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases • Authors: Vindana Chibabhai --- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South Africa Warren Lowman --- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South AfricaBackground: The epidemiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) associated pathogens other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the South African cystic fibrosis population has not been previously described. -
A review of microbial hazards associated with meat processing in butcheries
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development • Authors: L. B. Shilenge --- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Health, South Africa K. Shale --- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Health, South Africa T. Matodzi --- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Health, South Africa F. Machete --- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, South Africa C. Tshelane --- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Health, South AfricaMeat is highly nutritional and rich in proteins, which makes it a good substrate for possible microbial growth. As a result, in its raw state, meat is easily susceptible to colonization by microorganisms. This study describes the possible sources of... -
Fungi and insects associated with Euphorbia ingens die-off in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Johannes A van der Linde --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (NAS), South Africa Diana L Six --- College of Forestry and Conservation, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, USA Michael J Wingfield --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (NAS), South Africa Jolanda Roux --- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, NAS, South AfricaEuphorbia ingens, landmark succulent trees in savannas of South Africa, have been dying in large numbers over the last 10–15 years. Initial studies conducted in the Limpopo province of South Africa revealed a diverse group of biotic agents including fungi,... -
Lesion size induced by Chrysoporthe fungal pathogens varies between Eucalyptus species and geographic locations in Zambia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Donald Chungu --- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Zambia Jedrick Siyingwa --- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Zambia Phillimon Ng’andwe --- Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, School of Natural Resources, Zambia Bertha Chitala Chungu --- School of Business, ZambiaChrysoporthe canker disease is one of the serious threats facing planted Eucalyptus in southern Africa. In order to manage this disease, planting of less susceptible species of Eucalyptus has been promoted in many countries but it is not clear which... -
Remote sensing of forest health and vitality: a South African perspective
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Sifiso Xulu --- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Michael T Gebreslasie --- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Kabir Y Peerbhay --- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaCommercial forestry plantations are an important and valuable segment of the South African economy and forest managers are required to maximise and sustain forest productivity. However, various factors such as the outbreak of damaging agents are constantly hampering forest health... -
Fungal genomes enhance our understanding of the pathogens affecting trees cultivated in Southern Hemisphere plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: MPA Coetzee --- , South Africa QC Santana --- , South Africa ET Steenkamp --- , South Africa BD Wingfield --- , South Africa MJ Wingfield --- , South AfricaForest pathogens are a major cause of forest disturbances and they have a significant economic impact on commercial forestry. Genomics is an important technology now available for studies concerning tree health, enabling researchers to better understand pathosystems and potentially to... -
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l. causes an outbreak of anthracnose of cacao in Ghana
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: EK Asare --- , Ghana O Domfeh --- , Ghana SW Avicor --- , Ghana P Pobee --- , Ghana Y Bukari --- , Ghana I Amoako-Attah --- , GhanaOutbreak of anthracnose of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), covering an estimated total growing area of 248.47 hectares, occurred in parts of Ghana from July to October 2019. Disease samples were collected from the outbreak areas to isolate and identify the... -
Seasonal variation in water quality, plankton diversity and microbial load of tropical freshwater lakes in Nigeria
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: Ihuoma N Anyanwu --- , Nigeria Confidence A Ezema --- , Nigeria Sowechi Ebi --- , Nigeria Chinyere A Nwajiuba --- , Nigeria Okoro Nworie --- , Nigeria Chioma O Anorue --- , NigeriaSeasonal changes significantly affect tropical ecosystems; hence, verification of how these changes affect water quality is important for waterbodies that serve as water and food sources, particular as such changes are often associated with shifts in plankton diversity and microbial... -
Increasing resilience to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and other health threats in food-insecure communities
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: Karen Morris --- , South Africa Thandi Puoane --- , South AfricaThe health of the majority of South Africa’s population is seriously threatened by hunger and micronutrient deficiency, with impaired immune response a real threat, which the current SARSCoV-2 virus pandemic has highlighted. Traditional household food-processing techniques can, amongst other advantages,... -
A serious shoot and leaf disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola discovered on eucalypts in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Myriam Solís --- , South Africa Michael J Wingfield --- , South Africa Izette Greyling --- , South Africa Nam Q Pham --- , South AfricaEucalypt plantations in South Africa make up an important part of the local forestry industry. Recently, one-year-old nursery plants of a Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla variety displayed symptoms of leaf and shoot anthracnose disease. Samples were collected from these... -
An allele-specific PCR assay for detection of mutations that confer benzimidazole resistance and zoxamide sensitivity in Phyllosticta citricarpa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Beatrix Coetzee --- Stellenbosch University, South Africa Elma Carstens --- Citrus Research International (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Gerhardus C Schutte --- Avima (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Elaine Basson --- Citrus Research International (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Mia J Groeneveld --- Stellenbosch University, South Africa Tankiso Mpholo --- Land Reform and Rural Development, South Africa Providence Moyo --- Citrus Research International (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Jessica C Winn --- Stellenbosch University, South Africa Paul H Fourie --- Citrus Research International (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Aletta E Bester van der Merwe --- Stellenbosch University, South AfricaPhyllosticta citricarpa is the causative agent of citrus black spot (CBS), a cosmetic fungal disease that has been reported in most of the citrus-growing regions of the world. The occurrence of CBS in orchards is predominantly controlled by the application... -
Herbicide trials on Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Asteraceae) during adverse conditions reveal incompatibility with biocontrol and a narrow window of opportunity for chemical control
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: JM Goodall --- University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa ETF Witkowski --- University of the Witwatersrand, South AfricaHerbicide trials on pompom weed Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae) were carried out in grasslands with xeric and hydric soils, at sites in Gauteng, South Africa, from 2005 to 2008. The rust fungus Puccinia eupatorii Dietel, an established self-perpetuating biocontrol... -
Wide variation in aggressiveness and growth in South African Fusarium circinatum isolates with geographical origin as the primary determinant
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: BS Swalarsk-Parry --- University of Pretoria, South Africa L De Vos --- University of Pretoria, South Africa FF Fru --- University of Pretoria, South Africa QC Santana --- University of Pretoria, South Africa MA van der Nest --- University of Pretoria, South Africa BD Wingfield --- University of Pretoria, South Africa MJ Wingfield --- University of Pretoria, South Africa DA Herron --- University of Pretoria, South Africa JB Ramaswe --- University of Pretoria, South Africa C Dewing --- University of Pretoria, South Africa M Sayari --- University of Pretoria, South Africa NA van der Merwe --- University of Pretoria, South Africa S van Wyk --- University of Pretoria, South Africa FA Lane --- University of Pretoria, South Africa AM Wilson --- University of Pretoria, South Africa OO Adegeye --- University of Pretoria, South Africa NC Soal --- University of Pretoria, South Africa J-L Price --- University of Pretoria, South Africa ET Steenkamp --- University of Pretoria, South AfricaFusarium circinatum is a globally important fungal pathogen that causes pitch canker on a wide range of Pinus species. In this study, we considered mycelial growth in culture and aggressiveness of a South African population of F. circinatum isolates. The...