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Canopy temperature as a plant water stress indicator for nectarines
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Helga Tormann --- ,Three-year-old nectarine trees of the cultivar Independence grown in free-drainage lysimeters were exposed to a wet and a dry treatment, i.e. high soil moisture content throughout or progressive soil drying respectively. The canopy temperature of the trees was measured with... -
Invloed van tyd van ringelering op vruggrootte en rypwording van nektariens
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Hannelie Agenbag --- , Republiek van Suid-AfrikaVoldraende Sunlite nektarienbome is in vyf produksie gebiede op 5, 6, 7, 8 en 9 weke na volblom geringeleer in 'n poging om ringelering se effek op vrugkwaliteit vas te stel. Alle ringeleerbehandelings het skynbaar tot groter vrugte gelei, maar... -
Effect of blossom stage of ‘Alpine’ nectarine on efficacy of chemical thinning using Armothin
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.S. North --- Division of Horticulture, South Africa M. Booyse --- Biometry Unit, South AfricaFruit thinning of peach and nectarine cultivars is essential to maximize profitability and stabilize production and is routinely done by hand thinning of blossoms and early fruit. Chemical thinning of blossoms may reduce the cost of manual labour, but results... -
Sunbirds hover at flowers of Salvia and Lycium
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology • Authors: Petra Wester --- Department of Botany and Zoology, South AfricaSunbirds usually perch when visiting flowers for nectar and only rarely hover. Except for three studies of sunbirds visiting introduced plants in South Africa and India as well as a native plant in Cameroon, there have been no quantitative studies... -
Vocal mimicry by sunbirds and the first record of mimicry by Dusky Sunbird Cinnyris fuscus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology • Authors: Michael SL Mills --- AP Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, NigeriaVocal mimicry is rarely observed among members of the Nectariniidae (sunbirds), with the only African species known to do so regularly being Socotra Sunbird Chalcomitra balfouri. Here I document and describe for the first time vocal mimicry by Dusky Sunbird... -
Nectar feeding by weavers (Ploceidae) and their role as pollinators
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology • Authors: Adrian JFK Craig --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaReviews of nectar-feeding by birds initially focused on specialist nectarivores and ignored the role that more generalist feeders may play in plant pollination. Recent work has emphasised the range of bird species, both specialist and opportunistic, that feed on nectar... -
Bee food: the chemistry and nutritional value of nectar, pollen and mixtures of the two
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Susan W. Nicolson --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaBees are herbivorous insects, consuming nectar and pollen throughout their life cycles. This paper is a brief review of the chemistry of these two floral resources and the implications for bee nutrition. Nectar is primarily an energy source, but in... -
Blood plasma glucose regulation in Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Babalwa R. Mqokeli --- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Colleen T. Downs --- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaFrugivores feed on fruits and nectars that contain different types of sugars in different proportions, which provide these animals with energy. Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) has a high glucose intake irrespective of sugar concentration of nectar. It is... -
Interference competition between sunbirds and carpenter bees for the nectar of Hypoestes aristata
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Robert Tropek --- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic Michael Bartoš --- University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic Eliška Padyšáková --- University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic Štěpán Janeček --- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicInterference competition for nectar sources has been repeatedly described between hummingbirds and various insects, but rarely recorded in other nectari-vorous birds. We observed aggressive behaviour by African sunbirds (Cinnyris reichenowi and Cinnyris bouvieri) defending the nectar plant Hypoestes aristata against... -
Sugar type and concentration preference of the Cape white-eye, Zosterops virens
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Minke Witteveen --- University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Mark Brown --- University of KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaDifferences in nectar characteristics of bird-pollinated plants were originally attributed to whether the plant was pollinated by non-passerine hummingbirds or passerine nectarivores. Subsequently this has been refuted and it is now hypothesized that these differences reflect whether the plants are... -
Nocturnal pectoral tuft display in the malachite sunbird
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Andrea E. Wellmann --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South Africa Colleen T. Downs --- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, South AfricaDiurnal birds generally sleep during the hours of darkness. Most male southern African sunbirds have pectoral tufts, although the function of these is not always understood. We examined nocturnal tuft display in male malachite sunbirds (Nectarinia famosa) and found that... -
Reliability and quality of artificial nectar feeders for birds in the Cape Floristic Region
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology • Authors: Anina Coetzee --- , South Africa Phoebe Barnard --- , South Africa Anton Pauw --- , South AfricaSupplementary feeding of birds may have considerable ecological and evolutionary effects on bird communities. However, there is a lack of basic information on the prevalence, frequency and quality of supplementary feeders, especially in African urban areas. Here we describe the... -
Temporal partitioning of diurnal bird and nocturnal small mammal visitors to a winter flowering endemic succulent
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Stephanie L Payne --- , South Africa Craig T Symes --- , South Africa Ed TF Witkowski --- , South AfricaFloral nectar is an important attractant and reward for visitors, and is often produced in synchrony with peak activity of pollinators. Aloe peglerae flowers in winter, and previous studies have shown that it is pollinated primarily by diurnal generalist birds,...