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THE USE OF BENZOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS FISH TRANQUILLIZER AND ANAESTHETIC IN SALINE WATERS
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.T. Barham --- Department of Zoology, South Africa K.M. Caiger --- Department of Zoology, South Africa J. G.J. Visser --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaThe anaesthetic effects of various concentrations of benzocaine hydrochloride were tested on Liza macrolepis and Sarotherodor mossambicus in sea water and diluted sea water, respectively. Induction time for anaesthesia was negatively correlated with increasing anaesthetic concentrations in L. macrolepis. -
An audit of anaesthetic record keeping
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: M Raff --- , South Africa MFM James --- University of Cape Town, South AfricaAn audit of anaesthetic records was performed to determine the rate of completion and adequacy of such records. Less than one third of all records was complete and legible. In one quarter of all anaesthetics, no record of any kind... -
Attenuation of the haemodynamic response to placement of the Mayfield skull pin head holder: alfentanil versus scalp block
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: FJ Smith --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, South Africa CJ van der Merwe --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, South Africa PJ Becker --- Unit for Biostatistics, South AfricaIntroduction: Application of the Mayfield clamp causes a significant haemodynamic response. Different methods have been used to attenuate this response. We compared two of these methods, namely alfentanil bolus (Group A) and nerve block of the scalp (Group B). METHOD:... -
Acute hyperventilation leading to hypocalcaemia during spinal anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: N Kumar --- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, India S Podder --- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, India T Sinha --- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, India GD Puri --- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, IndiaThe most common cause of hypocalcaemia under general anaesthesia is acute mechanical hyperventilation, but hypocalcaemia during spinal anaesthesia has not been reported. This case report describes the development of hypocalcaemia due to hyperventilation in a patient undergoing appendicectomy under spinal... -
A quantification of discharge readiness after outpatient anaesthesia: patients' vs nurses' assesment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: H Vaghadia --- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Canada K Cheung --- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Canada C Henderson --- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Canada A V G Stewart --- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Canada P H Lennox --- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, CanadaObjectives: Criteria for discharge after outpatient surgery do not take into consideration the patients' assessment of discharge readiness. Our aim was to compare discharge readiness as determined by nurses with that determined by patients against the modified Aldrete score as... -
Recovery room nurses' knowledge regarding postoperative airway emergencies in adults in private hospitals in Northern Gauteng, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: T van Huyssteen --- Critical care unit, South Africa ADH Botha --- Department of Nursing Science, South AfricaBackground: Recovery room nurses should have the knowledge and skill to identify and manage postoperative airway emergencies in adult patients. Aim: To determine the knowledge of recovery room nurses regarding postoperative airway emergencies in adult patients in private hospitals in... -
Remifentanil in a patient with Huntington's chorea
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: CH Daniel --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaRelatively few published case reports related to the anaesthetic management of Huntington's chorea (HC) exist. At the time of surgery no publications were found related to remifentanil's use in patients with HC. This case report describes the management of a... -
A comparison of EEG spectral entropy with conventional quantitative EEG at varying depths of sevoflurane anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: PR Bartel --- Department of Neurology, South Africa FJ Smith --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa PJ Becker --- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, and Faculty of Health Sciences, South AfricaBackground and Aim: Recently an electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral entropy module (M-ENTROPY) for an anaesthetic monitor has become commercially available. We compared its performance as an indicator of the state of anaesthesia with that of an older conventional quantitative EEG (QEEG)... -
Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on oxygenation and haemodynamic performance during one-lung ventilation in pigs
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: K Schwarzkopf --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Germany T Schreiber --- Institute for Experimental Animals, University of Jena, Germany H Schubert --- Institute for Experimental Animals, University of Jena, Germany N Preussler --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Germany L Hueter --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, GermanyObjective: To study the effects of 20 ppm inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on haemodynamics and systemic oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in vivo. Design: Prospective animal study with a cross-over design. Setting: Animal laboratory of a university hospital. Subjects: Eight... -
The child with asthma for anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: R Spies --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaAsthma is one of the most common coexisting diseases in children, and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Morbidity is measured by school absences, emergency department visits and hospitalisations. Asthma continues to take the lives of children... -
General anaesthesia with and without intubation for patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Y Asahi --- Department of Dentistry, Japan I Tsujimoto --- Department of Dentistry, Japan Y Kawai --- Department of Anesthesia, Japan M Sugimoto --- Department of Anesthesia, Japan T Suzuki --- Department of Anesthesia, Japan S Omichi --- Department of Dentistry, Japan M Kogo --- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japan J Kotani --- Department of Anesthesiology, JapanWe present the use of different methods of general anaesthesia in two patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and its contribution to the patients' oral health. -
Haemostatic problems in liver surgery: A review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: PC Gordon --- Department of Anaesthesia, DJ Batty --- Department of Anaesthesia, -
Anaesthesia for a morbidly obese patient with schizophrenia and intellectual disability
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Y Asahi --- Department of Dentistry, Japan Y Kawai --- Department of Anesthesia, Japan M Sugimoto --- Department of Anesthesia, Japan T Suzuki --- Department of Anesthesia, Japan S Omichi --- Department of Dentistry, Japan J Kotani --- Department of Anesthesiology, JapanWe report the case of a morbidly obese woman with schizophrenia and intellectual disability who underwent dental treatment using general anaesthesia. The 38-year-old patient was 156 cm tall and weighed 140 kg, with a body mass index of 57.5 kg... -
Correlation between spinal column length and the spread of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine in the term parturient
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: WM Wan Rahiza --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia AR Raha --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia A Muhd Helmi --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia MN Nadia --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia M Muhammad --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia Z Azmil Farid --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia I Azarinah --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia MZ Jaafar --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, MalaysiaBackground: Anaesthetists frequently tailor the subarachnoid local anaesthetic dosage according to parturient height to achieve sensory blockade up to the T4 dermatome for lower segment Caesarean sections (LSCSs). Studies that have been conducted have demonstrated that height does not affect... -
Anaesthetic challenges in emergency peripartum hysterectomy in West Africa: a Nigerian perspective
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: UV Okafor --- Department of Anaesthesia, Nigeria HU Ezegwui --- Department of Anaesthesia, Nigeria O Okezie --- Department of Anaesthesia, NigeriaBackground: To determine the foeto-maternal outcome and the anaesthetic challenges in emergency peripartum hysterectomy at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria. -
Cardiac arrest during transurethral resection of the prostate: the overzealous restriction of intravenous fluids—a possible cause?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: N Srinivasan --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India L Shenoy --- Department of Anaesthesiology, IndiaCardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia has been widely reported in literature, with several mechanisms being described. There have so far, however, been no reports of cardiac arrest after spinal anaesthesia during transurethral resection in prostate surgery. We report on a... -
Anaesthetic management of a parturient with severe pulmonary stenosis undergoing Caesarean section
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JK Makkar --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India S Jindal --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India A Jain --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India J Wig --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IndiaWe report the successful management of a parturient with severe pulmonary stenosis undergoing Caesarean section. Anaesthesia was managed with combined spinal and epidural anaesthetic technique. During the intraoperative period, haemodynamic parameters were well maintained. There were no episodes of haemodynamic... -
Rabies vaccine and neuraxial anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: V Rewari --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India R Garg --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India A Trikha --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, IndiaThis case report of neuraxial anaesthesia for emergency orthopaedic surgery serves to highlight the dilemma faced by anaesthetists when surgical intervention becomes necessary in a patient on anti-rabies vaccine. The two issues of importance are the possible reduction in the... -
Entropy of the electroencephalogram as applied in the M-Entropy S/5™ Module (GE Healthcare) during increases in nitrous oxide and constant sevoflurane concentrations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: FJ Smith --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa S Spijkerman --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa PJ Becker --- Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, and Unit for Clinical Epidemiology, South Africa JF Coetzee --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: It has been suggested that spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram as applied in the M-Entropy S/5TM Module (GE Healthcare) does not detect the effects of nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on... -
Anaesthetic management of appendectomy in a patient with cerebral arteriovenous malformation
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: R Taneja --- Department of Anaesthesia, India S Kiran --- Department of Anaesthesia, IndiaBackground: The aim of anaesthetic management for appendectomy in a patient with cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is to maintain a stable cardiovascular system. As this condition is rare, there are no definitive guidelines regarding the anaesthetic management of such patients. -
The effects of intrathecal midazolam on the duration of analgesia in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: N Nanjegowda --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India MS Nataraj --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, India DM Kavaraganahalli --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India G Kini --- Department of Anaesthesiology, IndiaBackground: Spinal anaesthesia is a common anaesthetic technique for lower limb surgery. Many adjuvants have been tried to prolong the duration of analgesia provided by local anaesthetics when administered intrathecally. Midazolam has been shown to prolong the duration of analgesia... -
A modern look at hypertension and anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: MFM James --- Department of Anaesthesia, RA Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia, BL Rayner --- Departments of Anaesthesia and Medicine,Hypertension is common among patients presenting for surgery, and is frequently untreated or inadequately treated. While the approach to the patient with hypertension presenting for anaesthesia is controversial, and the evidence base for appropriate clinical decisions is weak, this is... -
An audit of preoperative evaluation of general surgery patients at Dr George Mukhari Hospital
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: GT Mokgwathi --- Department of Anaesthesiology, BJ Baloyi --- Department of Anaesthesiology, GA Ogunbanjo --- Department of Family Medicine and PHC,Background: Preoperative evaluation of a patient is the fundamental component of anaesthetic practice. Inadequate documentation and record keeping on the preoperative evaluation form (PEF) can be a major obstacle to attaining good practice and improving patient outcomes following operative procedures... -
Addition of adenosine to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia does not prolong postoperative analgesia in vaginal hysterectomy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A Ghai --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India S Hooda --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India S Saxena --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India N Garg --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India R Wadhera --- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IndiaBackground: Systemic administration of adenosine produces anti-nociception. Although literature supports intrathecal adenosine for neuropathic pain, its efficacy in postoperative pain remains unproven. There has been no study on the efficacy of adenosine on postoperative pain when administered with hyperbaric bupivacaine... -
Positive maternal and foetal outcomes after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in a parturient with severe mitral valve disease
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: GT Mokgwathi --- Department of Anaesthesiology, EM Lebakeng --- Department of Anaesthesiology, GA Ogunbanjo --- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care,This case study describes the successful management of a parturient with severe mitral stenosis and moderate mitral regurgitation who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. A healthy baby was delivered by Caesarean section 11 days later. The effects of CPB surgery... -
Perioperative adverse airway events in cleft lip and palate repair
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AT Adenekan --- Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nigeria AF Faponle --- Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nigeria FO Oginni --- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NigeriaBackground: Airway-related problems account for the majority of anaesthetic morbidity in paediatric anaesthesia, but more so for cleft lip and palate repair. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, pattern, management and outcome of adverse airway events... -
Use of the sitting position for pineal tumour surgery in a five-year-old child
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: P Amukoa --- Kericho District Hospital, Kenya A Reed --- Metro West Anaesthetic Service, New Somerset Hospital, JM Thomas --- Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital,The sitting position provides almost ideal access to several areas within the cranium. The high risk of air embolism has led to decreased use of the sitting position. However, improved identification of patients at risk of paradoxical embolism may allow... -
Anaesthetic management of laparoscopic assisted bilateral adrenalectomy in a five-year-old child with Cushing's disease
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AP Saffin --- Walter Sisulu University, JM Thomas --- Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town,A five-year-old girl, weighing 42 kg and with a diagnosis of Cushing's disease, presented for bilateral, laparoscopic adrenalectomy. -
Anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: J Taylor --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Recently, concerns regarding anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity (AIDN) have emerged. The aim of this review was to summarise the available information on AIDN, and to assist the practising anaesthetist in making safe decisions with regard to the administration of anaesthesia in... -
Medical simulation in paediatric anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A Ng --- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore -
Anaesthetic management of a patient with Crouzon syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: SJ Bajwa --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India SK Gupta --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India J Kaur --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India A Singh --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India SS Parmar --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, IndiaCrouzon syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder, characterised by marked craniofacial dysostosis from birth or early childhood. Typically, patients present in early childhood for craniofacial reconstruction surgery. Presentation in early adulthood is unusual. The most challenging aspect, for an attending... -
Cervical epidural anaesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy and effective postoperative physiotherapy for a frozen shoulder: a case study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: K Marodkar --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India S Deshmukh --- Department of Anaesthesiology, IndiaShoulder arthroscopy is used to treat various diseases of the shoulder, including refractory adhesive capsulitis. Effective postoperative pain relief is critical for these patients, as the success of surgery largely depends on early and regular physiotherapy. Although traditionally, various methods... -
Anaesthesia-related maternal deaths in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: CC Rout --- Discipline of Anaesthesia, Z Farina --- Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthesia Discipline of Anaesthesia, -
Anaesthesia-related maternal deaths in South Africa Chapter Seven of the 5th Saving Mothers Report 2008–2010
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: CC Rout --- UKZN College of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Z Farina --- Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan, Department of Anaesthesia,The number of reported deaths due to anaesthesia continues to increase. There were 121 reported this triennium. This represents 2.5% of all maternal deaths and 5.4% of deaths directly related to complications of pregnancy. One hundred and eighteen of these... -
Calculation of comparative utilisation and cost: a South African perspective on intravenous vs. inhalational anaesthesia for procedures of differing duration
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: E Ryksen --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, BJS Diedericks --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences,Objectives: The cost of various anaesthetic techniques fluctuates and is seldom transparent, because of complicated anaesthetic protocols. The theoretical costs of different anaesthetic techniques were compared in this study. -
The use of lumbar X-rays to facilitate neuraxial anaesthesia during knee replacement surgery in patients who have had previous spinal surgery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AP Coetzer --- , RVP De Villiers --- Drs Van Wageningen and Partners,Background: Knee replacement surgery is an operation that is performed on older patients, with a few exceptions. Many of these patients have co-existing diseases and have had previous surgery, of which lumbar spinal surgery is of particular relevance. Neuraxial anaesthesia... -
A placebo-controlled comparison of ketamine with pethidine for the prevention of postoperative shivering
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AM Dar --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, India SM Qazi --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, India S Sidiq --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, IndiaObjective: Postanaesthetic shivering is a recognised complication of general and regional anaesthesia. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods have been used to prevent shivering. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of ketamine when compared with pethidine and placebo for the... -
Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 2: Equipment contamination
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RA Samuel --- Department of Anaesthesiology, PD Gopalan --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Y Coovadia --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, R Samuel --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Objectives: Contaminated anaesthetic equipment has been implicated in the nosocomial transmission of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of blood (occult or visible) and/or visible organic material contamination of anaesthetic equipment deemed to be ready... -
Spinal anaesthesia for brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix: a comparison of two dose regimens of hyperbaric bupivacaine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: NJ Haus --- Department of Anaesthesia, TC Kambarami --- Department of Anaesthesia, RA Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia,Objectives: Spinal anaesthesia can be suitably performed for a variety of day-stay (ambulatory) surgical procedures. The time taken for adequate recovery to allow discharge home from hospital is an important consideration. The purpose of this study was to compare the... -
Effectiveness of low-dose midazolam plus ketamine in the prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia for emergency lower limb surgery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: K Misiran --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia FZ Aziz --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, MalaysiaObjective: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different dosages of intravenous midazolam in combination with ketamine in the prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia for emergency lower limb surgery. -
Anaesthesia for scoliosis correction surgery complicated by severe recalcitrant bradycardia upon prone positioning in an adolescent with Prader-Willi syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: I Conrick-Martin --- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Ireland CM Walshe --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Ireland K Carson --- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Ireland D McCormack --- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ireland K O'Brien --- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, IrelandA 13-year-old adolescent presented for correction of an 85-degree idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. She was known to have Prader-Willi syndrome. Previous general anaesthesia for non-spinal surgery had been uneventful. On two occasions following uneventful induction and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) maintenance,... -
The use of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography as a monitor for haemodynamic instability during pulmonary hydatid cyst excision
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: G Picken --- Department of Anaesthetics, A Myburgh --- Department of Anaesthetics,We present the case of a patient with bilateral, pulmonary hydatid cysts who presented for cystectomy and developed life-threatening, haemodynamic instability when turned into the lateral decubitus position. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography allowed for rapid interpretation of the haemodynamic collapse and... -
Informed consent for anaesthesiological and intensive care unit research: a South African perspective
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JAM De Roubaix --- Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy,Health research is highly regulated and controlled. The South African legal framework consists of the Bill of Rights, the National Health Act, and two sets of Department of Health guidelines, Medical Research Council Ethical Guidelines Book 1, and South African... -
Pioneers in South African Anaesthesia:
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: R Hofmeyr --- Department of Anaesthesia, PC Gordon --- Nagin Parbhoo History of Anaesthesia Museum Department of Anaesthesia, -
The anaesthetic management of microgravity-exposed individuals
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: J Van Der Walt --- Department of Anaesthesia, AH Ernst --- Department of Anaesthesia,Mankind's imminent occupation of low Earth orbit beyond that of a scientific outpost and daring engineering nature that will land astronauts on Mars, will pose significant challenges to anaesthesia providers. The increased number of space tourists and workers who spend... -
Obstetric anaesthesia at district and regional hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal: human resources, caseloads and the experience of doctors
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A Theron --- King Edward VIII Hospital, CC Rout --- Department of Anaesthesiology,Objectives: Suboptimal treatment as a result of lack of basic skills in anaesthesia and resuscitation contributes significantly to the continuing increase in anaesthetic-related maternal deaths in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the number of doctors providing obstetric anaesthesia... -
Pioneers in South African Anaesthesia:
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: PC Gordon --- University of Cape Town, ND Hauser --- Department of Anaesthesia, J Marais --- Groote Schuur Hospital, -
Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 3: Decontamination practices
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RA Samuel --- Department of Anaesthesiology, PD Gopalan --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Y Coovadia --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, R Samuel --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Background: Anaesthetic equipment is a potential vector for the transmission of disease. This study was undertaken to observe current infection control practices among anaesthetic nurses regarding the decontamination of anaesthetic equipment in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. -
Anaesthetic safety of the Macintosh® oral laryngeal spray device
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RJ Ing --- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Associate Director of Clinical Research, USA DM Craig --- Department of Surgery, USA A Nowosad --- , MD Twite --- Department of Anaesthesiology, USA AT Bósenberg --- Department of Anesthesiology, USAPrimary hypothesis: A single, maximal hand squeeze of the Macintosh® laryngeal spray atomiser bulb may deliver a toxic dose of local anaesthetic to the oral mucosa of small infants. -
Peripheral nerve stimulator-induced electrostimulation at the P6 point reduces the incidence of post-spinal hypotension in patients undergoing post-trauma orthopaedic surgery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: KS Al Rawahi RM Khan N Kaul --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, National Trauma Centre, Sultanate of Oman M Azharuddin --- Department of Medicine, IndiaObjectives: Sympathetic block following spinal anaesthesia is often associated with a fall in blood pressure. This fall has been shown to be attenuated by using transcutaneous nerve stimulation at the P6 point in patients receiving spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section... -
Regional anaesthesia in children: an update
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AT Bosenberg --- Department Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Faculty Health Sciences, USARegional anaesthesia for children continues to grow in popularity. The potential benefits of regional anaesthesia over more conventional methods are well recognised, but the level of evidence is small since there are few well designed randomised controlled studies on infants... -
Avoiding adverse outcomes in anaesthesia. The relevant As: allergy, asthma airway and anaphylaxis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A Bosenberg --- Department Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Faculty Health Sciences, USAThe perioperative preparation of children presenting for surgery aims to identify medical problems that might influence the outcome and to institute management strategies to reduce those risks. Adverse respiratory events remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in modern... -
Pioneers in South African Anaesthesia: Dr Heyman Harold (Heymie) Samson, anaesthetic innovator
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: PC Gordon --- Nagin Parbhoo History of Anaesthesia Museum, Department of Anaesthesia, RW Nieuwveld --- Department of Anaesthesia, -
Taking an idea to a research protocol
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: BM Biccard --- Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics, RN Rodseth --- Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics,We present a nine-step process to assist with developing an idea into a research protocol. This process ensures that evidence-based medicine practice is followed to prevent redundant research questions. The first step is to identify broad research ideas with a... -
Evidence-based anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JB Carlisle --- Anaesthesia, Intensive and Perioperative Care Anaesthetic Department, UK -
Never trust a drug that can be pronounced in three different ways: medication errors in anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: R Raw --- University of Iowa, United States of America -
Field anaesthesia of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: GF Stegmann --- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, D Grobler --- Catchco Africa, J Zuba --- San Diego Wild Animal Park, USA -
Anaesthesiology and research in South Africa: a proposal for a national collaborative anaesthesiology research group
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: BM Biccard --- Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics,Anaesthesiology research is currently uncoordinated on a national level in South Africa. Recently, the Academy of Science of South Africa published a report on Revitalising clinical research in South Africa, in which recommendations to increase clinical research in South Africa... -
The perspectives of eThekwini public service anaesthetic doctors on the informed consent process for anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Naidu --- St Aidans Regional Hospital, PD Gopalan --- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine,Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain the perspectives of anaesthetists with regard to their current practice of obtaining informed consent. The outcome of this study will eventually assist in creating a standardised system for informed consent which will be pivotal... -
The effect of intrathecal midazolam on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block and postoperative analgesia in gynaecological procedures
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Sidiq --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India A Waheed --- Department of Anaesthesiology, IndiaObjectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the onset of sensory block, the time to achieve the maximum level of sensory block and the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal midazolam when given in combination with bupivacaine, and also to observe... -
Sub-Tenon's lidocaine injection improves emergence agitation after general anaesthesia in paediatric ocular surgery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AS Elgebaly --- Anaesthesia and Post Surgical Intensive Care Unit (PSICU), Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a sub-Tenon's lidocaine injection on emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane or halothane anaesthesia for strabismus surgery. -
Anaesthesia in a child with Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: TM Talane --- Department of Anaesthesiology, BJ Baloyi --- Department of Anaesthesiology, -
Ensuring that patient-controlled anaesthesia is safe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JF Coetzee --- Department Anaesthesiology and Critical Care,Pain is now regarded as the “fifth vital sign” and pain relief to be a basic human right. Patient-controlled anaesthesia (PCA) is effective because it enables self-titration to individual requirements. PCA is perceived to be inherently safe because of the... -
Obstetric anaesthesia: Is there anything new under the sun?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RA Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia,Recent years have seen considerable sophistication in the practice of obstetric anaesthesia in the developed world. Important areas include regional anaesthesia in labour, regional anaesthesia for caesarean section (CS), categorization of the urgency of CS, and clearer definition of fetal... -
Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 1: Unsafe injection practices among anaesthetists
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RA Samuel --- Department of Anaesthesiology, PD Gopalan --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Y Coovadia --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, R Samuel --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Objectives: Unsafe injection and vial usage practices, including the reuse of needles and syringes for different patients, is one of the leading causes of the iatrogenic spread of blood-borne diseases. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the... -
Expensive anaesthesia complications
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AG Beeton --- Private Practice, Anaesthesiologist, Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre,The major, costly, and catastrophic adverse consequences of anaesthesia are reviewed. The American Society of Anesthesiologists' closed claims registry yields valuable insights. The size and success of claims is determined by the standard of care, and extent of injury. Ongoing... -
The response of theatre personnel to the pulse oximeter alarm
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AR Raha --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia A Aswad --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Malaysia M Muhammad --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia I Azarinah --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia Y Nurlia --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, MalaysiaBackground: False alarms and sounds in the operating theatre (OT) that alert personnel to a crisis can be irritating. This can result in personnel ignoring genuine alarm warnings. This study was carried out to determine how alert OT personnel are... -
Anaesthesia for trauma patients
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: M Ortega-Gonzalez --- Department of Anaesthesia, -
Human immunodeficiency virus and anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: M Khalpey --- Department of Anaesthesiology, -
What's new in obstetric anaesthesia?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: TN Hlongwane --- Department of Anaesthesia, -
Anaesthesia for children: towards safer practice
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: C-A Lee --- Department of Anaesthesiology, -
Anaesthesia training for interns at a metropolitan training complex: does it make the grade?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: Belinda Kusel --- Department of Anaesthesia, Zane Farina --- Department of Anaesthesia, Colleen Aldous --- College of Health Sciences,Background: Most anaesthesia-related mortality that occurs in level 1 hospitals in South Africa is avoidable. Improving training during internship, and consequently the skills of community service officers, could lead to safer anaesthesia practices. -
A modern look at hypertension and anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: MFM James --- Department of Anaesthesia, RA Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia, BL Rayner --- Departments of Anaesthesia and Medicine,Hypertension is common among patients presenting for surgery, and is frequently untreated or inadequately treated. While the approach to the patient with hypertension presenting for anaesthesia is controversial, and the evidence base for appropriate clinical decisions is weak, this is... -
Predicting spinal hypotension during Caesarean section
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: David G Bishop --- Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, South AfricaHypotension under spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section remains a common problem, with attendant maternal and foetal morbidity. This review examines some of the issues surrounding the prediction of spinal hypotension, including concerns about current evidence, the debate on the mechanism... -
Labour epidural analgesia audit in a teaching hospital in a developing country
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: G.G. Jacobs-Martin --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa J.L. Burke --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa A.I. Levin --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa A.R. Coetzee --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Neuraxial analgesia is currently considered to be the most effective method of intrapartum analgesia, causing little maternal and foetal sedation. While epidural analgesia has been well studied in developed countries, it is uncertain whether or not the results, particularly... -
Potassium maldistribution revisited
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Justine Pietersen --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa Andrew Levin --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaObjective: This study investigated the maldistribution of concentrated 15% potassium chloride after injection into one-litre, flexible, Ringer’s lactate bags. -
Paediatric burns anaesthesia: the things that make a difference
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Jenny M. Thomas --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa Kotie Bester --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaAnaesthesia and pain management for paediatric burns continues to challenge and frustrate healthcare professionals in this field of medicine. This review aims to provide some practical management strategies to enable the improved care of burned children. The pathophysiology of burns,... -
The syndromic child and anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Kotie Bester --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaMany systems that are relevant to anaesthetists may be affected in syndromic children. These include the spine, airway, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary and neuromuscular systems, as well as coagulation, endocrine and metabolic functions. Embryological development may explain some co-existing anomalies. Although... -
An audit of the perioperative anaesthetic management of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in the paediatric population at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: K Allopi --- Department of Anaesthetics, South Africa L Padayachee --- Department of Anaesthetics, South AfricaObjective: Our study included an assessment of current anaesthetic practice in paediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion (VPSI), a review of shunt revision and complication rates, an evaluation of the incidence of congenital syndromes, retroviral disease and tuberculosis meningitis, and differentiation with... -
Central oxygen pipeline failure
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Lelanè Mostert --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Sedation & Pain Control, South Africa André R Coetzee --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, South AfricaAnaesthetic and critical care staff play a governing role in the comprehension of a hospital’s oxygen delivery system and associated contingency plans for internal disaster management. Therefore, staff must be thoroughly prepared and properly trained to support an institution-wide emergency... -
The use of ultrasonography in the perioperative management of penetrating chest trauma with indwelling blade
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Kudsk-Iversen --- Stanger Hospital, South Africa R Matos-Puig --- Stanger Hospital, South AfricaWe report on the anaesthetic and postoperative analgesic management of a patient presenting with a single penetrating thoracic injury, with radiological confirmation of a foreign object still present in the thorax. The patient underwent an emergency right posterolateral thoracotomy. We... -
Traditional medicine use and the anaesthetist
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: GD Nethathe --- Chris Hani Baragwanath Intensive Care Unit, South Africa SL Russell --- Department of Anesthesia, CanadaThis review considers traditional medicine, with an emphasis on traditional African medicine and its influence on perioperative care. Western and Eastern herbal remedies are widely used. The paucity of good quality evidence concerning these medicinal products has led to only... -
“Safe anaesthesia” for the South African rural obstetric patient in KwaZulu-Natal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A Theron --- King Edward VIII Hospital, South Africa CC Rout --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South AfricaBackground: The South African National Committee for Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths has shown that anaesthesia-related maternal deaths continue to increase at district hospitals. This has been attributed to substandard anaesthesia care and resuscitation. This study investigated the anaesthesia practices,... -
Who named it in anaesthesia?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AA Abraham --- Department of Anaesthesia, IndiaThe history of modern anaesthesia started on October 16, 1846 when WTG Morton demonstrated ether anaesthesia in Massachusetts General Hospital in USA. For about one month the new born branch of medicine was without a name. The word anaesthesia as... -
Herbal and alternative medicine: the impact on anesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JM Dippenaar --- Department of Maxillo-Facial-Oral Surgery, South AfricaThe use of herbal and alternative therapies is increasing all over the developed as well as the developing world. As pharmacological data on drug interactions involving herbal therapies becomes available, it is important to be familiar with the challenges that... -
Comparison of dexmedetomidine, pethidine and tramadol in the treatment of post-neuraxial anaesthesia shivering
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Lim Fern --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Malaysia Karis Misiran --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, MalaysiaObjective: This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of intravenous dexmedetomidine with that of pethidine and tramadol in the treatment of post-neuraxial anaesthesia shivering. -
Dexmedetomidine premedication in cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia: to assess patient and surgeon satisfaction
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Poonam S Ghodki --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India Shalini P Sardesai --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India Swapnagandha S Halikar --- Department of Ophthalmology, IndiaBackground: Dexmedetomidine is a potent non-opioid analgesic that may enhance analgesia for cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. This study was undertaken to assess sedation and analgesia provided by dexmedetomidine and evaluating patients’ satisfaction. Secondary aims were: (1) To study the... -
The development of a scoring tool for the measurement of performance in managing hypotension and intra-operative cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Garth Horsten --- Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, South Africa Robert Wise --- Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, South Africa Shaun Ramroop --- Department of Statistics and Biometry, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, South Africa Reitze Rodseth --- Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, South AfricaBackground: At level one hospitals in South Africa a high annual number of maternal deaths occur due to the unrecognised/untreated complications of spinal anaesthesia. The authors developed a clinical scenario and scoring system to measure intern performance in managing hypotension... -
Anaesthesia for a patient with B-thalassaemia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: I Giannakikou --- Department of Anaesthesia, Greece A Karra --- Department of Intensive Care Unit, GreeceΒ-Thalassaemia is a rare hereditary disease caused by partial or complete deficiency of β-haemoglobin chain synthesis. There is a lot of literature regarding anaesthetic management in other haemoglobinopathies (i.e. sickle cell disease), especially in the paediatric population, but there is... -
An unusual conduit for a paediatric tracheostomy tube exchange
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: BS Küsel --- Anaesthesia Registrar, South Africa RE Hodgson --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa and Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, South AfricaThis case report demonstrates the challenges of the paediatric airway, and useful, practical solutions in the management of tracheostomies in children. A six-year-old child underwent a tracheostomy, where an inappropriately large tracheostomy tube was inserted. The choice was guided by... -
Endotracheal tube cuff pressures in adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia in two Johannesburg academic hospitals
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: L Gilliland --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa H Perrie --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa J Scribante --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology, South AfricaBackground: Endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure commonly exceeds the recommended range of 20–30 cm H₂O during anaesthesia. A set volume of air will not deliver the same cuff pressure in each patient and the pressure exerted by the ETT cuff can... -
Anaesthesia for a patient with beta thalassaemia major
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: T Kallenbach --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaWhile beta thalassaemia is not a common disorder with an estimated 100 000 severely affected individuals worldwide, improved survival rates and increased global migration means an increased frequency of such patients being seen for various surgeries. The different aspects of this... -
A randomised trial to compare the effect of addition of clonidine or fentanyl to hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for knee arthroscopy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Ronald Bathari --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India Anju R Bhalotra --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India Raktima Anand --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India Vinod Kumar --- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IndiaObjectives: To evaluate the clinical effects of hyperbaric ropivacaine alone and with clonidine or fentanyl for spinal anaesthesia for knee arthroscopy. -
Factors influencing the choice of anaesthesia as a field of specialty in University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Mubarak Abdul-Rahman --- Department of Pathology, Ghana George Aryee --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Raymond Essuman --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Robert Djagbletey --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Eugenia Lamptey --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Christian Owoo --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Frank Boni --- Department of Anaesthesia, GhanaBackground: Specialisation is perceived as essential for success, and affects the availability and distribution of medical personnel and the quality of service the health system is able to deliver. In Ghana, some areas of medical specialties have a relatively good... -
Ultrasound-guided neural blockade in Proteus syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Aidan C Kingwill --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, South Africa Gillian Lamacraft --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, South AfricaSummary: Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder first described in 1979 and named after Proteus, a Greek demigod who was capable of changing his form to avoid capture. The incidence is < 1:1 000 000, but can be expected to be... -
A review of paediatric anaesthetic-related mortality, serious adverse events and critical incidents
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: L Cronjé --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, South AfricaAnaesthetists increasingly face questions from parents on the long-term outcomes of anaesthesia, and yet more immediate anaesthetic risks are not understood, nor explained to families. This review focused on paediatric anaesthetic-related mortality, cardiac arrest and anaesthetic-related serious adverse events and... -
Graded epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section in a parturient with Shone’s syndrome: a case study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Anjum Naz --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India Sugata Dasgupta --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India Bijoy Kumar Bandyopadhyay --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, India Hasibul Hasan Shirazee --- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IndiaPregnancy with underlying heart disease is a unique challenge both to the obstetrician and the anesthesiologist. Asymptomatic women with mild to moderate single lesions can successfully carry a pregnancy to term and undergo vaginal delivery. However, pregnancy can result in... -
A prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide on propofol requirement in elective craniotomy in which entropy was used to measure depth of anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: P Nanda --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India P Prakash --- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, India KJ Choudhury --- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, India VP Singh --- Department of Neurosurgery, India S Prakash --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IndiaBackground: Propofol is known to have a favourable effect on cerebral haemodynamics. The role of nitrous oxide (N2O) in neurosurgical anaesthesia is still being debated. The primary aim of this study was to assess the dose-sparing effect of N2O on... -
The United Kingdom National Audit Projects: a narrative review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: G Thomas --- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Foundation Trust, UK TM Cook --- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Foundation Trust, UKThe Royal College of Anaesthetists’ National Audit Project (NAP) programme has been running in its current form since 2006. Since NAP3 was commissioned the NAPs have examined rare but important complications of anaesthesia and related sub-specialties. The topics covered include... -
The amazing Minivent ventilator
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: PC Gordon --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa LC Howell --- Department of Critical Care, South AfricaIn the mid-1960s Dr Anthony Cohen, an anaesthetist in private practice in Johannesburg, developed the Minivent respirator in response to the lack of ventilators that existed at that time in operating theatres in both private and state hospitals. The remarkable,... -
The informed consent process for anaesthesia: perspectives of elective surgical patients at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Naidu --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa PD Gopalan --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Amongst state hospitals in the eThekwini municipality, obtaining informed consent for anaesthesia is often an informal interaction between the patient and anaesthetist, lacking structure and standardisation. -
Paediatric cardiac anaesthesia in sickle cell disease: a case series
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Jaco Janse van Rensburg --- Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, South Africa Jenny Thomas --- Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, South AfricaSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited haematological disorder, producing a mutation of the haemoglobin molecule known as haemoglobin S (HbS). The presence of HbS in the erythrocyte makes it prone to sickling — a process that may... -
Thoracic epidural anaesthesia for major abdominal surgeries: experience in private hospital setting in Uyo, South-South Nigeria
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Otu E Etta --- Department of Anaesthesia, Nigeria Kingsley Umeh --- Department of Surgery, Nigeria Sylvia G Akpan --- Department of Anaesthesia, NigeriaBackground: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) has many benefits over general anaesthesia in major abdominal surgeries including avoidance of endotracheal intubation. -
Postoperative neuromuscular function following non-depolarising muscle blockade in patients at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JRR Invernizzi --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, South Africa PD Gopalan --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Residual neuro-muscular blockade after the end of general anaesthesia may occur when non-depolarising muscle relaxant (NDMR) drugs are used. Train-of-four (TOF) stimulation is used to quantify the degree of residual paralysis, with a TOF ratio of less than 0.9... -
Rothmund–Thomson syndrome: anaesthesia considerations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Neha Kasat --- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology, India Harick Shah --- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology, India Rachana Chhabria --- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology, India Nandini Dave --- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology, IndiaRothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS) or poikiloderma congenitale is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Approximately 300 cases of this syndrome have been reported in the scientific literature worldwide. This study reports the case of an 11-year-old female child with RTS undergoing diagnostic... -
Incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section in two Cape Town state hospitals
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: BJ Magni --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa RA Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa D van Dyk --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa J van Nugteren --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa -
Intraoperative management of ETT and LMA cuff pressures: a survey of anaesthetists’ knowledge, attitude and current practice
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A de Castro --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, South Africa PD Gopalan --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Endotracheal tubes and laryngeal mask airway devices are routinely used during anaesthesia. Inappropriate inflation of cuffs has been shown to cause postoperative airway morbidity, and limiting the pressure decreases the incidence of pharyngo-laryngeal complications. Subjective measurements of cuff pressures... -
Dexmedetomidine in premedication to attenuate the acute hyperdynamic response to ECT: a randomised, double-blind, controlled study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Aparna Abhijit Bagle --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India WS Thatte --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India Pranita Arun Kate --- Department of Anaesthesiology, IndiaBackground: The choice of anaesthetic agent for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) depends on seizure duration, haemodynamic and recovery parameters. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine premedication on haemodynamic, seizure duration, recovery characteristics and agitation following... -
The role of dexamethasone in peripheral and neuraxial nerve blocks for the management of acute pain
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: KG Gordon --- Department of Anaesthetics, South Africa S Choi --- Department of Anesthesia, Canada RN Rodseth --- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, South AfricaDexamethasone has an emerging role as an additive in regional anaesthesia for the management of acute pain. However, outcomes in terms of improvement and prolongation of analgesia, as well as the methods of administration and potential adverse effects, have yet... -
Obstructive sleep apnoea in pregnancy and its association with pre-eclampsia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: NC Lintott --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa DG Van Zyl --- Department of Internal Medicine, South Africa JL Burke --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in pregnancy is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality to both mother and foetus. In the South African setting the proportion of pregnant females suffering from OSA has not been well studied; nor has... -
Patients’ knowledge and perception of anaesthesia and the anaesthetist at a tertiary health care facility in Ghana
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Robert Djagbletey --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana George Aryee --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Raymond Essuman --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Vincent Ganu --- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghana Ebenezer O Darkwa --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Christian Owoo --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Francis Ahiaku --- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghana Alfred Yawson --- Department of Community Health, GhanaBackground: Anaesthesia has always been misconstrued as a ‘behind the scenes’ specialty. Despite advancements in anaesthesia, there is inadequate public knowledge regarding the specialty, the scope of the functions of anaesthetists, and the pivotal role anaesthetists play in the healthcare... -
Anaesthetic management for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in an infant with Dandy–Walker Syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Alastair Wayne Moodley --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa Steven Nel --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa Eduard Oosthuizen --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa Christina Lundgren --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaDandy–Walker Syndrome (DWS) is a rare congenital brain anomaly affecting the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle. The chief components of the syndrome include cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. These abnormalities are... -
Dilated cardiomyopathy in a child with abdominal neuroblastoma and normal serum catecholamine levels: anaesthetic management and review of literature
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Anuradha Ganigara --- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, India Chandrika Yabagodu Ramavakoda --- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, India Chandana M Srinivasan --- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, India Madhusudan Ganigara --- Department of Pediatrics, USANeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood. Dilated cardiomyopathy as an initial presentation of neuroblastoma is rare. We report the case of a three-year-old child with giant abdominal neuroblastoma encasing the abdominal aorta who presented with dilated... -
Death on the table: anaesthetic registrars’ experiences of perioperative death
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Sandhya Jithoo --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, TE Sommerville --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care,Background: A perioperative death can be a devastating event for which anaesthetists’ training does not necessarily prepare them. Previous authors have documented a range of reactions to this event. This study set out to explore individual personal and professional reactions... -
Creating the perfect intern anaesthesia rotation: a survey using feedback from past interns
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Belinda Kusel --- Anaesthesia, South Africa Zane Farina --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa Colleen Aldous --- Department of Postgraduate Research, South AfricaBackground: Community service doctors (CSDs) are often expected to administer anaesthesia after minimal training and with very little support, especially in rural hospitals. This leads to unnecessary stress on these junior doctors and may lead to poor anaesthesia outcomes. -
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients using sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia: a randomised controlled study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Trishna Pradeep --- Department of Anesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, India Jesni Joseph Manissery --- Department of Anesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, India Madhusudan Upadya* --- Department of Anesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, IndiaBackground: Emergence agitation (EA) is a well-recognised phenomenon often observed in children following general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of EA in the paediatric age group under sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia using... -
Practising anaesthesia as a community service doctor: a survey-based assessment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Belinda Kusel --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa Zane Farina --- Clinical Department, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, South Africa Colleen Aldous --- Postgraduate Research, UKZN, South AfricaBackground: Anaesthesia-related maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, especially in district hospitals. Community service doctors (CSDs) play an important role in the provision of anaesthesia in these hospitals. The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of doctors providing... -
A pilot of the use of Short Message Service (SMS) as a training tool for anaesthesia nurses
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: R Duys --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa S Duma --- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa R Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South AfricaBackground: Anaesthesia nurses form a critical part of the team providing perioperative care to patients, but no accredited training exists for them in South Africa. In this setting, short in-service training interventions are a pragmatic attempt at improving nurse performance... -
Perceptions of final-year UKZN medical students about anaesthesia as a specialty choice
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: AL Gqiba --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa PD Gopalan --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa CA Evans --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaBackground: South Africa suffers from a drastic shortage of anaesthesiologists. This shortage has a major impact on the provision of safe, timeous and appropriate surgery for the population. One factor implicated in this shortage may be the difficulty in appropriate... -
Carbon dioxide: making the right connection
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Matthew Winton Gibbs --- Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, South Africa Ross Hofmeyr --- Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, South AfricaCarbon dioxide has been used in anaesthesia since the late 1920s, principally to stimulate breathing after a period of hyperventilation in the era before routine use of capnography. The authors’ tertiary academic hospital still has the infrastructure for pipeline delivery... -
Factors associated with failed spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean sections in Mthatha general hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: Adeyinka Abiodun Alabi --- Department of Family Medicine, South Africa Oladele Vincent Adeniyi --- Department of Family Medicine, South Africa Olukayode Ademola Adeleke --- Department of Family Medicine, South Africa Pamela Pillay --- School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, South Africa Mohamed Rashid Haffajee --- School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Anatomy, South AfricaBackground: The use of spinal anaesthesia has increased in the last three decades, given that it is the recommended anaesthetic of choice for better foetal and maternal outcomes in Caesarean section. Failed spinal anaesthesia (FSA) exposes patients to unfavourable experience... -
Nor-epinephrine versus vasopressin infusion for prevention of spinal-induced hypotension: a placebo-controlled study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Ahmed Abdalla Mohamed --- Department of Anesthesia & ICU and Pain Clinic, Egypt Tamer Fayez Safan --- Department of Anesthesia & ICU and Pain Clinic, EgyptObjectives: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of norepinephrine (NE) and vasopressin (VP) infusion on frequency and severity of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension (SAIH). -
Observation of the pulse oximeter trace to estimate systolic blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section: the effect of body mass index
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: T Samuel --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa D van Dyk --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Africa CJ Lombard --- Biostatistics Unit, South Africa RA Dyer --- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South AfricaBackground: The estimation of systolic blood pressure by disappearance and reappearance of the pulse oximeter trace during cuff inflation and deflation was compared with non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement, across the range of body mass index (BMI), during spinal anaesthesia... -
Transversus abdominis plane block after Caesarean section in an area with limited resources
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Desale Tewelde Kahsay --- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Eritrea Waltraud Elsholz --- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Eritrea Habteselassie Zerezghi Bahta --- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, EritreaBackground: The primary objective of this study was to assess whether transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is effective as part of multimodal pain management following Caesarean section in an area with limited resources. The study also looked at the advantage... -
Pentalogy of Cantrell and anaesthesia: a case report
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Alexis Oosthuizen --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaPentalogy of Cantrell, a rare congenital thoracoabdominal disruption, consists of a supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, lower sternal defect, agenesis of the anterior portion of the diaphragm, an absence of the diaphragmatic part of the pericardium, and a malformation of the... -
Awake percutaneous tracheostomy as an alternative to open emergency tracheostomy in a threatened airway
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RE Hodgson --- Department of Anaesthesia, South Africa TK Pillay --- Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaBackground: This case report details the management of a patient with a threatened airway booked for an emergency awake tracheostomy but successfully managed with a percutaneous tracheostomy technique. The case illustrates the challenges of managing a severely compromised airway and... -
Bardet–Biedl syndrome: expect the unexpected, suspect the unsuspected
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Larissa Cronjé --- Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaThis is the first reported description of Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) with the combination of a malacic bifid epiglottis and anterior laryngeal web. Anaesthesia for BBS has numerous concerns and these are reviewed, focusing on features that manifest not only in... -
Sample-size determination and adherence in randomised controlled trials published in anaesthetic journals
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: M Nontshe --- Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South Africa S Khan --- Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South Africa T Mandebvu --- Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South Africa B Merrifield --- Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South Africa RN Rodseth --- Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South AfricaBackground: Sample-size calculations are critical to ensure that randomised control trials return robust and reliable results. The estimated treatment effects used in these calculations is often significantly different from the actual treatment effect and can dramatically impact trial validity. -
Perioperative ARDS and lung injury: for anaesthesia and beyond
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Robert Wise --- Perioperative Research Unit, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa David Bishop --- Perioperative Research Unit, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Gavin Joynt --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong Reitze Rodseth --- Perioperative Research Unit, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South AfricaPostoperative pulmonary complications are common and may be associated with significant cost. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening respiratory disease process characterised by hypoxaemia and reduced lung compliance, is one of the more serious pulmonary complications. The development of... -
Xylocaine® 10% Pump Spray as topical anaesthetic for venepuncture pain
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A van Straten --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa AA Murray --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa AI Levin --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Cutaneous analgesia for venepuncture pain can be achieved using various topically applied local anaesthetic formulations. Xylocaine® 10% Pump Spray containing lignocaine hydrochloride and 95% ethanol is exclusively recommended for mucosal anaesthesia. However, this formulation is readily able to penetrate... -
Anaesthesia in the MRI suite
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Reinier Swart --- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of the Free State, South Africa William Ian Duncombe Rae --- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, AustraliaAnaesthesia in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suite, or when performing surgery that requires MRI guidance, is becoming a more frequent and complex procedure for anaesthetists, as the study modality is increasing in application. MRI is not inert in its... -
Effect of peribulbar block on emergence agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery under desflurane anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Jeetinder Kaur Makkar --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India Aswini Kuberan --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India Preet Mohinder Singh --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India Arun Magadi Gopinath --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India Kajal Jain --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India Jaspreet Singh --- Department of Ophthalmology, India Narinder Pal Singh --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IndiaBackground: Strabismus surgery in children may be associated with a high incidence of emergence agitation that may be related to pain and visual disturbances. The objective was to evaluate the effect of peribulbar block on the incidence of emergence agitation... -
The effect of different anaesthetic mask shapes on the anatomical dead space using infant, child and adult part-task trainers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: L Botes --- School of Medicine, South Africa J Jacobs --- School of Medicine, South Africa R Rademeyer --- School of Medicine, South Africa S Van der Merwe --- School of Medicine, South Africa L Van Heerden --- School of Medicine, South Africa BJS Diedericks --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South AfricaDead space is the portion of tidal volume that does not participate in alveolar gas exchange. The purpose of this study was to compare the dead space contribution of differently shaped masks, of the same size, by measuring the volume... -
Surgical outcomes in eastern Uganda: a one-year cohort study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: A Hewitt-Smith --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda F Bulamba --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda C Olupot --- Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda F Musana --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda JP Ochieng --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda MS Lipnick --- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, USA RM Pearse --- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, UKIntroduction: There is urgent need to improve access to safe surgical treatments for patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, few data exist to characterise clinical outcomes for this patient population. -
Anaesthetic considerations in a child with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Thomas Kleyenstüber --- Department of Anaesthesia, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, South AfricaFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterised by extraskeletal ossification of connective tissue. Affected individuals often become completely immobilised by their third decade of life. Amongst numerous anaesthetic concerns, the airway management of patients with FOP... -
Validation of age-based body mass estimation methods in toddlers and pre-school children
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Karin Booysen --- Private Practice, South Africa Johannes Marthinus Dippenaar --- Department of Maxillo-Oral-Facial Surgery, Oral Health Centre, South Africa Francois Jacobus Smith --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South AfricaBackground: Body mass is commonly used to determine medication dosages and equipment size. In emergency situations (including cases necessitating surgery) weighing paediatric patients can be impractical. Clinicians may use any of several body mass estimation techniques to surmount this obstacle... -
Hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section in a resource-limited setting: towards a consensus definition
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: SF Zwane --- Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, South Africa DG Bishop --- Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South Africa RN Rodseth --- Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, South AfricaBackground: Intraoperative hypotension following spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section is associated with maternal morbidity and mortality. Because of inconsistent definitions the reported incidence of hypotension varies between 7% and 74%, making it almost impossible to set standard targets. Developing and... -
Satisfaction with spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section at Tembisa Hospital, South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: Uziele M Makoko --- Anesthesiology Department, Tembisa Hospital, South Africa Lebitsi M Modiba --- Department of Public Health, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa Doudou K Nzaumvila --- Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital/Family Medicine & Primary Health Care Department, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU), South AfricaBackground: The most recommended type of anaesthesia by many obstetric guidelines for Caesarean section (CS) is spinal anaesthesia. This to achieve a higher level of pain and comfort control for the patient during and after CS. Little scientific research has... -
Menthol as an alternative anaesthetic and sedative for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: C Teta --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa H Kaiser --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South AfricaMenthol is known for its analgesic properties, but relatively little information is available on its potential as an anaesthetic on fish. The purpose of this study was to assess anaesthetic and sedative effectiveness of menthol and its safety in rainbow...