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The relationship between the nitrogen and nitrate content and nitrate toxicity potential of Lolium multiflorum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: R.J. Eckard --- Department of Agriculture and Water Supply (Natal Region), Republic of South AfricaThe interrelationships between the nitrate‐N and nitrogen content and dry matter yield of Midmar ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar) were investigated. Data were collected from N fertility trials, from two seasons (1985 and 1987) on four soil sites (Metz, Griffin,... -
Factors affecting the activity of atrazine in plants and soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production,Available research findings concerning (he activity of atrazine in the plant and soil are presented in a brief review. The role of the environment is emphasized. This review is supplemented by recent research results of the University of Pretoria concerning... -
Effect of herbicides on survival of rhizobia and nodulation of peas, groundnuts and lucerne
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H. Jansen van Rensburg --- , B.W. Strijdom --- ,Thirteen herbicides were tested for toxicity against strains of Rhizobium used in South African legume inoculants for lucerne, clover, soybeans, groundnuts and lupins, respectively. Each of alachlor, bromoxynil, proprop, metolachlor, naptalam + dinoseb, and trifluralin inhibited at least two of... -
Aluminium uptake sites in the primary root of Zea mays L.
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.J. Bennet --- Department of Agriculture, C.M. Breen --- Department of Botany, M.V. Fey --- Department of Soil Science and Agrometeorology,Histochemical studies of the chronological sequence involved in the uptake of Al by the primary root of Zea mays L., cv. TX 24, showed the primary sites of Al uptake to be the peripheral cells of the root cap and... -
The primary site of aluminium injury in the root of Zea mays L.
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.J. Bennet --- Department of Agriculture, C.M. Breen --- Department of Botany, M.V. Fey --- Department of Soil Science and Agrometeorology,Histoohemioal and ultrastructural studies of aluminium-induced changes in root metabolism and the structure of the cytoplasmic organelles of the root cap indicated that the first observable effect of aluminium involved the migration of secretory vesicles of the Golgi apparatus which... -
The influence of lime and phosphorus on the growth of white clover on highly weathered Natal soils
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: N. Miles --- , P.E. Bartholomew --- , C.I. Macdonald --- ,Results of field studies conducted on highly weathered Natal soils in which the performance of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Regal ladino) was examined under a range of lime and P treatments applied in factorial combination, are presented. Despite adverse... -
Evaluering van plantdoders vir langtermynbeheer van onkruid in aanplantings van knoffel (Allium sativum L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P.F. Nortjé --- , P.J. Henrico --- ,Van die ses plantdoders wat geëvalueer is, het slegs oksifluorfen bevredigende siesoenlange beheer van onkruide in aanplantings van knoffel (Allium sativum L.) verskaf. Oksadiason, chloroksuron, nitrofen, metabenstiasuron, ioksinil en oksifluorfen het min of geen fitotoksiese simptome op knoffel teen aanbevole... -
Tolerance of South African maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars to atrazine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.R. Le Court De Billot --- Summer Grain Centre, P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production,Sixty-seven maize cultivars were evaluated for tolerance to atrazine (4 p.p.m. v/v) in nutrient solution. Shoot dry masses (SDM) of only two cultivars, SAB149 and NPP x K64r, were reduced more than 40% and another 14 were reduced by more... -
Die invloed van fosfor, nitraat en ammonium op die opname en vervoer van stikstof en fosfor en op die groei van koring
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.S. Claassens --- Departement Grondkunde en Plantvoeding, W.J. Fölscher --- Departement Grondkunde en Plantvoeding,In 'n waterkultuureksperiment met koring is die invloed van verskillende P-toedienings (0,02 tot 5,0 me H2PO4 dm−3) en van verskillende NH4:NO3-verhoudings (0:15 tot 12:3) met 'n Hoagland-voedingsoplossing (no. 2) as kontrole bestudeer. Normale groei is reeds by 'n laer P-voorsiening... -
Recovery of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from atrazine and cyanazine phytotoxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: M.R. le Court de Billot --- , P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production,Recovery of growth following atrazine and cyanazine toxicity and the effect on subsequent grain yield of sorghum were studied in nutrient solutions in two separate experiments. In Experiment I, concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine were decreased at weekly intervals based... -
Aluminium toxicity and induced nutrient disorders involving the uptake and transport of P, K, Ca and Mg in Zea mays L.
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.J. Bennet --- Department of Agriculture, C.M. Breen --- Department of Botany, M.V. Fey --- Department of Soil Science and Agrometeorology,Chemical analysis of plant fractions of maize cultivars TX 24 and HL 1 grown in liquid culture containing Al showed that the action of Al was directed at the uptake of Ca and Mg and the transport of P and... -
Evaluation of the effects of scorching caused by the directed application of a paraquat-containing herbicide mixture to the base of maize plants at various ages
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P. E.L. Thomas --- ,The effect of herbicides which scorched the lower leaves of maize was compared in three seasons. The first season was relatively dry whilst the other two were wetter seasons. A mixture of cyanazine + atrazine + paraquat + a wetting... -
The persistence in soil and phytotoxicity on dry beans of alachlor and metolachlor as affected by climatic factors
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: E. van Rensburg --- , L.P. van Dyk --- ,The persistence of alachlor (2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethyl-N-methoxymethylacetanilide) and metolachlor [2-chloro-6′-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-O-toluidide] in soil was determined over an 80-day period at temperatures ranging from 5 to 50°C. Soils were maintained at either 50 or 100% of field capacity. The herbicides were less persistent... -
Rol van tekorte aan sekere makro-elemente by verdraagsaamheid van mielies (Zea mays L.) teenoor atrasien
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. Reinhardt --- Departement Plantproduksie, P.C. Nel --- Departement Plantproduksie, N. M.J. Vermeulen --- Departement Biochemie, Z. Apostolides --- Departement Biochemie, D. J.J. Potgieter --- Departement Biochemie,Die verdraagsaamheid van mieliesaailinge (Zea mays L. kv SSM2041) teenoor atrasien is in 'n glashuis ondersoek. Plante is in potte gekweek, in voedingsoplossings met tekorte aan sekere makro-elemente. Atrasien in die voedingsoplossings is periodiek bepaal met behulp van hoëdrukvloeistofchromatografie. Tekorte... -
Alachlor-geïhduseerde veranderinge in sekere membrane van Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench-plante
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. Reinhardt --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-Afrika P.C. Nel --- Departement Plantproduksie, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaSekere ultrastrukturele veranderinge veroorsaak deur alachlor (α-chloor-2′, 6′-diëtiel-N-metoksimetielasetanilied) in graansorghumplante is ondersoek. Elektronmikro- skoopmikrograwe het aangetoon dat disintegrering van vakuoolmembrane, kernmembrane en omhullingsmembrane van chloroplaste voorgekom het by alachlorbehandelde plante. -
Atrazine metabolism in field-grown maize and the effect of atrazine phototoxicity on yield
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C. Malan --- , Republic of South Africa J.H. Visser --- Department of Botany, Republic of South Africa H.A. van de Venter --- Department of Botany, Republic of South AfricaMaize was grown under field conditions, applying conventional farming practices. Atrazine was sprayed pre- emergence at concentrations of 1,25 I ha−1ai. and 5 I ha−1ai. Severe phytotoxicity symptoms were visible from the first- to about the sixth-leaf stage i.e. 25–30... -
Phytotoxicity of pre-emergence herbicides to peach seedlings (Prunus persica)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.F. Lourens --- , Republic of South Africa A.H. Lange --- Extension Weed Scientist, United States of America F.J. Calitz --- , Republic of South AfricaPre-emergence herbicides were tested for relative phytotoxicity to Nemaguard peach seedlings (Prunus persica) in a sand culture. Typical symptoms, phytotoxicity ratings, growth and regrowth parameters were recorded. Diuron, the mixture diuron plus terbacil (1:1), terbutryne and norflurazon were rated phytotoxic... -
Growth and nutrient content of soybeans in relation to solution calcium and aluminium
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.D. Noble --- Department of Crop Science, Republic of South Africa M.E. Sumner --- Department of Agronomy, United States of AmericaAluminium (Al) is a major component of most soils and is a limiting factor to sustained crop production in many regions. The amelioration of Al toxicity is of theoretical as well as practical interest in our understanding of mechanisms of... -
Importance of selected soil properties on the bioactivity of alachlor and metolachlor
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaBioassays with grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivar NK222 were conducted in a glasshouse. Thirty-four natural soils were used in each of two experiments with alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N- (methoxymethyl) acetanilide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-6′-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-otoluidide] respectively. Linear regression analyses were performed to... -
Aluminium and pH effects on dry bean root growth in nutrient solution
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A.D. Noble --- Department of Agronomy, Republic of South Africa T. Harding --- Department of Agronomy, Republic of South AfricaDespite considerable interest in the phytotoxic nature of soluble aluminium (Al), the relationships between Al species and observed phytotoxicity are not fully understood. A solution culture technique was employed to study the effects of Al species, at varying pH levels,... -
Phytotoxic response to foliar applications of molybdenum in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: R.J. Bennet --- Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South AfricaFoliar applications of sodium molybdate solutions adversely affected the growth of tomato plants so that reductions in plant height and dry matter yield were associated with most treatments applied. Fifty per cent of the plants which were subjected to treatments... -
Importance of selected soil properties on the bioactivity of acetochlor and metazachlor
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaThe bioactivity of acetochlor (2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6′-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide) and metazachlor (2- chloro-N-(1-pyrazolylmethyl)-aceto-2′,6′-xylidide) was evaluated in thirty-two soils under controlled conditions. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivar NK222 was used as the indicator plant in the bioassays. Bioactivity was correlated with organic matter... -
Urease-aktiwiteite in gronde van die sentrale besproeiingsgebiede in Suid-Afrika
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: F. P.J. Thormählen --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-Afrika C.C. du Preez --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie oogmerk met die studie was om die omvang van urease-aktiwiteite in die besproeide gronde vas te stel en watter grondparameters dit beïnvloed. Die verloop van hidrolise is in agt gronde, afkomstig van die sentrale besproeiingsgebiede, gemonitor na toediening van... -
Effek van ureumkonsentrasies op die urease-aktiwiteite in gronde van die sentrale besproeiingsgebiede in Suid-Afrika
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: F. P.J. Thormählen --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-Afrika C.C. du Preez --- Departement van Grondkunde, Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie oogmerk met die studie was om vas te stel by watter ureumkonsentrasies die urease In die besproeide gronde versadlg of geinhibeer word. Die verloop van hldrolise is In ses gronde met verskillende urease-aktiwi- teite gemonitor na toediening van ureum... -
The influence of phosphorus on the tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) to atrazine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South Africa P.C. Nel --- Department of Plant Production, Republic of South AfricaGlasshouse and field studies were conducted to examine the effect of high phosphorus (P) application on the tolerance of the maize cultivar SSM2041 to atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-tria- zine]. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted. In one, seedlings were exposed to five P... -
Evaluering van die effek van industriële uitvloeisels op grondbiodegradasie en ontkieming met behulp van mikrobiologiese aktiwiteitsbepalings en ontkiemingstudies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: P. J.G. van der Merwe --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika E. Nel --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika H. J.C. Smith --- , Republiek van Suid-Afrika A. van Wyk --- , Republiek van Suid-AfrikaDie bydrae van grondmikro-organismes tot biologiese aktiwiteite in die grand is baie belangrik, veral met betrekking tot hul metaboliese aktiwiteite, asook hul rol in energievloei en voedingsiklusse van, bv. C, N, P, S, Fe, Mn, en Si. 'n Versteuring van... -
Cabbage seed germination for the assessment of adjuvant effects on 2, 4-D iso-octyl ester volatility
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: C.L. Schubert --- , Republic of South Africa D.J. Erasmus --- , Republic of South Africa L.P. van Dyk --- , Republic of South Africa V. Gray --- Department of Botany, Republic of South AfricaThe germination rate of cabbage seeds (Brassica oleracea cv. Hercules) exposed to the vapour of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxy iso-octyl ester (2,4-D IOE) was used in a bioassay to determine the effectiveness of commercial adjuvants in reducing the volatility of this hormonal... -
High availability of alachlor affects the roots and general growth of sunflower seedlings
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. Allemann --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Republic of South Africa C.F. Reinhardt --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Republic of South AfricaThe tolerance to alachlor [α-chloro-2′,6′?diethyl-N-(metoxy- methyl) acetanilide] of three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars was evaluated in an aqueous medium in a glass- house. Alachlor (0.79 - 6.32 mg L−1) caused significant reductions in the root and shoot growth of... -
The effect of chloride on four different citrus rootstocks
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: N. J.J. Combrink --- , Republic of South Africa N. Labuschagne --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Republic of South Africa R.O. Barnard --- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Republic of South Africa J.M. Kotzé --- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Republic of South AfricaSeedlings of Troyer citrange [Poncirus Mollata L. Raf. × Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck] (Tro), Citrus volkameriana (Vol), Carrizo citrange [Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. × Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck], (Car) and Rough lemon [Citrus jambhiri Lush.] (Rie) were tested for tolerance... -
An investigation into the problems associated with revegetating chrysotile tailings
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: L. van Rensburg --- , Republic of South Africa L. Pistoruis --- , Republic of South AfricaThe present investigation was initiated because of the limited success achieved in the past at attempts to revegetate chrysotile tailings with their associated inherent environmental risk factors. The current set of experiments and surveys, as with several previous studies, were... -
Phytotoxicity of seven graminicides on maize
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. E.J. Saayman-du Toit --- , South AfricaPhytotoxicity of single and double dosages of metolachlor, dimethenamid, acetochlor A and B, alachlor, flufenacet and a mixture of atrazine-sulcotrione, were evaluated on maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse, using soil with a clay content of less than 10%... -
Phytotoxicity resulting from a combination of a pre-emergence herbicide and a pesticide seed dressing in maize (Zea mays L.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. E. J. Saayman-du Toit --- , South AfricaThis study was prompted by reports from maize producers, indicating phytotoxicity to occur when using pre-emergence herbicides in combination with seed dressings under cold conditions on sandy soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in which the insecticide imidacloprid and the... -
Phytotoxicity resulting from pre-emergence graminicides in sorghum
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: A. E. J. Saayman-du Toit --- , South AfricaThis study was prompted by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) producers reporting phytotoxicity when using graminicides under unfavourable environmental conditions. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in which five graminicides were evaluated at two temperature regimes, using 10 cultivars. Registered dosage... -
The effects of a water treatment residue on grain yield and nutrient content in seeds of common dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Ghadra) grown in a dystrophic soil
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: L.W. Titshall --- , South Africa J.C. Hughes --- , South AfricaThis glasshouse study investigated the grain yield and nutrient content of seed of common dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Ghadra) grown in a dystrophic sandy soil treated with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g kg−1 water treatment residue... -
Screening of some South African maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars for acetochlor tolerance
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: J. Allemann --- Department of Soil, South Africa P.M. Mphundi --- Department of Soil, South AfricaAcetochlor containing a safener is registered for pre-emergence use on maize to control mainly annual grasses. It is applied at rates of between 0.49 and 1.89 kg ai ha-~ on soils with a clay content from <10% to 55%. Some... -
TOXIC CONCENTRATION OF FREE AMMONIA TO BRACHIONUS CALYCIFLORUS PALLAS, A ROTIFER PEST SPECIES FOUND IN HIGH RATE ALGAL PONDS (HRAP's)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: IreneJ. de Moor --- National Institute for Water Research, Republic of South AfricaLaboratory tests on Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas indicate that at low concentrations of free ammonia (< 7 mg l −1) pH levels up to 9,85 could be tolerated for 96 h without apparent ill effect. Free ammonia concentrations > 14,4 mg... -
APPARENT PREDATION OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA KüTZ. EMEND ELENKIN BY A SAPROSPIRA-LIKE BACTERIUM IN A HYPERTROPHIC LAKE (HARTBEESPOORT DAM, SOUTH AFRICA)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: P.J. Ashton --- , South Africa R.D. Robarts --- , South AfricaThe cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa is the dominant autotroph in hypertrophic Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa. Tn early summer (November) of 1983 and 1984 Microcystis colonies were heavily colonized by a gram-negative, spiral-shaped organism whose filaments appeared as si.ngle cells under both... -
THE USE OF TOXICITY TESTING IN EFFLUENT REGULATION AND CONTROL: A NEW DIMENSION TO ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences • Authors: D.J. Roux --- , South AfricaEfficient management tools are continually required to cope with increasing demands placed on the quality and quantity of aquatic resources. Recent developments in environmental monitoring indicate the importance of incorporating biological indicators in assessment programmes. Aquatic toxicology has consequently become... -
Sublethal effects of manganese on the haematology and osmoregulation of Oreochromis mossambicus after acute exposure
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: I Barnhoorn JHJ van VuurenOreochromis mossambicus were exposed for 96 hours to sublethal manganese concentrations in a continuous flow-through system. The sublethal concentrations were determined from the LC50 value of manganese (1.723mg/l), which included a 10% (172.3mg/l), 15% (259.8mg/l) and 20% (345.6mg/l) concentration of... -
The effects of lead, water hardness and pH on oxygen consumption, plas- ma chlorides and bioaccumulation in the freshwater fish Tilapia sparrmanii
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: WJ van Aardt LCR VenterClosed system respirometry was performed on captive juvenile Tilapia sparrmanii exposed for 96 hours to a range of Pb-acetate concentrations in hard and soft water to determine the effect of Pb in relation to water hardness and pH. For hard... -
A note on copper bioaccumulation in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: Irene Naigaga Horst KaiserCopper (Cu) is one of the most commonly reported metal pollutants in African water bodies, but there are few studies on African freshwater fish species of copper accumulation and copper toxicity. Adult O. mossambicus were exposed to 0mg l−1 (control)... -
Acute effects of Cu on oxygen consumption and 96 hr-LC50 values in the freshwater fish Tilapia sparrmani (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in Mooi River hard water, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: WJ van Aardt Mynhardt HoughThe median lethal copper (Cu) concentration (96 hr-LC50) values for acute Cu toxicity for Tilapia sparrmanii (live mass: 30 ± 8g) in Mooi River hard water of dolomitic origin at 20 °C, pH 7.9, was 68.1 μmol l−1. At this... -
The toxicity of zinc to a selected macroinvertebrate, Adenophlebia auriculata (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae): method development
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: V Everitt --- Centre for Aquatic Toxicology, South Africa P-A Scherman --- Centre for Aquatic Toxicology, South Africa MH Villet --- Department of Zoology and Entomology, South AfricaThe South African water quality guidelines for the protection of the aquatic environment are constantly being updated. The Centre for Aquatic Toxicology of the Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, uses artificial streams and toxicological methods to contribute to the... -
The sublethal effects of copper and lead on the haematology and acid-base balance of the groovy mullet, Liza dumerili
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: HM Mzimela --- Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, Department of Zoology, South Africa V Wepener --- Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, Department of Zoology, South Africa DP Cyrus --- Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, Department of Zoology, South AfricaToxicity bioassays were conducted on groovy mullet, Liza dumerili, using copper and lead, in order to assess how these metals affected their blood haematology and acid-base balance. Short-term (96 hours) exposure to lead caused significantly more haematological response [PCO2] than... -
Influence of salinity and cadmium on the survival and osmoregulation of Callianassa kraussi and Chiromantes eulimene (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: M Thwala --- Department of Zoology and Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, South Africa BK Newman --- Department of Zoology and Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, South Africa DP Cyrus --- Department of Zoology and Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, South AfricaThis study investigated the influence of salinity and cadmium on the survival and osmoregulatory capability of two decapod crustaceans, Callianassa kraussi and Chiromantes eulimene. Callianassa kraussi was able to survive in salinities of 5–55 over 96 h, whilst C. eulimene... -
Effect of exposure to cadmium on the tropical freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: HA Kaoud --- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Environmental Pollution, Egypt A Rezk --- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Environmental Pollution, EgyptThe effect of cadmium (Cd) on mortality, resistance and bioaccumulation in the tropical freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Egypt were studied. Survival of prawns exposed to Cd doses over 60 μg l−1 were significantly lower than that of prawns exposed... -
Toxicity of the chlorpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos®: effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters of African catfish Clarias gariepinus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: CD Nwani --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria DO Ugwu --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria OC Okeke --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria GC Onyishi --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria FN Ekeh --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria C Atama --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria LO Eneje --- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, NigeriaThe present study, conducted in 2012, determined the toxicity of the chlorpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos® and its effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters in juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The 96 h LC50, estimated by probit analysis in a... -
Determining the minimum effective dose of rotenone for eradication of alien smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from a South African river
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MS Jordaan --- CapeNature Scientific Services, South Africa OLF Weyl --- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, South AfricaIn February 2012 the Rondegat River, in the Cape Floristic Region, was the first river in South Africa where the piscicide rotenone was used to remove an alien invasive fish, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu. In preparation for this treatment, the... -
Spatial quality improvement of a toxic industrial effluent, based on physico-chemistry, algal community changes and algal bioassay
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MI Abdel-Hamid --- Botany Department, Egypt EI Abdel-Aal --- Botany Department, Egypt YA Azzab --- Botany Department, EgyptSpatial recovery of a highly alkaline and ammonia-rich industrial effluent was assessed along a wastewater receiving drain near Mansoura City in 2006. Spatial changes in physico-chemical characteristics and water quality index indicated a progressive downstream improvement of wastewater quality, and... -
Isolation and characterisation of photoactive haemolytic toxin from Heterocapsa circularisquama
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: Y Miyazaki T Iwashita K Yamaguchi T Oda Y Matsuyama T HonjoRed tides of Heterocapsa circularisquama, identified as a new species of dinoflagellate a few years ago, have frequently caused mass mortality of several species of bivalve in Japan, whereas no harmful effects on fish have been reported so far. We... -
Toxicological requirements for risk assessment of shellfish contaminants: a review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: R MundayThere is increasing concern by consumers with regard to the health aspects and safety of foodstuffs. Most food additives and contaminants are controlled by regulatory authorities, with Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) having been set on the basis of detailed acute... -
Accumulation of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis in the southern Benguela ecosystem
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: GC Pitcher --- Branch: Fisheries Management, Department of Agriculture, South Africa B Krock --- , Germany AD Cembella --- , GermanyDiarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) poses a significant threat to the safe consumption of shellfish in the southern Benguela ecosystem. The accumulation of DSP toxins was investigated in two cultivated bivalve species, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus... -
A chronic toxicity test protocol using Caridina nilotica (Decapoda: Atyidae) and the generation of salinity toxicity data
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: AR Slaughter CG Palmer WJ MullerSalinization of freshwater resources is an increasing global problem, yet there is a paucity of chronic salinity tolerance data linked to very few chronic toxicity test protocols. This research aimed to generate a chronic toxicity test protocol and protective salinity... -
A laboratory assessment of the potential molluscicidal potency of Jatropha curcas aqueous extracts
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MJ Chimbari CJ ShiffPreliminary laboratory studies were conducted to determine the molluscicidal potency of Jatropha curcas, the physic nut. Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus globosus snails were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts of crushed J. curcas seeds from unripe, ripe and overripe... -
Results from six Pinus taeda nursery trials with the herbicide pendimethalin in the USA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: DB South --- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, USA TE Hill --- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, USAPendimethalin is used by some nursery managers to control weeds in Eucalyptus and Pinus seedbeds and cutting beds of Pinus. Six trials were implemented in open-rooted seedbeds to test the response of Pinus taeda to postemergence (to the crop) applications... -
Steroid hormone concentrations and physiological toxicity of water from selected dams in Namibia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: AK Faul --- Department of Biological Sciences, Namibia E Julies --- Department of Biological Sciences, Namibia EJ Pool --- Department of Medical Biosciences, South AfricaNamibia is a semi-arid to arid country and has most of its surface water in dams built on ephemeral rivers. Whilst water quality is often measured in terms of bacterial contamination and general physico-chemical characteristics, this study extends water quality... -
Salinity tolerance of the South African endemic amphipod Grandidierella lignorum (Amphipoda: Aoridae)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: NF Masikane --- School of Life Sciences, South Africa BK Newman --- Coastal Systems Research Group, Natural Resources and the Environment, South Africa UM Scharler --- School of Life Sciences, South AfricaThe endemic amphipod Grandidierella lignorum is an organism potentially suited to the toxicity testing of coastal water and sediment in South Africa. The ranges of salinity and temperature at which G. lignorum can be used for toxicity testing were investigated... -
Mitochondrial dysfunction and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: G Van der Watt --- Division of Chemical Pathology,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the pharmacological treatment thereof have both been shown to affect mitochondrial function in a number of tissues, and each may cause specific organ pathology through specific mitochondrial pathways. HIV has been shown to kill... -
Lipid rescue: the use of lipid emulsions to treat local anaesthetic toxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: CJ Kruger --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa PC Marwick --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa AI Levin --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaDespite increasing safety of regional anaesthesia, the growth in the popularity therof implies that local anaesthetic toxicity will occur occasionally. Local anaesthetic cardiotoxicity, even when using “safer” modern local anaesthetics, is notoriously resistant to standard resuscitation. The aim of this... -
Anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: J Taylor --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Recently, concerns regarding anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity (AIDN) have emerged. The aim of this review was to summarise the available information on AIDN, and to assist the practising anaesthetist in making safe decisions with regard to the administration of anaesthesia in... -
Anaesthetic safety of the Macintosh® oral laryngeal spray device
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RJ Ing --- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Associate Director of Clinical Research, USA DM Craig --- Department of Surgery, USA A Nowosad --- , MD Twite --- Department of Anaesthesiology, USA AT Bósenberg --- Department of Anesthesiology, USAPrimary hypothesis: A single, maximal hand squeeze of the Macintosh® laryngeal spray atomiser bulb may deliver a toxic dose of local anaesthetic to the oral mucosa of small infants. -
Statins: adherence and side-effects
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: DJ Blom --- Division of Lipidology, Department of Medicine,Many patients either do not adhere to, or fail to persist with, long-term lipid-lowering therapy. This unfavourable medication utilisation behaviour compromises potential treatment benefit. In retrospective studies, patients aged 50–65 had the highest adherence rates, while both younger and older... -
Aminoglycoside-induced balance deficits: a review of vestibulotoxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: C Rogers --- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, L Petersen --- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders,This article aims to inform clinicians about the current knowledge on aminoglycoside-induced vestibulotoxicity through a review of the literature. The effects of vestibulotoxicity are irreversible and may be profoundly disabling. It would appear that the sooner vestibular rehabilitation therapy is... -
Lactic acidosis, risk factors and predictive laboratory markers: a nested case control study in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: CA Luke --- Discipline of Family Medicine, MYS Moosa --- Department of Infectious Disease, TM Esterhuizen --- Program of Bio Research Ethics and Medical Law, Division of Public Health Medicine, SE Knight --- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, S Saman --- Port Shepstone Hospital, A Ross --- Discipline of Family Medicine,Background: The incidence of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced lactic acidosis and its associated mortality may be reduced by appropriate dosing, risk stratification and early detection. -
An overview of pharmacotherapy-induced ototoxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: Schellack Natalie --- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naude Alida --- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences,This article provides an overview of ototoxic medication, as well as different pharmacological and audiological monitoring strategies. Although ototoxic medications play an important role in modern medicine, they also have the capacity to do great harm and lead to significant... -
Labour epidural analgesia audit in a teaching hospital in a developing country
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: G.G. Jacobs-Martin --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa J.L. Burke --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa A.I. Levin --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa A.R. Coetzee --- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Neuraxial analgesia is currently considered to be the most effective method of intrapartum analgesia, causing little maternal and foetal sedation. While epidural analgesia has been well studied in developed countries, it is uncertain whether or not the results, particularly... -
Efficiency of using green algae as biological controllers against toxic algal taxa in cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, based on histopathological examinations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: SM Aly --- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Egypt EM Ali --- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Egypt AA Dessouki --- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Egypt AA Dawah --- Department of Limnology, EgyptThe incidence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters has increased in frequency and outbreaks have become more severe. This research aimed at studying the effect of a culture of two green algal species as biological control of the growth... -
Toxicity evaluation of effluent from the de-oiling works of a decommissioned Nigerian crude oil pipeline using Palaemonetes africanus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: NH Amaeze --- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nigeria FA Adetoro --- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nigeria OA Adegboro --- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, NigeriaOil industry activities often involve the cleaning and replacement of pipelines, usually resulting in the discharge of effluents into waterbodies. The toxicity of de-oiling effluent from a decommissioned crude oil pipeline in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was assessed... -
Biochemical and haematological responses in African catfish Clarias gariepinus following chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertiliser
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MNO Ajima --- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Nigeria OA Ogo --- Department of Biochemistry, Nigeria LE Akpa --- Department of Zoology, Nigeria I Ajaero --- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, NigeriaThe indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilisers to boost plant productivity has resulted in negative consequences in aquatic ecosystems. The effects of chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertiliser at 0.40, 0.80 and 1.60 g l−1 on the haematological and biochemical responses... -
Aminoglycoside-induced hearing deficits – a review of cochlear ototoxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: L Petersen --- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, South Africa C Rogers --- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, South AfricaThis article aims to inform the reader about current knowledge of the effects of aminoglycosides on hearing. The hearing loss caused by aminoglycosides is permanent and can negatively affect the individual’s quality of life. Although treatment with aminoglycosides cannot be... -
Establishing Cynodon dactylon on mining tailings and mining-impacted soil of a copper–cobalt mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: JE Granger --- SAEON, South Africa TG O'Connor --- SAEON, South AfricaMining for copper and cobalt generates extensive mounds of removed topsoil and subsoil, and tailings with toxic levels of copper and cobalt. The threat of soil erosion in a high rainfall regime can be countered with rapid establishment of a... -
Application of multivariate statistics and toxicity indices to evaluate the water quality suitability for fish of three rivers in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: R Gerber --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South Africa V Wepener --- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South Africa NJ Smit --- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South AfricaThe water quality of the Olifants, Letaba and Luvuvhu rivers within the Kruger National Park was assessed for their suitability to sustain fish populations. Since water quality assessments result in huge datasets, principal component analysis and an aquatic toxicity index... -
An evaluation of the weight of evidence approach to assess sediment quality in the Mvoti Estuary, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: BF Shaddock --- Department of Zoology, South Africa V Wepener --- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South AfricaA weight of evidence approach was evaluated in the Mvoti Estuary, which is affected by point and non-point sources of contaminants. Four sites were sampled in 2005 and assessed along the standard sediment quality triad lines of evidence: sediment chemistry,... -
Lipid emulsion therapy: non-nutritive uses of lipid emulsions in anaesthesia and intensive care
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: M Buys --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa PA Scheepers --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa AI Levin --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaLipid emulsions were introduced into clinical practice more than five decades ago as a calorically dense, non-glucose-based energy source for parenteral nutrition. Recently, intravenous lipid emulsions have been used as rescue for systemic local anaesthetic toxicity. However, the non-nutritive, therapeutic... -
HER-2 positive breast cancer and trastuzumab: lessons learnt by heart
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology • Authors: K Outhoff --- Department of Pharmacology, South AfricaWomen treated with trastuzumab have an increased risk for developing cardiac problems, particularly if they receive prior or concurrent anthracyclines. Left ventricular dysfunction associated with trastuzumab treatment may progress to severe New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV heart failure... -
Retrospective analysis of patients with cancer of the cervix attending a radiotherapy outpatient department: experience from a university-based hospital in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology • Authors: M Nandi --- Department of Radiation Oncology, India A Mandal --- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, India AK Asthana --- Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, IndiaObjective: A retrospective analysis of all patients with cancer of the cervix attending a radiotherapy outpatients department in a single unit from January 2005 to December 2006 was carried out to study their epidemiology, stage and status of presentation, compliance... -
A pilot study on the use of amikacin in neonates: Who should be monitored for ototoxicity?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases • Authors: Deirdré Engler --- Department of Pharmacy, South Africa Natalie Schellack --- Department of Pharmacy, South Africa Alida Naude --- Discipline of Speech- Language Pathology and Audiology, South Africa Andries Gous --- Department of Pharmacy, South AfricaBackground: Aminoglycosides (AGs) cause irreversible hearing loss. The toxic effects of AGs are dose dependent and correlate with increasing drug serum concentrations. -
Practices employed by audiologists in the management of adult patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: M Govender --- Audiology, Department of Health, Republic of South Africa J Paken --- Discipline of Audiology, Republic of South AfricaIntroduction: Aminoglycosides used for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis are ototoxic, leading to a need for audiological monitoring. While audiologists monitor ototoxicity, currently there are no guidelines on monitoring in the South African context. Therefore, the findings of this study might... -
Laboratory-scale evaluation of the potential of chemical containment for farmed abalone larval escapees
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: A Roux --- Department of Genetics, South Africa H Lambrechts --- Department of Animal Sciences, South Africa R Roodt-Wilding --- Department of Genetics, South AfricaThe sensitivity of abalone Haliotis midae larvae to low levels of toxicants was used to conduct a laboratoryscale experiment to determine the possibility of using chemical containment to prevent the escape of larvae from land-based culture systems, thereby reducing the... -
Sensitivity of selected dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars to mesotrione in a simulated carry-over trial
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: James Allemann --- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, South Africa Johnny M Molomo --- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, South AfricaMesotrione is used to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in maize, with waiting periods up to 24 months recommended prior to planting sensitive crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if selected dry bean cultivars exhibited differences... -
Water cytotoxicity and dioxins bioaccumulation in an Egyptian delta wetland ecosystem
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MM El-Shazly --- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Egypt El Elzayat --- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Egypt WA Omar --- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Egypt IIA El-Sebeay --- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt YA Edmardash --- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Egypt MM Soliman --- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Egypt KM Abdel Rahman --- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Egypt MS Ibrahim --- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, EgyptManzala Lake, as one of the main Egyptian wetland ecosystems, is facing risks of pollution. An in vitro cytotoxicity test using a mammalian cell line was employed to determine the toxicity of multiple pollutants in the water and Tilapia zillii... -
Cortisol stress response and histopathological alteration index in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of Qua Iboe crude oil and rig wash
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: JK Saliu --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, Nigeria SA Oluberu --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, Nigeria II Akpoke --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, Nigeria UD Ukwa --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, NigeriaThe histological effect on and stress response of post juvenile Clarias gariepinus exposed to Qua Iboe crude oil and rig wash were investigated. Fish weighing 60–90 g and measuring 16–18 cm were exposed for 7–28 days to 8.00 ml−1 Qua... -
The potential of omics technologies as tools to understand the environmental factors influencing okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) growth and adaptation
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Matsobane T Mathiba --- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, South Africa Gangireddygari VS Reddy --- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, South Africa Khayalethu Ntushelo --- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, South Africa Sheku A Kanu --- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, South AfricaLeading crops such as cotton, maize, rice and wheat were the first to be studied using omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics). Those crops that are considered less significant, such as okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), are yet to... -
Ovarian germ cell tumour and bleomycin-induced lung injury
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology • Authors: P Barnardt --- Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology (MICO), South Africa S Griffith-Richards --- Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology (MICO), South AfricaBleomycin, an antibiotic agent with antitumour activity, is an important drug in the management of many oncological malignancies such as lymphoma and germ cell tumours. These tumours are potentially curable and mostly affect young people. The potential side effects and... -
Nevirapine in African surface waters induces liver histopathology in Oreochromis mossambicus: A laboratory exposure study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: UMC Nibamureke --- Department of Zoology, South Africa IEJ Barnhoorn --- Department of Zoology, South Africa GM Wagenaar --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaNevirapine (NVP) is one of the HIV antiretrovirals detected recurrently in African surface waters. Liver side effects in humans were reported. Because the effects on fish are unknown, this study investigated the potential effects of NVP on selected biometric indices... -
Grandidierella lignorum (Amphipoda: Aoridae) can be used for assessing the toxicity of sediment with varying grain sizes and low organic content
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: NF Masikane --- Department of Zoology, South Africa BK Newman --- Coastal Systems Research Group, Natural Resources and the Environment, South Africa UM Scharler --- School of Life Sciences, South AfricaSediment grain size and organic matter influences the distribution of macrozoobenthic fauna. These parameters also influence bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants in aquatic systems, because sediment is the sink and source for most contaminants. These sediment parameters therefore potentially confound... -
Effect of dietary vitamin E on biochemical, oxidative stress and immunological parameters in Nile tilapia exposed to penoxsulam
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: TM Saber --- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Egypt M ElHady --- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Egypt HA Ali --- Department of Biochemistry, EgyptThis study was performed to determine the median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) of penoxsulam (PNX) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings and to investigate the protective effect of vitamin E (Vit E) against biochemical and immunological alterations induced by two... -
Occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in industrial wastewater, receiving waters and fish
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: SM Lan --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, Nigeria NH Amaeze --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, Nigeria HE Obanya --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, Nigeria CU Okoroafor --- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, NigeriaData on pharmaceutical contamination of African waterbodies are scarce. Therefore, this research aimed to quantify the occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater from pharmaceutical industries, receiving waters and fish. Water and fish samples were collected from waterbodies close to two... -
High sorgoleone autotoxicity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties that produce high sorgoleone content
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H Tibugari --- , South Africa C Chiduza --- , South Africa AB Mashingaidze --- , Zimbabwe S Mabasa --- , ZimbabweSorghum autotoxicity can inhibit germination and growth, resulting in low plant densities and reduced crop productivity. Three sorghum varieties (Dhlakama, Shirikure and Macia) were evaluated for autotoxicity in 2018 at the University of Zimbabwe. Experiments were set up for 3... -
Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Ekulu River in Enugu State in Nigeria
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: Uzochukwu C Ugochukwu --- , Nigeria Onyechi H Onuora --- , Nigeria Leonard Kurumeh --- , Nigeria Uchenna I Mbakwe --- , Nigeria Obiageli J Okolo --- , Nigeria Amaka L Onuorah --- , NigeriaThe human health and ecological risks resulting from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Ekulu River sediments were estimated in this study. The Ekulu River receives pollutants potentially containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from runoff from automotive workshops... -
Estimation of pesticide mixture interaction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using survival analysis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: KC Kanu --- , Nigeria NH Amaeze --- , Nigeria AA Otitoloju --- , NigeriaThe acute toxicity of the pesticides atrazine, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, acting singly and jointly, was assessed on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Median lethal concentration (LC50), median lethal time (LT50), and mixture interaction were estimated, whereas survival analysis was... -
An evaluation of the environmental behaviour, fate and risk of key pesticides used in South African forest plantations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Noxolo Nokwethemba Ndlovu --- , South Africa Keith Little --- , South Africa Brenda Baillie --- , New Zealand Carol Rolando --- , New ZealandPesticides are important for the management of pests and diseases that have a negative impact on the sustainability of the forestry industry. Nevertheless, there is a trend to reduce pesticide use owing to the potential detrimental impacts they pose to... -
Assessment of metal pollution in sediment and its impact on the macrobenthic community of Richards Bay Harbour, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: JI Izegaegbe --- University of Zululand, South Africa L Vivier --- University of Zululand, South Africa HMM Mzimela --- University of Zululand, South AfricaPort and industrial activities often cause contamination of estuarine sediments, yet information on sediment metal contamination in Richards Bay Harbour is limited. This study examined the extent and ecological relevance of metal contamination using sediment quality guidelines, pollution indices, macrobenthic... -
Cadmium exposure induces testicular oxidative damage and histopathological changes in the freshwater leech Limnatis nilotica (Savigny, 1822): the protective role of salicylic acid
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: Ichrak Khaled --- University of Gafsa, Tunisia Issam Saidi --- University of Gafsa, Tunisia Raja Ben Ahmed --- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia Ramzi Amari --- University of Gafsa, Tunisia Waleed Aldahmash --- King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Octavian Pacioglu --- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Romania Najla Hfaiedh --- University of Gafsa, Tunisia Abdel Halim Harrath --- King Saud University, Saudi ArabiaThe present study examined the histopathological changes and some parameters of oxidative stress in the testes of the freshwater leech Limnatis nilotica, following their exposure to 50 µg l−1 of cadmium (Cd). The protective effects of salicylic acid (SA) in... -
Comparison of the acute toxicity and behavioural effects of two pyrethroids on African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: EO Ogueji --- Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Nigeria JJ Ekpenyong --- Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Nigeria GU Amana --- Kogi State University, Nigeria EB Tabi --- Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Nigeria IB Okey --- Cross River University of Technology, Nigeria MO Olaolu --- Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Nigeria JN Nwakpa --- Ebonyi State University, NigeriaTwo of the most-commonly used pyrethroid insecticides were subjected to static bioassays to determine their acute toxicity to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, followed by comparisons of their impact on mortality and behavioural changes in the fish. The LC50 values for deltamethrin... -
Evaluation of the effect of soil acidity amelioration on maize yield and nutrient interrelationships using stepwise regression and nutrient vector analysis
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: H.G. Jansen van Ransburg --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa A.S. Claassens --- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa D.J. Beukes --- ARC-lnstitute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaThe interrelationships between elemental content of selected soil and leaf nutrients and maize grain yield were evaluated in a liming experiment conducted on a Hutton and Oakleaf soil in a resource-poor farming area in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa... -
Pre- and post-emergent herbicides tested as alternatives to glyphosate for vegetation management during pine and eucalypt establishment, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Keith M Little --- Nelson Mandela University, South Africa Ira Tzitzika --- Nelson Mandela University, South AfricaPre-emergent, selective and desiccant herbicides were tested for the control of competing vegetation in a pine and eucalypt trial and, if successful, to reduce the reliance on manual ring-weeding and/or glyphosate (current practice). Both trials consisted of ten treatments replicated...