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The production potential of an acacia karroo community utilized by cattle and goats
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: A.J. Aucamp --- Department of Agriculture (Eastern Cape Region), J.E. Danckwerts --- Department of Agriculture (Eastern Cape Region), J.J. Venter --- Department of Agriculture (Eastern Cape Region),An investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between bush density and animal production/ha as well as between bush density and profitability/ha. Boer goat farming was found to be more profitable in the short term than beef ranching. The best... -
Plant palatability assessment and its implications for plant‐herbivore relations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: N. Owen‐Smith --- Resource Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, S.M. Cooper --- Resource Ecology Group, Department of Zoology,An objective method used to assess the palatability of the foliage of woody plant species to kudus, impalas and goats is described. Observations were made on the feeding behaviour of tame animals in the Nylslvey Nature Reserve in northern Transvaal... -
The rate of consumption of bush and grass by goats in a representative acacia karroo savanna community in the Eastern Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.R. Teague --- ,Consumption of browse and grass in a representative Acacia karroo savanna community was measured. Acacia karroo was preferred to grass. It was selected almost exclusively when available at high leaf densities. Grass was consumed in significant amounts only when approximately... -
Effect of intensity and frequency of defoliation on aerial growth and carbohydrate reserve levels in Acacia karroo plants
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.R. Teague --- Department of Agriculture and Water Supply (Eastern Cape Region), Republic of South AfricaAcacia karroo trees were defoliated by goats at two intensities and four frequencies; 2, 4, 8 and 12‐weekly. Leaf accumulation and carbohydrate reserve levels were compared to a non‐defoliated control, and to plants (defoliation controls) which were defoliated for the... -
The response of Acacia karroo plants to defoliation of the upper or lower canopy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.R. Teague --- , Republic of South AfricaThe response of Acacia karroo trees to defoliation of either the upper or lower canopy only, was compared experimentally with that of plants whose whole canopies had been defoliated at a range of defoliation levels. These plants were very sensitive... -
Simulating browse production and response of Acacia karroo to defoliation I. Model description and sensitivity analyses
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.R. Teague --- , Republic of South Africa RosemaryC. Teague --- , Republic of South Africa B.H. Walker --- Department of Botany, Republic of South AfricaThe model is aimed at synthesizing existing data to enhance the understanding of this data and explore the consequences of possible browse management strategies. It gives a good reproduction of the shoot and leaf growth responses used to develop it... -
Simulating browse production and response of Acacia karroo to defoliation II. Evaluation of browse management systems and strategies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.R. Teague --- , Republic of South Africa B.H. Walker --- Centre for Resource Ecology, Republic of South AfricaTo assess management implications, a model was used to simulate the response of Acacia karroo to a wide range of different climatic patterns and defoliation regimes. The model predicts that if poor growing conditions initiate growth later in spring than... -
Growth and production of Vicia dasycarpa Ten., Namoi as influenced by an oat support crop and nitrogen fertilizer
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: V.D. Wassermann --- Rietondale Research Station, Gillian Heyns --- Rietondale Research Station, A.J. Kruger --- Rietondale Research Station,The performance of Vicia dasycarpa cv. Namoi in pure stand and mixed with oats at four densities, grown at three levels of N fertilizer, was studied in the field under irrigation. Both the increased plant density of oats and N... -
Antagonistic effect of MCPA on Avena sterilis with tralkoxydim
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: B.L. de Villiers --- Small Grain Centre, Republic of South Africa D. du Toit --- , Republic of South AfricaControl of wild oats (Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana Nyman) with tralkoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)propyl]-3- hydroxy-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) cyclohex-2-enone} in a tank mix with MCPA (2-methyl-4-chloro phenoxy acetic acid) and/or bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile-octanoate and heptanoate esters) was determined under controlled conditions. Tralkoxydim alone and combinations with... -
The effect of crop rotation with wheat and oats on the incidence of Fusarium crown rot of wheat
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: O. Los --- , Republic of South Africa S.W. Baard --- Department of Plant Pathology, Republic of South Africa W. F.O. Marasas --- Medical Research Council, Republic of South Africa S.A. Burgers --- , Republic of South AfricaCrown rot is a serious disease of wheat in the central and western parts of the Orange Free State. The disease, caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Group 1, is difficult to control and crop rotation has been suggested as a... -
Winter cover crops effects on soil strength, infiltration and water retention in a sandy loam Oakleaf soil in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: HA Mupambwa --- Department of Agronomy, South Africa IIC Wakindiki --- Department of Agronomy, South AfricaThere is substantial evidence that cover crops increase soil fertility and plant nutrition but the few studies concerning soil physical properties are conflicting. This study determined the effects of monocultures of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), oats... -
Browsing of Grewia occidentalis by domestic stock in a South African savanna: the influence of bush clumps
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: L.H. Watson D.H. BrownIn South African karoo categorised by multi-species bush clumps, skirted shrub species appear to physically defend the palatable shrub Grewia occidentalis against browsing by eland (Taurotragus oryx). Skirted shrubs appear to defend G. occidentalis by preventing access to plants and... -
Seasonal variation in forage quality and mimosine contents of two varieties of Leucaena leucocephala
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: AA Akingbade IV Nsahlai CD MorrisSeasonal variation in forage quality and mimosine contents of two varieties (cultivars Cunningham and Spectra) of Leucaena leucocepha/a were evaluated. Cultivar (cv.) Cunningham was available throughout summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons while cv. Spectra was available during summer, winter... -
Estimation of grazing by herbivores from analysis of dung
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: L V Mabinya J M Brand J G Raats W S W TrollopeTwo phenolic acids, p-coumaric and ferulic acid, can be liberated from grass material by mild alkaline hydrolysis and resolved by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The two acids can also be recovered from the dung of various herbivores and their presence... -
Composition of colostrum and milk of South African indigenous Nguni goats grazing natural pasture and supplemented with concentrate
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: A A Akingbade I V Nsahlai C D MorrisSamples of colostrum, early and late lactation milk from thirteen South African indigenous Nguni goats (SAING) were analysed for contents of total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, ash and energy. Relationships between colostrum or milk and some parameters... -
The response of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) to sowing rate and herbicide application
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: MA Turk AM Tawaha NH SamarahA 2-year field study was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000 at Houfa in northern Jordan, to study the influence of various sowing rates (20kg ha-1, 40kg ha-1 and 60kg ha-1) and 2,4-D application at two growth... -
The use of trees, shrubs and herbs in livestock production by communal farmers in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: N Kunene RAC Wilson NP MyeniA survey of the use of trees, shrubs and herbs for livestock production was conducted through questionnaires among 90 farmers in the communal areas of northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The areas surveyed were located at Mtubatuba, Hluhluwe, Kwadlangezwa and... -
The contribution and direct-use value of livestock to rural livelihoods in the Sand River catchment, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: CM Shackleton SE Shackleton TR Netshiluvhi FR MathabelaThe productive functions of livestock ownership in communal areas are multipurpose in character, comprising a mix of stock types and a range of goods and services used. When all these multiple uses are accounted for, the cash and direct-use returns... -
Using rain-use efficiency to explore livestock production trends in rangelands in the Transkei, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: AR Palmer A AinslieWe qualitatively describe the condition of communally managed rangelands in the Transkei, South Africa, using GIS and high resolution near-infrared imagery. Using livestock census data from 28 magisterial districts in the Transkei, we explored the trends in livestock biomass from... -
Evaluation of a thin-layer chromatographic technique for identification of bush species browsed by goats
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: LV Mabinya JM BrandDiet selection by herbivores is a major determinant of animal and plant production and has a direct bearing on the sustainability of stock farming generally. Fistulated goats were confined in designated plots on the University of Fort Hare research farm... -
Comparison of Production Performance and Tolerance to Helminthosis of Toggenburg and Norwegian Crossbred Goats Under Smallholder Production Systems in Tanzania
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: S. W. Chenyambuga --- Department of Animal Science and Production, Tanzania D. S. Shija --- Department of Animal Science and Production, Tanzania L. J. M. Kusiluka --- The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tanzania F. P. Lekule --- Department of Animal Science and Production, TanzaniaThis study was carried out to compare the growth rate, lactation performance and tolerance to gastrointestinal nematode infection of Toggenburg and Norwegian breeds in Kongwa district, Tanzania with a semi-arid environment and Mvomero district with a sub-humid environment. Milk production... -
Apparent digestibility and microbial protein yield of Desmodium uncinatum, Mucuna pruriens and Vigna unguiculata forage legumes in goats
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Simbarashe Katsande --- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, South Africa Joseph J Baloyi --- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, South Africa Florence V Nherera-Chokuda --- Agricultural Research Council, South Africa Nobbert T Ngongoni --- Faculty of Agriculture, Zimbabwe Gift Matope --- Paraclinical Department of Veterinary Sciences, Zimbabwe Plaxedis I Zvinorova --- Paraclinical Department of Veterinary Sciences, Zimbabwe Jacob Gusha --- Paraclinical Department of Veterinary Sciences, ZimbabweThis study examined the effects of adding forage legumes as protein supplements to poor-quality natural pasture (veld) hay offered to goats on microbial protein yield and nitrogen metabolism. Four indigenous Nguni-type goats were used in a 4×4 Latin cross-over design... -
Effect of drought on communal livestock farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: S Vetter --- , South Africa VL Goodall --- , South Africa R Alcock --- , South AfricaDespite the size of the informal small-scale farming sector and its livestock holdings in South Africa, there has been little detailed work to assess how livestock populations are affected by drought. South Africa experienced a major drought in 2015–2016. We... -
Goat feeds and feeding practises in a semi-arid smallholder farming system in Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Takudzwa Charambira --- , Zimbabwe Shelton M Kagande --- , Zimbabwe Irenie Chakoma --- , Zimbabwe Gwinyai Chibaira --- , Zimbabwe Prisca H Mugabe --- , ZimbabweThis study was conducted to identify the available goat feed resources for smallholder farmers in the semi-arid region of Zimbabwe. An ecological rangeland assessment was combined with participatory research methods to determine the diversity of feed resources in two wards... -
Seasonal dynamics of forage nutrition in smallholder goat production systems in Malawi
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Andrew S Cooke --- University of Lincoln, UK Winchester Mvula --- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi Patson Nalivata --- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi Javier Ventura-Cordero --- Queen’s University Belfast, UK Lovemore C Gwiriri --- Coventry University, Taro Takahashi --- Rothamsted Research, UK Eric R Morgan --- Queen’s University Belfast, UK Michael RF Lee --- Harper Adams University, UK Andrews Safalaoh --- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, MalawiForage and browse are a valuable natural resource in Malawi that can be used to support livestock production which, in turn, can contribute towards delivering income and nutrition to households and communities. However, the quality and quantity of forages can...