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Preparation of Moulding Resins from Inexpensive By-products: Substitution of Phenol Novolac with Unmodified Lignin in Moulding Resin and its Effect on Physical Properties of Mouldings
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.E. Ysbrandy --- Department of Wood Science, Republic of South Africa G. F.R. Gerischer --- Department of Wood Science, Republic of South Africa R.D. Sanderson --- , Republic of South AfricaMouldings of 25% resin content were prepared. Substitution of phenol novolac with various ratios of unmodified bagasse lignin was investigated. The effect of lignin incorporation on tensile and dimensional stability properties of mouldings was then studied. Low levels of lignin... -
Laboratory Technique for the Development and Evaluation of Moulded Resinous Composites
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.E. Ysbrandy --- Dept. of Wood Science, G. F.R. Gerischer --- Dept. of Wood Science, R.D. Sanderson --- , Republic of South AfricaTwo procedures of resin moulding powder preparation were evaluated. Their results are discussed on the basis of their tensile properties for moulded dumb-bells. The best procedure was then implemented for future work on phenolated pitch/ligin systems. Mouldings of different resin... -
Preparation of Binders from Inexpensive By-products for Use in High-Pressure Phenolic Laminates: Reactive Phenosolvan Pitch-Lignin Derived Products for Use in Impregnating Varnishes and Testing of 6-Ply Hessian-Paper Laminates
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Forestry Journal • Authors: R.E. Ysbrandy --- Department of Wood Science, G. F.R. Gerischer --- Department of Wood Science, R.D. Sanderson --- , Republic of South AfricaEqual mixtures of phenosolvan pitch and autohydrolysis bagasse lignin in the presence of either acid or alkaline catalyst and without catalyst were submitted to a thermal treatment stage at 230°C (Phenolation). Each of the phenolated products was mixed with phenol... -
Effect of nutrient calcium on the cell wall composition and digestibility of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: J.P. Marais --- , Republic of South Africa D.L. Figenschou --- , Republic of South Africa Maria de Figueiredo --- , Republic of South AfricaThe effect of calcium in the nutrient medium on kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst), grown in a solution culture, was investigated. Calcium had no effect on the lignin content of leaf material, but decreased the lignin content per unit stem... -
Carbon and nitrogen mineralisation and inactivation of the Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize (MON810) residues during composting
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: CK Daudu --- Department of Agronomy, South Africa P Muchaonyerwa --- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa PNS Mnkeni --- Department of Agronomy, South AfricaA study was carried out to determine the effects of composting Bt maize residues on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and activity of the Cry1Ab protein in the compost. Residues (leaf plus stem) of mature Bt maize (DKC 7815B)... -
Rapid estimation of kraft pulp yield and lignin in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Leucaena leucocephala by diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: P Ramadevi --- , India R Meder --- , Australia M Varghese --- , IndiaNear-infrared spectroscopy has been used to develop calibration models for the rapid determination of kraft pulp yield (KPY) and lignin in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Leucaena leucocephala. The correlation coefficient for cross-validation is 0.90 for KPY and 0.95 for lignin prediction,... -
The use of near-infrared scanning for the prediction of pulp yield and chemical properties of Pinus patula in the Mpumalanga escarpment area of South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: C Kipuputwa --- School of Natural Resource Management, South Africa V Grzeskowiak --- , South Africa JH Louw --- School of Natural Resource Management, South AfricaNear-infrared (NIR) scanning technology is regarded as a potential tool for rapid determination of wood properties, which can substitute time-consuming and costly traditional methods. Pinus patula is the most important softwood species in South Africa, and this study is aimed... -
The effect of Sirex noctilio infestation and fire damage on the chemical composition of South African-grown Pinus patula pulpwood
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: M du Plessis NJ le Roux S Gardner-Lubbe JPJ Swart (Change Le to le) T RypstraThe infection and association between the wood wasp Sirex noctilio and the fungus Amylostereum areolatum is responsible for large-scale tree mortality in the Midlands of the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. An exploratory investigation on the effect of the infestation... -
Wood anatomical and chemical properties related to the pulpability of Eucalyptus globulus: a review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Isabel Carrillo --- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Centro de Biotecnología, Chile Claudia Vidal --- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Centro de Biotecnología, Chile Juan P Elissetche --- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Centro de Biotecnología, Chile Regis T Mendonça --- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Centro de Biotecnología, ChileEucalyptus globulus is one of the most important hardwood species used by the pulp and paper industry due to its high pulp yield, high wood density, excellent fibre quality and good handsheet properties. However, the wood is a highly variable... -
Evaluating resistance drilling and NIR spectroscopy for quantifying wood quality of young eucalypts grown in Guangxi province in southern China
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science • Authors: Y Cheng --- , China GM Downes --- , Australia C Johnsson --- , Sweden B Sundberg --- , Sweden RJ Arnold --- Research Institute for Fast-growing Trees, ChinaCost-effective, non-destructive means of estimating wood properties of eucalypts grown in Guangxi, China, were evaluated using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and resistance drilling. For this evaluation, wood samples for NIR analysis and resistance drill measurements were collected from 581 trees,...