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Influence of temperature and growth stage on the diurnal fluctuation in the non‐structural carbohydrate content of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: J.P. Marais --- , Republic of South Africa D.L. Figenschou --- , Republic of South AfricaThe non‐structural carbohydrates of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst) seem to consist mainly of sucrose. Total non‐structural carbohydrate content increased rapidly during the morning and reached maximum concentration in the afternoon. After sunset, the concentration decreased rapidly, reaching a minimum level... -
Differences in the level of D-glucose and sucrose among durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum L.) genotypes differing in their responses to drought stress
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: K.F. Solomon --- Department of Plant Sciences, South Africa M.T. Labuschagne --- Department of Plant Sciences, South AfricaThe effect of drought stress on the content of water soluble carbohydrate (sucrose and D-glucose) was investigated in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum L.) above ground organs to assess and characterise the responses of genotypes with differing responses to... -
HETEROTROPHIC UTILIZATION OF ACETATE AND GLUCOSE IN SWARTVLEI, SOUTH AFRICA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: RichardD. Robarts --- , South AfricaThe utilization of dissolved organic compounds in Swartvlei was measured by the addition of single concentrations of 14C-labelled acetate and glucose to water samples, The results indicated acetate uptake was greatest in the aerobic zone while glucose was predominantly utilized... -
Toxicity of the chlorpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos®: effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters of African catfish Clarias gariepinus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: CD Nwani --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria DO Ugwu --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria OC Okeke --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria GC Onyishi --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria FN Ekeh --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria C Atama --- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nigeria LO Eneje --- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, NigeriaThe present study, conducted in 2012, determined the toxicity of the chlorpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos® and its effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters in juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The 96 h LC50, estimated by probit analysis in a... -
A survey of metabolic syndrome in first-degree relatives (fathers) of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: M Akbarzadeh --- Academic Instructor, Iran F Moradi --- Midwife, University of Medical Sciences, Iran MH Dabbaghmanesh --- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Iran P Jafari --- Department of Biostatistics, Iran ME Parsanezhad --- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IranObjectives: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at twice the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, compared to women from the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the first-degree relatives... -
Should haemoglobin A1c be used for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in South Africa?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: JA George --- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service,Diabetes is an important medical problem in sub-Saharan Africa. It has traditionally been diagnosed by means of fasting plasma glucose, random blood glucose or an oral glucose tolerance test. Each of these has limitations and, in 2009, an expert committee... -
Lack of association of glycated haemoglobin with blood pressure and subclinical atherosclerosis in black South Africans: a five-year prospective study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: ASE Koegelenberg --- Hypertension in Africa Research Team; North-West University, A Kruger --- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, GW Towers --- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, AE Schutte --- Hypertension in Africa Research Team; North-West University,Objectives: Hypertension and diabetes are common in rapidly urbanising sub-Saharan African communities. However, lack of longitudinal data in these regions prevents adequate analysis of the link between measures of glycaemia and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we examined the relationships of fasting... -
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the rural southern Free State
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: AJ Groenewald --- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, HJ van Wyk --- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, CM Walsh --- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, S van Zyl --- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, LJ van der Merwe --- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,Background: A worldwide increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported and an even further increase is expected as a result of lifestyle changes. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of DM in... -
Lack of association of glycated haemoglobin with blood pressure and subclinical atherosclerosis in black South Africans: a five-year prospective study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: ASE Koegelenberg --- Hypertension in Africa Research Team; North-West University, A Kruger --- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, GW Towers --- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, AE Schutte --- Hypertension in Africa Research Team; North-West University,Objectives: Hypertension and diabetes are common in rapidly urbanising sub-Saharan African communities. However, lack of longitudinal data in these regions prevents adequate analysis of the link between measures of glycaemia and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we examined the relationships of fasting... -
Blood sugar control in the intensive care unit: time to relook
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Amy G. Rapsang --- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India Devajit C. Shyam --- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, IndiaThe choice of blood sugar control technique in the intensive care unit (ICU) has long been debated. Intensive insulin therapy to achieve normoglycaemia has been shown to reduce mortality, morbidity and the length of ICU stay, but at the same... -
Biochemical and haematological responses in African catfish Clarias gariepinus following chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertiliser
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: MNO Ajima --- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Nigeria OA Ogo --- Department of Biochemistry, Nigeria LE Akpa --- Department of Zoology, Nigeria I Ajaero --- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, NigeriaThe indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilisers to boost plant productivity has resulted in negative consequences in aquatic ecosystems. The effects of chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertiliser at 0.40, 0.80 and 1.60 g l−1 on the haematological and biochemical responses... -
Blood plasma glucose regulation in Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Babalwa R. Mqokeli --- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Colleen T. Downs --- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaFrugivores feed on fruits and nectars that contain different types of sugars in different proportions, which provide these animals with energy. Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) has a high glucose intake irrespective of sugar concentration of nectar. It is... -
Haemolymph parameter changes in the South African Mooi River crab Potamonautes warreni during prolonged starvation
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: WJ van Aardt --- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South AfricaAnimals in the wild are constrained by food resources. To understand the severity of starvation events on their biology, starvation in all its manifestations must be documented. Male Potamonautes warreni Calman crabs were collected live from the Mooi River, near... -
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, still changing
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: D Hall --- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Africa M du Toit --- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Africa D Mason --- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Africa M Conradie --- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, South AfricaObjective: The management of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Significant global changes have been proposed with regard to the diagnosis and management of women with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. The study aims were... -
The use of clove oil to induce anaesthesia, and its effects on blood chemistry, in Lates niloticus from Lake Victoria, Uganda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Aquatic Science • Authors: D Kahwa --- Department of Wildlife and Aquatic Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Uganda J Rutaisire --- Aquaculture Research and Development Centre, Uganda H Kaiser --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South AfricaThe efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic and its effects on blood parameters in Nile perch Lates niloticus were evaluated in 2010. Clove oil concentrations of 49.3, 73.9 and 98.5 mg l−1 induced anaesthesia in <3 min, while the average recovery... -
The metabolic profiles of HIV-infected and non-infected women in Mangaung, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: Z. Hattingh --- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, C. Walsh --- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fj Veldman --- Fibrinogen Unit, Cj Bester --- Department of Biostatistics,Objective: To determine the biochemical nutritional status of HIV-infected women in Mangaung. -
Effects of self-monitoring of blood glucose on diabetes control in a resource-limited diabetic clinic
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: S Pillay --- Department of Internal Medicine, South Africa C Aldous --- School of Clinical Medicine, South AfricaBackground: Diabetes mellitus places an enormous burden upon both patients and countries’ health systems. Integral to achieving control is patients assuming responsibility for their condition. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can serve as a powerful tool modifying lifestyle behaviour and... -
The effect of the glycaemic response of three commonly consumed meals on postprandial plasma glucose in type 2 diabetics at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: IM Nnadi --- Department of Human Nutrition, Nigeria OO Keshinro --- Department of Human Nutrition, NigeriaObjectives: This study evaluated the glycaemic response of three commonly consumed meals, and the resultant effect on postprandial plasma glucose response in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria. -
Physiological response to angling of Africa’s premier freshwater angling species, the tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Zoology • Authors: Ruan Gerber --- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South Africa Glyn Howatson --- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South Africa Richard Greenfield --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South Africa Ina Wagenaar --- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, South Africa Nico Smit --- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South AfricaAngling fraternities widely promote catch-and-release (C&R) as a fisheries management tool. This study aimed to determine the physiological response of Africa’s premier freshwater angling species, the tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus, to C&R angling in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Standard angling techniques... -
Effect of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycaemic outcome among type 2 diabetic patients
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: Oluwajimi Olanrewaju Sodipo --- Department of Family Medicine, Ayoade Adedokun --- Department of Family Medicine, Adedeji Adejumo Olusola --- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, NigeriaBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which leads to complications especially when not properly managed. The role of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetic patients using oral hypoglycaemic agents has been a source of controversy. -
A practical guide to the interpretation of PK/PD profiles of longer-acting analogue insulins. Part one: The principles of glucose clamp studies
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: Oppel BW Greeff --- Department of Pharmacology, South Africa Jacob John van Tonder --- Triclinium Clinical Development (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Kershlin Naidu --- Department of Internal Medicine, South Africa Alicia McMaster --- Sanofi-Aventis South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Alet van Tonder --- Sanofi-Aventis South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Rashem Mothilal --- Sanofi-Aventis South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South AfricaGlucose clamp studies are used to determine pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of analogue insulins. With the development of longer-acting basal analogue insulins, including glargine 300 (Gla-300) and insulin degludec (IDeg), results from numerous glucose clamp studies are readily available... -
A practical guide to the interpretation of PK/PD profiles of longer-acting analogue insulins. Part two: Insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine U300
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: Oppel Bw Greeff --- Department of Pharmacology, South Africa Jacob John van Tonder --- Triclinium Clinical Development (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Kershlin Naidu --- Department of Internal Medicine, South Africa Alicia McMaster --- Sanofi-Aventis South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Alet van Tonder --- Sanofi-Aventis South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Rashem Mothilal --- Sanofi-Aventis South Africa (Pty) Ltd, South AfricaGlucose clamp studies form an integral part of the early development of insulin therapies. Data generated in these studies are used to establish pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of the agents, but methodological differences confound comparison of results from... -
Evaluating the effects of catch-and-release angling on Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi in a South African estuary
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: NK Arkert --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa A-R Childs --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa MC Parkinson --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa AC Winkler --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa E Butler --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa S Mannheim --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa WM Potts --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South AfricaFisheries managers are increasingly promoting catch-and-release (C&R) to manage recreationally angled fish stocks. Despite this, there is a scarcity of information on the effects of C&R on estuarine-dependent species. Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi dominates the recreational fisheries catch and provides... -
Effect of graded levels of dietary carbohydrate on growth, feed utilisation and intestinal microbial community structure in dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus fed a pelleted diet
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: NC Mabasa --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa PJ Britz --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa CLW Jones --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South Africa A Nel --- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, South AfricaThe ability to utilise carbohydrates is limited for many predatory marine fishes. Graded levels of dietary carbohydrate (4.1–24.6%) were formulated using pregelatinised maize starch, to determine optimal levels for dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus, an emerging mariculture finfish for which pelleted... -
Should all patients on insulin be using continuous glucose monitoring?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: Larry A Distiller --- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, South AfricaContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is being used increasingly both in patients on insulin pumps (CSII) and more recently in those on multiple injection regimens (MIR). This review lists the CGM devices available in South Africa and explores the literature supporting... -
Maize grain soluble sugar and protein contents in response to simulated hail damage
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Plant and Soil • Authors: Silindile P Miya --- Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Albert T Modi --- Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Samson Z Tesfay --- Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi --- Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, South AfricaProduction of grain of high nutritional quality is essential in maize (Zea mays L.) as a food grain crop. Grain quality may be influenced by environmental and management factors, such as hail, plant density and grain selection. A study was... -
Physiological stress response and recovery of an important estuarine fishery species, dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus, after a simulated catch-and-release event
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: NK Arkert --- , South Africa A-R Childs --- , South Africa MI Duncan --- , South Africa M Farthing --- , South Africa WM Potts --- , South AfricaCatch and release (C&R) angling is a popular pastime the world over; however, studies have found that fish can experience considerable stress during a C&R event. To determine the effect of a C&R event on angled fishes, the physiological stress... -
Acute effects of single-bout exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and controlled crossover trials
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: Dominic Hicks --- , South Africa Robert C Hickner --- , South Africa Usha Govinden --- , South Africa Takshita Sookan --- , South AfricaBackground: Exercise interventions improve type 2 diabetes (T2D). Published randomised control trials and crossover control trials were systematically examined to establish the differences in the effect of single-bout exercise on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2... -
Concurrent low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with/without physical activity does not improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: Gerrit J Breukelman --- , South Africa Albertus K Basson --- , South Africa Trayana G Djarova --- , South Africa Cornelia J Du Preez --- , South Africa Ina Shaw --- , South Africa Heidi Malan --- , South Africa Brandon S Shaw --- , South Africa -
Feasibility and acceptability of continuous at-home glucose monitoring during pregnancy: a mixed-methods pilot study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: Alastair van Heerden --- Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa Şefki Kolozali --- University of Essex, United Kingom Shane A Norris --- University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa -
Clinical insights from continuous glucose monitor use in patients living with type 1 diabetes in rural Malawi
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa • Authors: G Ferrari --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA M Boti --- , Malawi D Nakotwa --- , Malawi A Gomber --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA MM Coates --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA K Kumwenda --- , Malawi F Valeta --- , Malawi L Drown --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA A Thapa --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA V Mithi --- , Malawi A Msekandiana --- Baylor, College of Medicine Children’s Foundation, Malawi C Kachimanga --- , Malawi PH Park --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA AJ Adler --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA G Bukhman --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA T Ruderman --- , Malawi C Trujillo --- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA