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The production potential of an acacia karroo community utilized by cattle and goats
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: A.J. Aucamp --- Department of Agriculture (Eastern Cape Region), J.E. Danckwerts --- Department of Agriculture (Eastern Cape Region), J.J. Venter --- Department of Agriculture (Eastern Cape Region),An investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between bush density and animal production/ha as well as between bush density and profitability/ha. Boer goat farming was found to be more profitable in the short term than beef ranching. The best... -
A comparison of highveld fodders and fodder flows for growing out long yearling steers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: J.O. Grunow --- Department of Plant Production, P.A. Pieterse --- Department of Plant Production, D.E. Borlinghaus --- ,A fodder flow/animal experiment 40,8 ha in extent (7,5 ha irrigated), with 19 paddocks, was carried out over a two and a half year period. -
Influence of climatic and edaphic factors on the distribution of eragrostis lehmanniana nees in Arizona, USA
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: J R Cox --- US Department of Agriculture, USA G B Ruyle --- Renewable Natural Resources, USALehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) was introduced into Arizona, USA, from South Africa in 1932 and has since been sown throughout the southwestern USA and Northern Mexico. The species is well adapted in southeastern Arizona where it has been sown... -
The influence of stocking rate and grazing system on the crude protein content and digestibility of Tarchonanthus veld in the northern cape1
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: J H Fourie --- Department of Agriculture (Free State Region), E A N Engels --- Department of Agriculture (Free State Region), HeilaL H C DeBruyn --- Department of Agriculture (Free State Region),Four stocking rates (10, 7, 6 and 4 ha/large stock unit), in both rotational and continuous grazing, have been applied with cattle on Tarchonanthus veld. The crude protein content and digestibility of organic matter of handcut samples and herbage samples... -
A model for the evaluation of different production strategies for animal production from rangeland in developing areas: An overview
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: F.D. Richardson --- Department of Applied Mathematics, Republic of South Africa B.D. Hahn --- Department of Applied Mathematics, Republic of South Africa P.I. Wilke --- Department of Animal Science, Republic of South AfricaAn interactive user‐friendly computer package is being developed to assist planners and managers with the evaluation of different livestock production strategies in semi‐arid regions. It comprises a hierarchy of simulation models that predict over time the effects of past and... -
A critical analysis of veld management recommendations for sourveld in the south‐eastern Transvaal
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa • Authors: D.L. Barnes --- Department of Agricultural Development (Transvaal Region), Republic of South AfricaSurveys have shown that the grazing value of veld in the south‐eastern Transvaal is well below the estimated potential. Extension efforts aimed at rectifying the situation have been unsuccessful in that most recommendations have not been acceptable to producers. An... -
Effect of plant height at cutting, source and level of fertiliser on yield and nutritional quality of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schumach.)
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: T Zewdu RMT Baars A YamiNapier grass (Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schumach.) was studied using a 5 x 3 factorial experiment arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The treatments were five fertiliser applications (0kg ha-1 N, 46kg ha-1 N and 92kg ha-1... -
Mineral element status of soils, native pastures and cattle blood serum in the mid-altitude of western Ethiopia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Lemma Gizachew Adane Hirpha Fikadu Jalata G N SmitDespite the crucial role of mineral elements in animal production and health, their status in soil, native pasture and animal body tissues or fluids in the mid-altitude of Ethiopia has had little study. To determine the concentration of mineral elements... -
Estimation of grazing by herbivores from analysis of dung
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: L V Mabinya J M Brand J G Raats W S W TrollopeTwo phenolic acids, p-coumaric and ferulic acid, can be liberated from grass material by mild alkaline hydrolysis and resolved by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The two acids can also be recovered from the dung of various herbivores and their presence... -
The use of trees, shrubs and herbs in livestock production by communal farmers in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: N Kunene RAC Wilson NP MyeniA survey of the use of trees, shrubs and herbs for livestock production was conducted through questionnaires among 90 farmers in the communal areas of northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The areas surveyed were located at Mtubatuba, Hluhluwe, Kwadlangezwa and... -
The contribution and direct-use value of livestock to rural livelihoods in the Sand River catchment, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: CM Shackleton SE Shackleton TR Netshiluvhi FR MathabelaThe productive functions of livestock ownership in communal areas are multipurpose in character, comprising a mix of stock types and a range of goods and services used. When all these multiple uses are accounted for, the cash and direct-use returns... -
Factors affecting in sacco dietary degradation by Ankole cattle grazing natural range pastures in Uganda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: S Okello EN Sabiiti HJ SchwartzThe in sacco disappearance of dietary dry matter after 48h of incubation in the rumen (DMd) was examined for its relationship with seasonal changes in neutral detergent fibre (NDFd), crude protein (CPd), cellulose (CELL), hemicellulose (HCELL), acid detergent lignin (ADLd)... -
Using rain-use efficiency to explore livestock production trends in rangelands in the Transkei, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: AR Palmer A AinslieWe qualitatively describe the condition of communally managed rangelands in the Transkei, South Africa, using GIS and high resolution near-infrared imagery. Using livestock census data from 28 magisterial districts in the Transkei, we explored the trends in livestock biomass from... -
Defoliation patterns of three grass species in sourveld grazed by cattle and sheep
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: M.B. Hardy --- , Republic of South Africa N.M. Tainton --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South Africa C.D. Morris --- , Republic of South AfricaA point‐based technique was used to determine the effects of grazing, due to stocking rate and cattle‐to‐sheep ratio, on the defoliation pattern of three grass species. At each of 100 systematically located points per grazing treatment the nearest plant of... -
The effects of mixed‐species grazing on the performance of cattle and sheep in Highland Sourveld
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: M.B. Hardy --- , Republic of South Africa N.M. Tainton --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South AfricaThe performance of cattle and sheep in relation to cattle‐to‐sheep ratio was measured over four grazing seasons. Rainfall for the first three grazing seasons was similar to the long‐term mean of 790 mm whilst 1992/1993 was a relatively low rainfall... -
The effect of past grazing intensity on the vigour of Themeda triandra and Tristachya leucothrix
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: G.M. Peddie --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South Africa N.M. Tainton --- Department of Grassland Science, Republic of South Africa M.B. Hardy --- KwaZulu‐Natal Department of Agriculture,Tuft vigour of important sourveld grasses was indexed by measuring the regrowth, during a full season's rest, of tufts of Themeda triandra Forssk. and Tristachya leucothrix Nees, which (1) had not been grazed, (2) had been leniently, or (3) had... -
Perspective: Towards improved grazing management recommendations for sourveld
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: K.P. Kirkman --- , Republic of South Africa A. Moore --- , Republic of South AfricaCritical evaluation of grazing management recommendations for sourveld revealed scientific, economic and practical deficiencies. These recommendations are seldom adopted. Recent scientific evidence has facilitated the adoption of certain principles in new practical, economically viable recommendations aimed at maintaining or improving... -
AU Triumph, Johnstone and Kentucky 31 tall fescue pastures versus maize silage in diets for lactating dairy cattle
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: J.F. Kabiligi --- , Rwanda B.R. Moss --- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, United States of America D.I. Bransby --- Agronomy Dept., United States of America J.L. Holliman --- , United States of America J.C. Lin --- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, United States of AmericaThe performance of lactating dairy cattle fed on a maize silage (S) dry‐lot scheme was compared with that of lactating dairy cattle switched abruptly from a dry‐lot regime to graze endophyte‐free Johnstone (J), Kentucky 31 (K), or AU Triumph (T)... -
KLEE: A long‐term multi‐species herbivore exclusion experiment in Laikipia, Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: T.P. Young --- Department of Environmental Horticulture, United States of America B.D. Okello --- , Kenya D. Kinyua --- , Kenya T.M. Palmer --- , KenyaLivestock and wildlife share much of their respective ranges throughout the semi‐arid ecosystems of the world. As the profitability of livestock production becomes more marginal and wildlife values increase, there is a need to understand the interactions between livestock and... -
Herbaceous biomass, species composition and soil properties of keygrazing patches in coastal forest thornveld and two grassland types of theEastern Cape province, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: B Moyo --- Livestock and Pasture Science, South Africa S Dube --- Natural Resources and the Environment, South Africa M Lesoli --- Livestock and Pasture Science, South Africa PJ Masika --- , South AfricaIn spite of predictions of communal rangeland collapse due to continuous grazing and increased livestock populations, this grazing system remains prevalent in communal areas, suggesting animals utilise heterogeneity found in these areas. A study was conducted to compare biomass and... -
The sociocultural contexts and meanings associated with livestock keeping in rural South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Andrew Ainslie --- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, UKThis paper complements Vetter's position paper, ‘Development and sustainable management of rangeland commons – aligning policy with the realities of South Africa's rural landscape’ (Vetter in this issue). It seeks to advance the debate regarding the contemporary nature of livestock... -
Dynamics of woody vegetation in a semi-arid savanna, with a focus on bush encroachment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: M-L Britz D WardIncreases in the tree: grass ratio with accompanying changes in herbaceous composition, called bush or shrub encroachment, is a worldwide phenomenon in savanna regions. Although heavy grazing by livestock is often believed to be the cause, it is clear that... -
Adoption of East Coast Fever Vaccine among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Kenya: The Case of North Rift Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: Tabby Karanja-Lumumba --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya John Mugambi --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya Fred Wesonga --- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, KenyaDiseases are a major constraint limiting dairy cattle production, with East Coast Fever (ECF) ranking among those of high economic importance. The high cost of ECF control and treatment led to the development of the ECF vaccine, which is envisaged... -
Silvopastoral system based on Ficus thonningii: an adaptation to climate change in northern Ethiopia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Mulubrhan Balehegn --- Animal Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Ethiopia Lars O Eik --- Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Ås, Norway Yayneshet Tesfay --- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), EthiopiaThis study in northern Ethiopia investigated local people's perception of climate change and the role of indigenous silvopastoralism in adaptation to that change. Two hundred and forty respondents participated in a questionnaire survey and group discussions. Local communities perceive climate... -
Cattle and cattle colour terminology in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Anthropology Southern Africa • Authors: Louis J Louwrens --- Department of African Languages, Elsabé Taljard --- Department of African Languages,A comparison between cattle colour terminology found in the Khoikhoi languages and that found in South African Bantu languages brings noticeable similarities to light, leading to the assumption that both the cattle and the terms used to describe their characteristic... -
Population increase and nest-site selection of Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis at a new colony in drylands of north-east Algeria
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology • Authors: Majda Sbiki --- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Algeria Haroun Chenchouni --- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Algeria Abdelkrim Si Bachir --- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, AlgeriaColony occupation by Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis at an arid location in north-east Algeria lasted from mid-March or April to August. The colony, which was founded in 2003, increased from 124 pairs in 2007 to 250 pairs in 2011 and... -
Farmers’ choice of cattle marketing channels under transaction cost in rural South Africa: a multinomial logit model
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Jorine T Ndoro --- Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management Programme, South Africa Maxwell Mudhara --- African Centre for Food Security, South Africa Michael Chimonyo --- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, South AfricaThis study applied a transaction cost approach to the analysis of cattle marketing behaviour among smallholder farmers in communal land areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The objective was to test the effects of information, negotiation, and monitoring costs on the... -
The impact of livestock grazing management systems on soil and vegetation characteristics across savanna ecosystems in Botswana
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Olaotswe E Kgosikoma --- Department of Agricultural Research, Botswana Witness Mojeremane --- Botswana College of Agriculture, Botswana Barbra Harvie --- University of Edinburgh, UKThe objective of this study was to determine the impact of livestock grazing management systems on soil and vegetation dynamics under different environmental conditions of Botswana. Soil and vegetation were randomly sampled along transects located in three ranches and adjacent... -
Fatty acids in beef from grain- and grass-fed cattle: the unique South African scenario
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition • Authors: N Hall --- Research Consultant Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, HC Schönfeldt --- Research Consultant Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, B Pretorius --- Research Consultant Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences,Objective: Different fatty acids elicit different responses in the human body once ingested. Although red meat is often considered to be a source of fatty acids which has a negative impact on human health, many studies have reflected variability in... -
Promoting the use of home-mixed supplements as alternatives to commercial supplements in smallholder beef production systems in the subhumid region of Zimbabwe
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Irenie Chakoma --- International Livestock Research Institute, Zimbabwe Godfrey Manyawu --- International Livestock Research Institute, Zimbabwe Lovemore C Gwiriri --- International Livestock Research Institute, Zimbabwe Siboniso Moyo --- International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia Sikhalazo Dube --- International Livestock Research Institute, Zimbabwe Venancio E Imbayarwo-Chikosi --- Department of Animal Science, Zimbabwe Tinyiko E Halimani --- Department of Animal Science, Zimbabwe Charles Chakoma --- , Zimbabwe Barbara V Maasdorp --- Department of Crop Science, Zimbabwe Victor Buwu --- Department of Animal Science, ZimbabweThe economic and performance effect of supplementing smallholder cattle by substituting commercial feed with iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets based on alternative protein sources was investigated in two trials. In trial 1, three diets (commercial concentrate, commercial concentrate partially substituted with... -
Determinants and opportunities for commercial marketing of beef cattle raised on communally owned natural pastures in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Tawanda Marandure --- Department of Animal Science, South Africa Cletos Mapiye --- Department of Animal Science, South Africa Godswill Makombe --- University of Limpopo, Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership, South Africa Baldwin Nengovhela --- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production Institute, South Africa Phillip Strydom --- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production Institute, South Africa Voster Muchenje --- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, South Africa Kennedy Dzama --- Department of Animal Science, South AfricaThe objective of this study was to examine the factors influencing smallholder producers’ potential to sell cattle and identify marketing opportunities for sustainable beef production in South Africa. A total of 95 structured questionnaires was administered to the Ncorha and... -
Use of Animal Information and Trait Preferences for Making Breeding Decisions on Smallholder Dairy Farms
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: B. K. Bett --- Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya B. O. Bebe --- Department of Animal Science, KenyaSmallholder dairy farmers aim to maximize the proportion of potentially high milk yielding dairy genotypes in their herds as a breeding strategy to increase milk production for home consumption and cash income. This study describes how farmers aiming at attaining... -
Rotational grazing approaches reduces external and internal parasite loads in cattle
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Monde Rapiya --- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, South Africa Heidi-Jayne Hawkins --- Department Biological Sciences, South Africa Voster Muchenje --- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, South Africa John F Mupangwa --- Department of Animal Sciences, Namibia Munyaradzi C Marufu --- Department of Production Animal Studies, South Africa Kennedy Dzama --- Department of Animal Sciences, South Africa Cletos Mapiye --- Department of Animal Sciences, South AfricaWe tested whether holistic planned grazing (HPG) and four-camp grazing (FCG) rotational grazing approaches influence beef cattle parasites counts compared with continuous, season-long (SLG) grazing. We expected that parasite counts would increase linearly with increasing camp occupancy by cattle from... -
Farmers’ Perceptions of Dairy Cattle Breeds, Breeding and Feeding Strategies: A Case of Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Western Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal • Authors: M. N. Lukuyu --- University of New England, Australia J. P. Gibson --- University of New England, Australia D. B. Savage --- University of New England, Australia E. J. O. Rao --- International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya N. Ndiwa --- International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya A. J. Duncan --- International Livestock Research Institute, KenyaTo understand farmers’ preference and perceptions of breed attributes, breeding and feeding practices, 419 households in western Kenya were interviewed in a cross-sectional survey. Respondents scored their preference for cattle breeds, traits and breeding methods on a scale of 1... -
“Reproducing the social”: contradictory interconnections between land, cattle production and household relations in the Besters Land Reform Project, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Anthropology Southern Africa • Authors: Donna Hornby --- Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, South Africa Ben Cousins --- Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, South AfricaLand redistribution policy in South Africa emphasises commercial farming as the legitimate use of land. This production-oriented framework fails to take into account the intertwined but unstable relationship between the production of market value and social reproduction, and how this... -
Effect of drought on communal livestock farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: S Vetter --- , South Africa VL Goodall --- , South Africa R Alcock --- , South AfricaDespite the size of the informal small-scale farming sector and its livestock holdings in South Africa, there has been little detailed work to assess how livestock populations are affected by drought. South Africa experienced a major drought in 2015–2016. We... -
Feeding and spatial behaviours of transhumant cattle in southern Benin: implications for the sustainable management of rangelands
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Rodrigue V Cao Diogo --- , Benin Josias Steve Adjassin --- , Benin Luc Hippolyte Dossa --- , Benin Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré --- , BeninFeed intake on pastures plays a vital role in cattle rearing in West Africa. However, the scarcity of pastures during the dry season may result in changing grazing behaviour by cattle. Therefore, we studied the management practices of transhumant herders... -
A balanced perspective on the contribution of extensive ruminant production to greenhouse gas emissions in southern Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Michiel M Scholtz --- , South Africa Frans J Jordaan --- , South Africa N Thuli Chabalala --- , South Africa Georgette M Pyoos --- , South Africa M Joel Mamabolo --- , South Africa Frederick WC Neser --- University of the Free State, South AfricaThere is a general perception that ruminants produce large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG) which contribute to global warming. Ruminant production is also known as the world’s largest user of land, and southern Africa is no exception. Recent estimates indicate... -
Drought release and post-drought changes in herbaceous composition and diversity in two land uses subjected to selective bush control in a semi-arid Kalahari savanna
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: N van Staden --- North-West University, South Africa A Marquart --- North-West University, South Africa K Kellner --- North-West University, South AfricaLand degradation due to bush encroachment and drought threatens the well-being of land users and forage production in the semi-arid savannas of southern Africa. This study aimed to analyse how herbaceous vegetation in the Kalahari savanna can recover from drought,... -
Participatory establishment of Cenchrus ciliaris forage grass among pastoralists in a semi-arid rangeland area of eastern Tanzania
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Range & Forage Science • Authors: Onesmo Damian Ngenzi --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Peter Rogers Ruvuga --- , Tanzania George Mutani Msalya --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania David Dawson Maleko --- Sokoine University of Agriculture, TanzaniaIn the semi-arid areas of Africa many pastorallsts move their livestock to find better grazing when forage is scarce during the dry season. However, the practice of forage cultivation can sustain fodder supply for effective livestock feeding during these times...