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THE EFFECT OF NEUTRALIZATION OF THE ANAESTHETIC MS 222 ON FRESHWATER QUALITY
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: G.L. Smit --- Department of Zoology, P. S.J. Halliday --- Department of Zoology, J. Hattingh --- Department of Zoology,This study indicates that MS 222, which is acidic in nature, causes changes in pH, pCO2 alkalinity and calcium hardness levels in tapwater and bore-holewater. Distilled water shows pH and conductivity changes whereas conductivity was not affected in boreholewater. Tapwater... -
THE USE OF BENZOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS FISH TRANQUILLIZER AND ANAESTHETIC IN SALINE WATERS
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa • Authors: W.T. Barham --- Department of Zoology, South Africa K.M. Caiger --- Department of Zoology, South Africa J. G.J. Visser --- Department of Zoology, South AfricaThe anaesthetic effects of various concentrations of benzocaine hydrochloride were tested on Liza macrolepis and Sarotherodor mossambicus in sea water and diluted sea water, respectively. Induction time for anaesthesia was negatively correlated with increasing anaesthetic concentrations in L. macrolepis. -
An audit of anaesthetic record keeping
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: M Raff --- , South Africa MFM James --- University of Cape Town, South AfricaAn audit of anaesthetic records was performed to determine the rate of completion and adequacy of such records. Less than one third of all records was complete and legible. In one quarter of all anaesthetics, no record of any kind... -
Anaesthetic accidents: an experience in sub-saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: OA. Ogunbiyi --- Department of Anaesthesia, Nigeria CN. Mato --- Department of Anaesthesia, NigeriaAnaesthetic accidents as a cause of morbidity and mortality are beginning to cause great concern in developing countries, where there is still a dearth of reporting of critical incidents. A case of a 55-year-old Nigerian woman who developed signs of... -
Lipid rescue: the use of lipid emulsions to treat local anaesthetic toxicity
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: CJ Kruger --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa PC Marwick --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa AI Levin --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaDespite increasing safety of regional anaesthesia, the growth in the popularity therof implies that local anaesthetic toxicity will occur occasionally. Local anaesthetic cardiotoxicity, even when using “safer” modern local anaesthetics, is notoriously resistant to standard resuscitation. The aim of this... -
Anaesthetic management of a parturient with severe pulmonary stenosis undergoing Caesarean section
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: JK Makkar --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India S Jindal --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India A Jain --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India J Wig --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IndiaWe report the successful management of a parturient with severe pulmonary stenosis undergoing Caesarean section. Anaesthesia was managed with combined spinal and epidural anaesthetic technique. During the intraoperative period, haemodynamic parameters were well maintained. There were no episodes of haemodynamic... -
Entropy of the electroencephalogram as applied in the M-Entropy S/5™ Module (GE Healthcare) during increases in nitrous oxide and constant sevoflurane concentrations
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: FJ Smith --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa S Spijkerman --- Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa PJ Becker --- Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, and Unit for Clinical Epidemiology, South Africa JF Coetzee --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: It has been suggested that spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram as applied in the M-Entropy S/5TM Module (GE Healthcare) does not detect the effects of nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on... -
Anaesthetic management of a patient with thoracopagus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Kiran --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, India KP Kaur --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, India KNR Rattan --- Department of Paediatric Surgery, India SK Rattan --- Department of Paediatric Surgery, IndiaWe report the case of a 10-day-old male child weighing 3.5 kg, with mass over the sternal region, a set of four limbs and an omphalocoele that had undergone surgical separation. An exoparasitic twin had fully developed hind limbs, well-developed... -
Anaesthetic genetics and genomics
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: E Welch --- ,Genetic variations have always been implicated in interindividual reactions to various pharmaceutical agents. Some common genetically determined anaesthetic conditions, such as malignant hyperthermia, “scoline apnoea”, “halothane hepatitis” and porphyria, are fairly well described, and the genetic differences in enzyme, receptor... -
Anaesthetic gases: environmental impact and alternatives
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: M Bosenberg --- Department of Anaesthesia,Little consideration has been given to the environmental impact of gaseous anaesthetic use. All currently used volatile anaesthetics are halogenated and chemically similar to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), giving them the potential to impact the environment negatively via both ozone depletion and... -
Haemodynamic and anaesthetic advantages of dexmedetomidine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: SH Rao --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, India B Sudhakar --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, India PK Subramanyam --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, IndiaObjectives: The aim of this study was to describe the effect of dexmedetomidine on haemodynamic stability in the intraoperative period, as well as on the pressor response to intubation and extubation and the requirement of inhalation anaesthetics and recovery. -
Transient aphasia following spinal anaesthesia in an orthopaedic patient
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: B Tripat --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, India G Ruchi --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, India T Sonika --- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, IndiaA 50-year-old male [American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade II] was scheduled for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. The subarachnoid space was localised with difficulty at L3/4 interspace and 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine was given. Within a few minutes, the... -
Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 2: Equipment contamination
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RA Samuel --- Department of Anaesthesiology, PD Gopalan --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Y Coovadia --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, R Samuel --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Objectives: Contaminated anaesthetic equipment has been implicated in the nosocomial transmission of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of blood (occult or visible) and/or visible organic material contamination of anaesthetic equipment deemed to be ready... -
Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 3: Decontamination practices
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RA Samuel --- Department of Anaesthesiology, PD Gopalan --- Department of Anaesthesiology, Y Coovadia --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, R Samuel --- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital,Background: Anaesthetic equipment is a potential vector for the transmission of disease. This study was undertaken to observe current infection control practices among anaesthetic nurses regarding the decontamination of anaesthetic equipment in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. -
Anaesthetic safety of the Macintosh® oral laryngeal spray device
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: RJ Ing --- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Associate Director of Clinical Research, USA DM Craig --- Department of Surgery, USA A Nowosad --- , MD Twite --- Department of Anaesthesiology, USA AT Bósenberg --- Department of Anesthesiology, USAPrimary hypothesis: A single, maximal hand squeeze of the Macintosh® laryngeal spray atomiser bulb may deliver a toxic dose of local anaesthetic to the oral mucosa of small infants. -
Accidental deposition of local anaesthetic in the subdural space following caudal block
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Prachee Sachan Veena Asthana Sanjay Agrawal --- Department of Anaesthesia, IndiaThe incidence of accidental injection of local anaesthetic into the subdural space during neuraxial blockade is rare. The presentation of unexplainable clinical signs that do not match the clinical picture of subarachnoid or intravascular injection of the local anaesthetic agent... -
Anaesthetic considerations for liver resections in paediatric patients
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: P Mogane --- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hosptial, P Motshabi-Chakane --- Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital,Children presenting for liver resection form a challenging population with co-morbidities that require adequate preoperative assessment and planning to improve postoperative outcomes. With the development of new surgical equipment and techniques, the anaesthestist is in a precarious position in which... -
Anaesthetic management of endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: our experience and a review of the literature
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: P Khanna --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India BR Ray --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India R Sinha --- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, India R Kumar --- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, India K Sikka --- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, India AC Singh --- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, IndiaBackground: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, vascular tumour in adolescent males with potential life-threatening complications. Advances in endoscopic surgery, invasive monitoring and hypotensive anaesthesia have made JNAs amenable to endoscopic surgical resection. We present the anaesthetic management... -
The long-term consequences of anaesthetic management
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: DI Sessler --- Department of Outcomes Research, -
Anaesthetic considerations in a prematurely born infant with congenital hypothyroidism presenting for cataract surgery
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: KS Prakash --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India JN James --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India K Kumar --- Department of Anaesthesiology, India TT Chandy --- Department of Anaesthesiology, IndiaAnaesthetic management of the premature infant is a challenge. This is owing to the immaturity of his or her organ systems and the possible presence of sequelae of premature birth, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, apnoea, patent ductus arteriosus and intraventricular... -
Tramadol and postoperative shivering in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: R Angral --- Department of Anaesthesia, India AA Wani --- Department of Anaesthesia, India BB Kapoor --- Department of Anaesthesia, IndiaBackground: For many years, shivering after anaesthesia has been recognised, and is one consequence of perioperative hypothermia. Shivering affects a number of physiological parameters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of hypothermia after open and laparoscopic... -
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with parathyroid adenoma for excision
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Kamat --- Director Professor, Goa Medical College, India C Deepa --- Fellow in Critical Care Medicine, Narayana Hrudayalaya, India J Fernandes --- Junior Resident, Goa Medical College, IndiaEhlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) consists of a group of connective tissue disorders characterised by hyperelasticity of the skin and hypermobile joints. Parathyroid adenoma results in increased parathyroid hormone secretion. We report the case of a 20-year-old male patient with EDS and... -
Description of surgical and anaesthetic services provided at two district hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal in relation to the surgical norms and standards outlined in the Service Package for District Hospitals
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: MI Siddique --- Department of Family Medicine, AJ Ross --- Department of Family Medicine,Background: Provision of surgical services at district hospitals (DHS) is cost effective and important. The District Hospital Service Package for South Africa (package of services) specifies the services that a district hospital should provide. The aim of this study was... -
Anaesthetic management of paediatric adenotonsillectomy
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: South African Family Practice • Authors: L Strauss --- Department of Anaesthesia,Tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures that are carried out globally. Although these children are often fit, anaesthesia for such cases can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and should not be... -
Anaesthesia for oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal atresia
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Palesa Motshabi --- Charlotte Mxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, South AfricaOesophageal atresia, with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula, is one of the most challenging conditions with which the anaesthesiologist has to deal during the perioperative period. The patients are usually in their first few days of life, and might be premature... -
An audit of documented preoperative evaluation of surgery patients at Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: W Swart --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology, South Africa A Kuhn --- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology, South AfricaBackground: The anaesthetic preoperative evaluation of a patient is the clinical foundation of perioperative patient management, and can potentially reduce operative morbidity and enhance patient outcomes. Generally, anaesthetists complete a standardised preoperative anaesthetic record (PAR) form to improve the quality... -
Lipid emulsion therapy: non-nutritive uses of lipid emulsions in anaesthesia and intensive care
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: M Buys --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa PA Scheepers --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa AI Levin --- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaLipid emulsions were introduced into clinical practice more than five decades ago as a calorically dense, non-glucose-based energy source for parenteral nutrition. Recently, intravenous lipid emulsions have been used as rescue for systemic local anaesthetic toxicity. However, the non-nutritive, therapeutic... -
The informed consent process for anaesthesia: perspectives of elective surgical patients at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: S Naidu --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South Africa PD Gopalan --- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, South AfricaBackground: Amongst state hospitals in the eThekwini municipality, obtaining informed consent for anaesthesia is often an informal interaction between the patient and anaesthetist, lacking structure and standardisation. -
Professionalism in anaesthesiology practice: ethical reflection on the nature of professionalism in anaesthesiology
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Malcolm de Roubaix --- Department of Philosophy, Centre for Applied Ethics, South AfricaAnaesthesiologists are well trained and equipped to practise a high standard of care and contribute significantly to positive perioperative outcomes. Professionalism is characterised first by expertise in the clinical skills, capabilities, knowledge and experience internal to the practice of anaesthesiology... -
The effect of sevoflurane induction on the myocardial performance index in healthy individuals
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Aidan C Kingwill --- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, South Africa Johannes van der Westhuizen --- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, South Africa Edwin W Turton --- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, South AfricaBackground: The myocardial performance (Tei) index is a simple, reproducible and easily performed measure of cardiac performance. Its ease of use and proven clinical application make this an attractive measure perioperatively. For appropriate use of this index under sevoflurane anaesthesia,... -
Novel technique for reversing phrenic nerve paresis secondary to interscalene brachial plexus block
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia • Authors: Ian O Fleming --- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Australia Krishna Boddu --- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, AustraliaInterscalene brachial plexus block is the reference analgesic technique for shoulder surgery. Phrenic nerve palsy with hemidiaphragmatic paresis is an established complication that results in symptomatic dyspnoea in a small number of subjects, and is poorly tolerated. Established management is... -
The effects of eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus and oregano Origanum vulgare essential oils on anaesthesia response in a Namibian marine species, silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: African Journal of Marine Science • Authors: NN Gabriel --- , Namibia C Chikwililwa --- , Namibia GM Liswaniso --- , Namibia S Louw --- , Namibia A Namwoonde --- , NamibiaThe anaesthetic effectiveness of separate and combined eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus and oregano Origanum vulgare essential oils (EO) were investigated in silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus and were compared with clove oil Eugenia caryophyllata. Argyrosomus inodorus adults (595.61 [SE 11.82] g) were...