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Culture and African contexts of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Collins O. Airhihenbuwa --- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, J. DeWitt Webster --- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health,Culture plays a vital role in determining the level of health of the individual, the family and the community. This is particularly relevant in the context of Africa, where the values of extended family and community significantly influence the behaviour... -
The evaluation of immediate behavioural outcomes of the syndromic case management approach for the treatment of patients with sexually transmitted infections at PHC centres in South Africa: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and sexual behaviour
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Leickness Simbayi --- Behavioural and Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, Human Sciences Research Council in South Africa, Anna Strebel --- Sekao-Headways Research Training and Development, Michelle Andipatin --- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cheryl Potgieter --- Department of Psychology, Pretoria University, Kopano Ratele --- Psychology Department, University of the Western Cape, Nokuthula Shabalala --- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Tamara Shefer --- Women and Gender Studies Programme, University of the Western Cape, Tanya Wilson --- , South AfricaThis study aimed to determine the immediate behavioural outcomes of the WHO syndromic case management model for STIs in the public health sector in South Africa, on the levels of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and behavioural practices (KABPs) concerning STIs... -
Social grants as safety net for HIV/AIDS-affected households in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Frikkie Booysen --- Department of Economics and the Centre for Health Systems Research & Development, University of the Free State, South AfricaSouth Africa has a well-developed system of social security and the reach of the social grant safety net has expanded rapidly over the past five years. Social grants are likely to play an important role in mitigating the impact of... -
Microbicide trials for preventing HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Phase II trial participants' experiences and psychological needs
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Annalie Pistorius --- Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), Janneke van de Wijgert --- Director Prevention Research, International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Centre, Mohlatlego Sebola --- Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), Barbara Friedland --- International Programs Division, Population Council, Evelyn Nagel --- Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), Cathleen Bokaba --- Department of Clinical Psychology, MEDUNSA, Anwar Hoosen --- Department of Microbiological Pathology, MEDUNSA,The Microbicide Division of the Department of Medical Microbiology at MEDUNSA, South Africa, recently completed a phase II expanded safety trial of the candidate microbicide Carraguard. A microbicide is a vaginal product that women might use, if proven safe and... -
Impact of long-term civil disorders and wars on the trajectory of HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: David Gisselquist --- , USAFrom the mid-1970s, seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced civil disorders and wars lasting for at least 10 years. In two — Sierra Leone during 1991–2002, and Somalia from 1988 and continuing — adult HIV prevalence remained below 1%... -
Stigma, discrimination and the implications for people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Donald Skinner --- HSRC, Sakhumzi Mfecane --- HSRC,Stigma and discrimination play significant roles in the development and maintenance of the HIV epidemic. It is well documented that people living with HIV and AIDS experience stigma and discrimination on an ongoing basis. This impact goes beyond individuals infected... -
The meaning and challenge of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for counsellors — report of the Kenya Association of Professional Counsellors (KAPC) conference for sub-Saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Cecilia Rachier [CXX0001] Elias Gikundi [B0002] Don Balmer --- Senior Research Fellow, University of Durham, UK Maggie Robson --- School of Psychology, University of Keele, UK Kathryn Hunt --- University of Durham, UK Nonie Cohen --- Centre for Studies in Counselling, University of Durham, UKA large number of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) sites are being opened in sub-Saharan Africa. The services provided by these sites are playing an increasingly important role in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The sites offer many possibilities and it... -
Prevention of HIV and other STIs in rural Senegal: a study of prevention-related events collected by sentinel observers
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Abdoulaye Sidibé Wade --- Division SIDA, Senegalese Ministry of Health, Catherine Enel [B0002] Emmanuel Lagarde --- French National Institute for Health research (INSERM),We conducted a study of AIDS/STI prevention-related events based on a network of sentinel observers over a 35-month period in three rural communities of Senegal (May 2000 – March 2003). In one of these communities we also conducted a population-based... -
Development of an HIV risk reduction counselling intervention for use in South African sexually transmitted infection clinics
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Vuyisile Mathiti --- University of the Western Cape, Leickness C. Simbayi --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Sean Jooste --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Queen Kekana --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Xolani P. Nibe --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Luvuyo Shasha --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Philasande Bidla --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pamela Magubane --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Demetria Cain --- Psychology Department, University of Connecticut, Charsey Cherry --- Psychology Department, University of Connecticut, Seth C. Kalichman --- Psychology Department, University of Connecticut,South Africa urgently needs HIV prevention interventions that can be disseminated for use in clinical and community settings. A brief theory-based HIV risk reduction counselling intervention originally developed in the USA has recently been adapted for use in a South... -
Perceived HIV/AIDS impact among staff in tertiary institutions in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Karl Peltzer --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council,A descriptive questionnaire-based study was undertaken among staff in tertiary institutions in the Eastern Cape Province. The objective of the study was to explore perceived HIV/AIDS impact on duties at work, staff morale, job satisfaction and workload among a proportionate... -
Understanding the response of large South African companies to HIV/AIDS
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: David Dickinson --- Graduate School of Business Administration, University of the Witwatersrand, Marion Stevens --- Centre for Health Policy, University of the Witwatersrand,This paper provides a framework analysing the response of South African companies to HIV/AIDS. Drawing on three case studies of companies, each with over 20 000 South African-based employees, we identify six ‘drivers’ that influence corporate behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS: legal... -
Development of structured support groups for HIV-positive women in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Maretha Visser --- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Jonathan Mundell --- University of Pretoria, Annelize de Villiers --- MRC Unit for Maternal and Infant Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, Kathleen Sikkema --- Epidemiology and Public Health, Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, Bridget Jeffery --- Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria and Kalafong Hospital,Women living with HIV in a stigmatising community need support to cope with their HIV status. In a process of action research, a structured support group programme was designed to meet the needs of women to cope with their diagnosis... -
Assistance needed for the integration of orphaned and vulnerable children — views of South African family and community members
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Melvyn Freeman --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Programme of the HSRC, Nkululeko Nkomo --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Programme of the HSRC,Guardianship within families is often regarded as the most viable and preferred option for orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC). However, this will place a considerably increased burden on the new caregivers of these children. This study examines whether assistance to... -
Social constructions of gender roles, gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS in two communities of the Western Cape, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Anna Strebel --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Programme of the Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa Mary Crawford --- Psychology Department, University of Conneticut, USA Tamara Shefer --- Women and Gender Studies Programme, University of the Western Cape, South Africa Allanise Cloete --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Programme of the Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa Nomvo Dwadwa-Henda --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Programme of the Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa Michelle Kaufman --- University of Conneticut, USA Leickness Simbayi --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Programme, Kgobati Magome --- Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Programme of the Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa Seth Kalichman --- Psychology Department, University of Conneticut, USAThe links between gender roles, gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS risk are complex and culturally specific. In this qualitative study we investigated how women and men in two black communities in the Western Cape, South Africa, constructed their gender identities and... -
Perceptions of acceptability and utility of microbicides in Ghana, West Africa: A qualitative, exploratory study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Amanda E Tanner --- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine,Vaginal microbicides, substances that may substantially decrease transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are currently in clinical trials. They are being presented as woman-initiated prevention methods that have the potential to be used without partners'... -
Condom use as part of the wider HIV prevention strategy: Experiences from communities in the North West Province, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Marije Versteeg --- University of Pretoria, Montagu Murray --- Functional Household Programme at the Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria,Correct and consistent condom usage remains a pivotal strategy in reaching the target set by the South African government to reduce new HIV infections by 50% in the next 5 years. Studies have found that there has been an increase... -
Rapid assessment of drug use and sexual HIV risk patterns among vulnerable drugusing populations in Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Charles Parry --- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit (ADARU), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Petal Petersen --- ADARU/MRC, Tara Carney --- ADARU/MRC, Sarah Dewing [B0004] Richard Needle --- Vulnerable Populations Project of the Global AIDS Program (GAP), Centers of Disease Control,This exploratory study examines the links between drug use and high-risk sexual practices and HIV in vulnerable drug-using populations in South Africa, including commercial sex workers (CSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs) and non-injecting... -
Correlates of condom use among sexually experienced secondary school male students in Nairobi, Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Marcel Yotebieng --- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Health at the University of North Carolina, Carolyn Tucker Halpern --- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Ellen MH Mitchell --- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Medical Center, Ada Adimora --- Gillings School of Global Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,This study aimed to examine perceptual factors associated with condom use, and the relationship between condom use and the timing of sexual debut among male secondary school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Data are from the TeenWeb study, a school-based project... -
Sexual risk reduction among Zambian couples
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Ndashi Chitalu --- Department of Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Phillimon Ndubani --- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Zambia, Miriam Mumbi --- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Deborah L Jones --- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Stephen M Weiss --- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Olga Villar-Loubet --- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Szonja Vamos --- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Drenna Waldrop-Valverde --- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine,Zambia has over 1 million HIV infections nationwide and an urban prevalence rate of 23%. This study compared the impact of male involvement in multiple and single session risk reduction interventions among inconsistent condom users in Zambia and the role... -
Measuring HIV stigma for PLHAs and nurses over time in five African countries
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: William L Holzemer --- School of Nursing, University of California, Lucy N Makoae --- Faculty of Health Sciences in the Department of Nursing, National University of Lesotho, Minrie Greeff --- Africa Unit for Trans-disciplinary Health Research of the Faculty of Health Science, North-West University, Priscilla S Dlamini --- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Swaziland, Thecla W Kohi --- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Maureen L Chirwa --- University of Malawi, Joanne R Naidoo --- School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kevin Durrheim --- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Yvette Cuca --- School of Nursing, University of California, Leana R Uys --- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,The aim of this article is to document the levels of HIV stigma reported by persons living with HIV infections and nurses in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland and Tanzania over a 1-year period. HIV stigma has been shown to... -
Stigma, identity and resistance among people living with HIV in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Jane Goudge --- Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Lenore Manderson --- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, and Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Australia Bulelwa Ngoma --- Centre for Health Policy, Helen Schneider --- Centre for Health Policy and Professor Extraordinarius, University of the Free State,AIDS-related stigma can cause delays in testing, poor treatment adherence, and greater numbers of new infections. Existing studies from low- and middle-income countries focus on the negative experiences of stigma, and few document resistance strategies. In this article we document... -
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices of infant feeding in the context of HIV: A case study from western Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Juddy Wachira --- Moi University School of Public Health, Kenya Boaz Otieno-Nyunya --- GAP/CDC, Kenya Joyce Beatrice Ballidawa --- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Paula Braitstein --- University of British Columbia, CanadaGuidelines for infant feeding options among HIV-positive mothers are changing with informative research. Cultural factors, socialisation processes, gender dimensions and socio-economic status within communities should be considered in recommending feasible and sustainable options. The objective of this study was to... -
Descriptive systematic review of sub-Saharan African studies on the association between alcohol use and HIV infection
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Anne Pithey --- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit (ADARU), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Charles Parry --- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit (ADARU), South African Medical Research Council (MRC),The purpose of this review was to identify and assess studies that have quantified the association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. PubMed, CAB Abstracts and article references were searched to identify studies published in English between... -
High levels of psychosocial readiness for ART in an African population at the onset of treatment
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Brent Wolff --- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Martin Mbonye --- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Alex Coutinho --- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Uganda Barbara Amuron --- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Robert Nkabala --- The AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Uganda Shabbar Jaffar --- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK Heiner Grosskurth --- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS,Adherence at the earliest stages of treatment is likely to be influenced by prior illness trajectories and future expectations, best captured (and addressed) before treatment begins. We examined the influence of illness trajectories and treatment expectations on psychosocial readiness to... -
A qualitative exploration of HIV-positive pregnant women's decision-making regarding abortion in Cape Town, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Phyllis Orner --- Women's Health Research Unit in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Maria de Bruyn --- Ipas, USA Jane Harries --- Women's Health Research Unit in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Diane Cooper --- Women's Health Research Unit in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town,HIV-positive women's abortion decisions were explored by: (i) investigating influencing factors; (ii) determining knowledge of abortion policy and public health services; and (iii) exploring abortion experiences. In-depth interviews were held with 24 HIV-positive women (15 had an abortion; 9 did... -
Perceived stigma among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: A prospective randomised trial comparing an m-DOT strategy with standard-of- care in Kenya
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Susan Kaai --- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Canada Sandra Bullock --- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Canada Avina Sarna --- Population Council, Matthew Chersich --- Centre for Health Policy, University of the Witwatersrand, Stanley Luchters --- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University, Belgium Scott Geibel --- Population Council, Paul Munyao --- ICAP, Kenya Kishorchandra Mandaliya --- , Kenya Marleen Temmerman --- Obstetrical Department, Ghent University Hospital, Naomi Rutenberg --- Population Council,HIV and AIDS remain highly stigmatised. Modified directly observed therapy (m-DOT) supports antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence but little is known about its association with perceived stigma in resource-constrained settings. In 2003, 234 HIV-infected adults enrolled in a two-arm randomised trial... -
The role of community advisory boards in health research: Divergent views in the South African experience
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Priscilla Reddy --- Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa David Buchanan --- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Sibusiso Sifunda --- Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa Shamagonam James --- Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa Nasheen Naidoo --- Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, South AfricaIn the light of the growing involvement of community advisory boards (CABs) in health research, this study presents empirical findings of the functions and operations of CABs in HIV/AIDS vaccine trials in South Africa. The individual and focus group interviews... -
Negative stereotypes examined through the HIV and AIDS discourse: qualitative findings from white young people in Johannesburg, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Mzikazi Nduna --- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Jacky Mendes --- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand,Previous studies reporting perceptions of HIV and AIDS by white youth in South Africa suggest both explicit and implicit racial stereotypes and negative attitudes. This paper contributes to the literature on the discourse of racial stereotypes found in discussions about... -
“I don't use a condom (with my regular partner) because I know that I'm faithful, but with everyone else I do”: The cultural and socioeconomic determinants of sexual partner concurrency in young South Africans
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Chris Kenyon --- GF Jooste Hospital, Andrew Boulle --- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Motasim Badri --- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Valerie Asselman --- Infectious Diseases Referral Unit, GF Jooste Hospital,Finding ways to reduce the high rates of sexual partner concurrency is increasingly believed to be vital to controlling HIV spread in southern Africa. We describe the frequency and correlates of sexual partner concurrency in a representative sample of 3... -
Concurrent sexual and substance-use risk behaviours among female sex workers in Kenya's Coast Province: Findings from a behavioural monitoring survey
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Simon-Pierre Tegang --- People's Friendship University of Moscow, Russia S. Abdallah G. Emukule S. Luchters N. Kingola M. Barasa S. Mucheke P. MwarogoWhile many studies confirm the association between HIV, alcohol and injecting drug use by female sex workers (FSWs), little is known about their use of marijuana, khat and other substances and the association of these substances with HIV, risky sexual... -
Male circumcision and its association with HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases: evidence from 18 demographic and health surveys in sub-Saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Samson Gebremedhin --- Hawassa University, EthiopiaThe study aimed to assess the association between male circumcision and HIV infection and STDs. The issue is controversial as various studies reported conflicting findings. A cross-sectional comparative study based on the secondary data of 18 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS),... -
The effects of psychological inoculation on cognitive barriers against condom use in women with HIV: A controlled pilot study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Benjamin Olley --- Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Moyosola Abbas --- Brunel University, UK Yori Gidron --- Free University of Brussels (VUB),Past studies have shown that in attempts to prevent HIV, health education yields little change in condom use. The reason may be that education fails to target barriers for changing behaviour. The present controlled pilot study tested whether psychological inoculation... -
Political and socio-economic instability: does it have a role in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Ramaswamy Premkumar [CXX0001] Achilles Tebandeke --- Walden University, USAMany sub-Saharan African countries are confronted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This article reviews academic literature in the social sciences and health to discover why HIV/AIDS has become an epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa and not in other parts of the world... -
Changing trends and the impact of alcohol on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa: Review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Mashiko Setshedi --- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Suzanne M de la Monte --- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University,The association between increased HIV infection and alcohol use has been extensively studied and is established. South Africa is among one of the sub-Saharan African countries with the highest prevalence and number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world... -
HIV protective strategies among college students in Durban, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Pranitha Maharaj --- School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, John Cleland --- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,There is growing concern about the high level of HIV infection among young people in South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the HIV protective strategies used by college students with specific emphasis on variations by race... -
HIV counselling and testing utilisation and attitudes of male inmates in a South African prison
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Lelaka C Motshabi [B0001] Supa Pengpid --- Department of Health System Management and Policy, University of Limpopo, South Africa Karl Peltzer --- Human Sciences Research Council, South AfricaThe Department of Correctional Services Policy on the management of HIV and AIDS for offenders include voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV as one of the priorities in the rehabilitation of inmates. The aim of this study was to... -
HIV/AIDS knowledge, behaviour and beliefs among South African university students
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Preshani Reddy --- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Jose Frantz --- University of the Western Cape,Globally, South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS. In the absence of cure, prevention is the only available method to reduce HIV prevalence rates. This can only be obtained through behavioural change, which is associated with a good knowledge... -
The social and clinical characteristics of patients on antiretroviral therapy who are ‘lost to follow-up’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a prospective study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Karl Peltzer --- Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa Shandir Ramlagan --- University of Natal, Mohamed Salim Khan --- Ladysmith Provincial Hospital, South Africa Bernhard Gaede --- University of KwaZulu-Natal,A significant proportion of those initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV infection are lost to follow-up. Causes (including HIV symptoms, quality of life, depression, herbal treatment and alcohol use) for discontinuing ART follow-up in predominantly rural resource-limited settings are not... -
Social grants for people living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a longitudinal study
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Karl Peltzer [d231e18]The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of the receipt of a disability grant (DG) status and the impact of the DG on health outcomes of HIV patients and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a longitudinal study... -
Contraceptive practices in the era of HIV/AIDS among university students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Muhammad Hoque [d227e18] Shanaz GhumanUniversity students as a population of young adults are reportedly at a higher risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections and HIV infection than the general public due to their higher levels of sexual experimentation and unsafe sexual practices. The objective... -
‘We are left in the cold’: Nurses’ perceptions and responses to antiretroviral treatment roll-out in the Free State, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Katinka de Wet [d217e18] Shirley du PlooyThe unprecedented roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa is a complex process where no previous endeavour exists that can measure, predict, or direct an intervention of this scale. In the Free State province, unique characteristics and problems distinguish... -
HIV knowledge and health-seeking behavior in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Carolyn M. Audet [d209e19] Mohsin Sidat Meridith Blevins Troy D. Moon Alfredo Vergara Sten H. VermundHIV prevalence rates in Zambézia Province were estimated to be 12.6% in 2009. A number of educational campaigns have been aimed at improving HIV transmission and prevention knowledge among community members in an effort to reduce infection rates. These campaigns... -
Risk factors associated with HIV infection among young persons aged 15–24 years: Evidence from an in-depth analysis of the 2005–06 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Joshua Kembo [d118e18]This study focuses on factors that predispose young persons aged 15–24 years in Zimbabwe to infection from HIV. Using the Mosley and Chen framework, multivariate modelling was used to assess the effect of demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors on the... -
Social and cultural aspects of HIV and AIDS in West Africa: A narrative review of qualitative research
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Helle Samuelsen [d133e18] Ole Norgaard Lise Rosendal OstergaardWith the increasing focus on the role of social aspects of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, the need for an overview of existing research dealing with such issues has become more urgent. The objective of this article is to... -
Rewriting the narrative of the epidemiology of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Stefan Baral [d166e18] Nancy Phaswana-MafuyaThe fight against HIV remains complicated with contracting donor resources and high burden of HIV among reproductive age adults still often limiting independent economic development. In the widespread HIV epidemics of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), it is proposed that key populations... -
HIV prevention among female sex workers in Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: A. Scheibe [d176e14] F. M. Drame K. ShannonSex work occurs to meet the demand for sexual services and is a universal phenomenon. In Africa sex work takes many forms and is an important source of income for many women. Yet sex worker reproductive health needs remain largely... -
LGBT Africa: A social justice movement emerges in the era of HIV
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Chris Beyrer [d151e18]LGBT communities are emerging across Africa in 2012. Many are emerging in the context of the continents severe HIV epidemic. Homophobia is a barrier to social acceptance and to health and other social services, but African communities are showing reliance... -
Transgender in Africa: Invisible, inaccessible, or ignored?
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Geoffrey A. Jobson [d170e19] Liesl B. Theron Julius K. Kaggwa He-Jin KimTransgender people are an important key population for HIV risk globally, and several studies have found HIV prevalence rates in transgender populations that are significantly higher than those among other key populations such as men who have sex with men... -
Drug trafficking, use, and HIV risk: The need for comprehensive interventions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Jessie Mbwambo [d186e18] Sheryl A. McCurdy Bronwyn Myers Barrot Lambdin Gad Paul Kilonzo Pamela KaduriThe rapid increase in communication and transportation between Africa and other continents as well as the erosion of social fabric attended by poverty, ethnic conflicts, and civil wars has led to increased trafficking and consumption of illicit drugs. Cannabis dominates... -
A decade of research involving men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Current knowledge and future directions
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Nicholas Muraguri Marleen Temmerman Scott Geibel [d199e38]It has been just over 10 years since the first large behavioral survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) was implemented in Senegal in 2001. Since then, behavioral and/or HIV prevalence surveys have been conducted in over 14... -
Efficacy of a lay health worker led group antiretroviral medication adherence training among non-adherent HIV-positive patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Results from a randomized trial
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Karl Peltzer [d77e18] Shandir Ramlagan Deborah Jones Stephen M. Weiss Henry Fomundam Lucia ChanetsaThere is a lack of theory-based randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the effectiveness of a lay health worker lead structured group intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in... -
Equipping educators to address HIV and AIDS: A review of selected teacher education initiatives
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: W. L. (Bill) Holderness [d91e15]Teacher educators, school principals and teachers are potentially well positioned to play a pivotal role in changing the course of the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The purpose of this article is to focus on a spectrum of educational initiatives in... -
Experiences of sexual relationships of young black women in an atmosphere of coercion
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Frances Clüver [d373e18] Diane Elkonin Charles YoungNegotiations surrounding sexual activity are characterised by multiple power disparities that include race, social status and age, with gender being the most dominant differential in heterosexual interactions. Research has shown that women are physiologically more at risk of contracting HIV... -
The treatment action campaign and the three dimensions of lawyering: Reflections from the rainbow nation
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Hassan Ahmad [d364e18]The spread and perpetuation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa has hindered the country's social and economic growth after apartheid. This paper documents my experiences while working with the Projects Abroad Human Rights Office and specifically my interactions with... -
Understanding culture and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Steven Sovran [d378e18]Early in the study of HIV/AIDS, culture was invoked to explain differences in the disease patterns between sub-Saharan Africa and Western countries. Unfortunately, in an attempt to explain the statistics, many of the presumed risk factors were impugned in the... -
Adolescent experiences of HIV and sexual health communication with parents and caregivers in Soweto, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Christine N. Soon --- , , Canada Angela Kaida --- , , Canada Busi Nkala --- , , South Africa Janan Dietrich --- , , South Africa Angela Cescon --- , Canada Glenda Gray --- , , South Africa Cari L. Miller --- , , CanadaCommunication about sexual health between parents and adolescents has been shown to have a protective influence on behaviours that reduce the risk of HIV transmission. This study explored experiences of HIV and sexual health (HSH) communication between parents and/or caregivers... -
L'annonce du statut VIH de l'enfant : expériences des mères et interprétations des soignants au Burkina Faso
Disclosure of infant HIV status: mothers' experiences and health workers' interpretations in Burkina Faso Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Alice Desclaux [d305e18] Chiara AlfieriL'annonce du statut sérologique d'un enfant constitue une situation particulière qui ne peut pas obéir aux recommandations générales pour le counseling définies pour des adultes; elle est très peu normée. Alors que les programmes de Prévention de la Transmission Mère-Enfant... -
Early infant male circumcision for human immunodeficiency virus prevention: knowledge and attitudes of women attending a rural hospital in Swaziland, Southern Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Prudence Jarrett --- , , UK Merav Kliner --- , , UK John Walley --- , , UKSwaziland has the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world at 26% of the adult population. Medical male circumcision (MMC) has been shown to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV from heterosexual sex by up to 60%... -
Perceptions about the acceptability and prevalence of HIV testing and factors influencing them in different communities in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Yoliswa Ntsepe --- , , South Africa Leickness C. Simbayi --- , , South Africa Olive Shisana --- , South Africa Thomas Rehle --- , , South Africa Musawenkosi Mabaso --- , , South Africa Nolusindiso Ncitakalo --- , , South Africa Alicia Davids --- , , South Africa Yogandra Dhee Naidoo --- , , South AfricaHIV counselling and testing (HCT) is considered important because it is an entry point to a comprehensive continuum of care for HIV/AIDS. The South African Department of Health launched an HCT campaign in April 2010, and this reached 13,269,746 people... -
A lottery incentive system to facilitate dialogue and social support for workplace HIV counselling and testing: A qualitative inquiry
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Martin Weihs --- , South Africa Anna Meyer-Weitz --- , , South AfricaDespite South African mid-sized companies' efforts to offer HIV counselling and testing (HCT) in the workplace, companies report relatively poor uptake rates. An urgent need for a range of different interventions aimed at increasing participation in workplace HCT has been... -
Sexual and reproductive health perceptions and practices as revealed in the sexual history narratives of South African men living in a time of HIV/AIDS
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Erin Stern --- , , South Africa Asta Rau --- , , South Africa Diane Cooper --- , , South AfricaThe frequent positioning of men's sexual risk-taking as driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa has triggered interest in men's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) perceptions, attitudes, and practices. Much research, however, presents men as a homogenous group, and focuses... -
‘We keep her status to ourselves’: Experiences of stigma and discrimination among HIV-discordant couples in South Africa, Tanzania and Ukraine
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Laetitia C. Rispel --- , , South Africa Allanise Cloete --- , , South Africa Carol A. Metcalf --- , South AfricaIn HIV-discordant relationships, the HIV-negative partner also carries the burden of a stigmatised disease. For this reason, couples often hide their HIV-discordant status from family, friends and community members. This perpetuates the silence around HIV-discordant relationships and impacts on targeted... -
‘You need to have some guts to teach’: Teacher preparation and characteristics for the teaching of sexuality and HIV/AIDS education in South African schools
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Dennis A. Francis --- , South Africa Renée DePalma --- , SpainUsing in-depth interviews, we asked sexuality educators in South Africa about their own professional preparation and what they believed were necessary educator characteristics for teaching Sexuality Education. Our findings show that our teachers taught Sexuality Education without any appropriate qualification... -
Male partners’ involvement in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Rosa Marlene Manjate Cuco --- , , Mozambique Khátia Munguambe --- , , Mozambique Nafissa Bique Osman --- , , Mozambique Olivier Degomme --- , Belgium Marleen Temmerman --- , , Belgium Mohsin M. Sidat --- , , MozambiqueIn sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), male partners are rarely present during prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. This systematic review aims to synthesize, from a male perspective, male partners’ perceived roles, barriers and enablers of their involvement in PMTCT, and highlights... -
‘The mercurial piece of the puzzle’: Understanding stigma and HIV/AIDS in South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Leah Gilbert --- , , South AfricaAlthough stigma and its relationship to health and disease is not a new phenomenon, it has not been a major feature in the public discourse until the emergence of HIV. The range of negative responses associated with the epidemic placed... -
Prevalence of prenatal depression and associated factors among HIV-positive women in primary care in Mpumalanga province, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Karl Peltzer --- , , South Africa Violeta J. Rodriguez --- , , USA Deborah Jones --- , , USAThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressed symptoms and associated factors in prenatal HIV-positive women in primary care facilities in rural South Africa. In a cross-sectional study, 663 HIV-positive prenatal women in 12 community health centres in Mpumalanga... -
Addressing adolescents’ risk and protective factors related to risky behaviours: Findings from a school-based peer-education evaluation in the Western Cape
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Furzana Timol --- , South Africa Mohammed Yacoob Vawda --- , South Africa Arvin Bhana --- , South Africa Benita Moolman --- , South Africa Mokhantso Makoae --- , South Africa Sharlene Swartz --- , South AfricaBackground: Peer-education programmes aim to bring about attitudinal and behavioural changes in their target audience. In the South African educational context, peer education is a favoured approach in dealing with issues such as HIV and AIDS, sexual decision-making and substance... -
An assessment of quality of home-based HIV counseling and testing performed by lay counselors in a rural sub-district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Vuyolwethu Magasana --- , South Africa Wanga Zembe --- , South Africa Hanani Tabana --- , South Africa Reshma Naik --- , South Africa Debra Jackson --- , South Africa Sonja Swanevelder --- , South Africa Tanya Doherty --- , South AfricaHIV counseling and testing (HCT) has been prioritized as one of the prevention strategies for HIV/AIDS, and promoted as an essential tool in scaling up and improving access to treatment, care and support especially in community settings. Home-based HCT (HBHCT)... -
The Achilles’ heel of prevention to mother-to-child transmission of HIV: Protocol implementation, uptake, and sustainability
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Violeta J. Rodriguez --- , , USA Richard P. LaCabe --- , , USA C. Kyle Privette --- , , USA K. Marie Douglass --- , USA Karl Peltzer --- , South Africa Gladys Matseke --- , South Africa Audrey Mathebula --- , South Africa Shandir Ramlagan --- , South Africa Sibusiso Sifunda --- , South Africa Guillermo “Willy” Prado --- , USA Viviana Horigian --- , , USA Stephen M. Weiss --- , , USA Deborah L. Jones --- , , USAThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS proposed to reduce the vertical transmission of HIV from ∼72,200 to ∼8300 newly infected children by 2015 in South Africa (SA). However, cultural, infrastructural, and socio-economic barriers hinder the implementation of... -
Rethinking HIV-prevention for school-going young people based on current behaviour patterns
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Maretha Visser --- , , South AfricaThe aim of the research was to gain increased knowledge regarding the sexual risk behaviour of school-going young people in South Africa after two decades of HIV-education in schools, to contribute to the development of improved HIV prevention strategies. In... -
Invisible work: Child work in households with a person living with HIV/AIDS in Central Uganda
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Julie Abimanyi-Ochom --- , , Australia Brett Inder --- , , Australia Bruce Hollingsworth --- , , UK Paula Lorgelly --- , , AustraliaBackground: HIV/AIDS has led to increased mortality and morbidity, negatively impacting adult labour especially in HIV/AIDS burdened Sub-Saharan Africa. There has been some exploration of the effects of HIV/AIDS on paid child labour, but little empirical work on children’s non-paid... -
Covariates of high-risk sexual behaviour of men aged 50 years and above in sub-Saharan Africa
Item type: Journal Article • Journal: SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS • Authors: Clifford O Odimegwu --- , , South Africa Nyasha Mutanda --- , , South AfricaSince the advent of HIV/AIDS, sexuality studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have focused mainly on the sexual behaviour of the younger generation (15–49 years) and little has been done to understand the sexual behaviour of those a 50 years and...
