Analysis of wave energy distribution in the Gulf of Guinea based on reanalysis data from 1993 to 2019

Abstract

This study examined the geographical and seasonal distribution of wave parameters (significant height, period, direction) and wave energy in the Gulf of Guinea using MFWAM (Météo-France WAve Model) reanalysis data from 1993 to 2019. The model was validated utilising satellite, buoy and coastal camera data. The results indicate that significant wave height varies from ∼0.5 to 1.5 m, with peak values occurring in boreal summer. Wave orientations predominantly originate from the southwest, with extended periods observed during the summer months. Offshore wave power ranged from ∼4 to 20 kW m^-1, with the value increasing as waves approach the coast due to the shoaling effect. Seasonal fluctuations demonstrate increased wave energy from May to September. The model marginally overestimates wave heights; however, the bias was deemed acceptable. This study emphasises the wave energy potential along the Gulf of Guinea coast, particularly adjacent to Benin, where measurements have surpassed 18 kW m^-1. The findings endorse forthcoming coastal energy strategies and importantly indicate that harnessing wave energy could advance the renewable energy sources in West Africa.