Marine gastropods as potential sources of medicinal and nutraceutical compounds

Abstract

Gastropods make up the most diverse class of molluscs. Marine species of gastropods include a vast array of sea slugs and sea snails, which are among the most diverse and ecologically significant groups of marine invertebrates. Exploring these fascinating marine organisms reveals a myriad of potential health benefits, ranging from pharmaceutical applications to nutritional contributions. This article reviews the existing literature to highlight the therapeutic potential and nutritional significance of marine gastropods. The review begins with an overview of the taxonomy and distribution of marine gastropods, highlighting the diversity that makes them a valuable resource for scientific exploration. Next, it addresses important pharmacological activities demonstrated by marine gastropod-derived compounds (including peptides and terpenes), namely antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Some mechanisms of action underlying these activities are elucidated, highlighting the potential of these compounds in therapeutic treatments for conditions ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. In addition to their medicinal potential, the nutritional aspects of marine gastropods are also discussed. Marine gastropod flesh is considered highly nutritious, as its nutrient profile includes vital minerals, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and high protein content. The review also considers the pharmacological applications of marine gastropods, such as bioactive compounds for drug leads and as functional foods or supplements, to promote human health and wellbeing through dietary supplementation. Future research into marine gastropods can be expected to drive more bioactive compounds towards clinical trials and safety evaluations, leading to commercialisation opportunities and treatments for human pathologies.