Macro-level determinants of research output in Nigerian knowledge institutions: A case study of ICT researchers

Abstract

This study explores the factors that influence ICT research productivity across Nigerian universities and government research agencies. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines conceptual analysis with quantitative techniques, drawing on the PESTLE model, the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem, and the Triple Helix framework. Data were gathered from 340 respondents across 30 universities and four ICT-focused government agencies, selected from three geopolitically diverse zones. A structured questionnaire captured participants’ perceptions of institutional support, digital infrastructure, collaboration, and policy frameworks. Principal Component Analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify key enablers and barriers. Findings reveal that social and technological factors – such as peer networks and access to digital tools – significantly enhance research outputs, while legal clarity and institutional support also play important roles. However, persistent challenges like underfunding and weak governance structures continue to constrain progress. The study concludes that improving research productivity in Nigeria’s ICT sector requires a more integrated, system-wide approach – one that supports researchers through stable policies, collaborative platforms, and strong institutional backing. Recommendations are offered to inform national policy, university management, and innovation strategy across similar contexts in developing countries.