The economic contribution of wild edible mushrooms as a non-timber forest product in the Copperbelt province of Zambia

Abstract

Wild edible mushrooms (WEMs) are an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) that contributes significantly to rural livelihoods in many parts of the world. However, information on their utilisation, economic importance and the factors affecting their availability is often limited. This study aimed to assess the contribution of WEMs to rural livelihoods in Mufulira district, Copperbelt province, Zambia, by examining their collection, consumption and trade. A structured questionnaire was used to interview 220 rural households, along with a survey conducted among 30 WEMs traders. The study revealed that all interviewed households engaged in the collection and consumption of WEMs, with 92% also involved in their trade. Sixteen different types of WEMs were identified, with tente (Amanita zambiana), kabansa (Lactarius kabansus), busefwe (Lactarius Gymnocarpus), chitondo (Cantharellus Cibarius) and katoto (Termitomyces Letestui) being the most commonly collected species. WEMs contributed an average of 28.5% to total annual household income, highlighting their significant economic importance. However, 93% of the respondents perceived a decline in WEM populations, primarily due to indiscriminate forest fires and deforestation. The study underscores the need for sustainable management practices to ensure the long-term availability of WEMs and the livelihoods they support. The findings provide valuable insights for policy makers and resource managers in developing strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of WEMs in Zambia and other regions where these resources play a vital role in rural livelihoods.