Role of subregional cooperation towards environmental conservation

Abstract

This study examines the role of subregional cooperation in advancing environmental conservation within the ASEAN framework, focusing specifically on the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) and its institutional body, the Centre for IMT-GT Subregional Cooperation (CIMT). Through qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and a review of policy documents, the research explores the relationship between ASEAN and IMT-GT, the functional linkages between the ASEAN Secretariat (ASEC) and CIMT, and the level of environmental awareness across IMT-GT member states. Findings indicate that while IMT-GT functions as a ‘testbed’ for ASEAN environmental policies, institutional and financial limitations hinder its full potential. The study identifies a governance gap between subregional and regional institutions, insufficient integration of environmental priorities across IMT-GT’s strategic pillars, and uneven stakeholder engagement. The recent formation of a Working Group on Environment and initiatives such as the Green Cities Action Plan demonstrate progress, but sustained political will, enhanced coordination with ASEC, and dedicated environmental capacity within CIMT are required. The study highlights the importance of developmental regionalism and recommends stronger inter-institutional collaboration, sustainable financing mechanisms, and localized implementation strategies to align IMT-GT activities with ASEAN’s environmental and sustainable development goals.