Some problems for politeness theory: deference and directness in Xhosa performative requests

Abstract

In this article the coding of politeness in Xhosa performative requests is examined within the framework proposed by standard models for the analysis of politeness. After a review of the relevant literature, it is concluded in the light of Xhosa evidence that the framework for analysing performative requests is culturally biased. An alternative framework is suggested which acknowledges different cultural norms relating to requesting.